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Biomedical subjects

B Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to B Taylor.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Cadmium exposure results in decreased responsiveness to ethanol.

Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on an ad lib diet containing 100 ppm cadmium (Group Cadmium-Diet) or a control diet with no added cadmium. On Day 61, all animals (N = 10/group) were challenged with a single hypnotic dose of ethanol (3.5 g/kg IP), prepared from a 20% v/v solution of tap water and a stock solution of 95% ethanol. The latency from the time of the injection until the loss of the righting reflex was recorded, as well as the latency for recovery of the reflex. The results showed a nonsignificant trend for animals exposed to cadmium to lose the righting reflex less rapidly than controls, and Cadmium-Diet animals regained the righting reflex significantly more rapidly than controls. These findings suggest that the pharmacologic effectiveness of ethanol is altered by chronic exposure to dietary cadmium. The implications of these data for other studies of cadmium/ethanol interactions are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fracture healing after stabilization with intramedullary xenograft cortical bone pins: a study in pigeons.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of intramedullary xenograft cortical bone pins compared with stainless steel Kirschner wire for the repair of a standardized avian humeral fracture. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Thirty mature pigeons (Columba livia). METHODS: Birds were randomly assigned to 3 groups. Transverse mid-diaphyseal humeral fractures were created in 1 humerus in each bird. Fractures were stabilized with intramedullary ostrich or canine xenograft cortical bone pins or Kirschner wire. Radiographic, histological, and biomechanical assessments were used to compare fracture healing 6 weeks after fracture stabilization. The contralateral humerus of each bird was used as a control. RESULTS: All fractures healed regardless of intramedullary pin type. There were no statistically significant biomechanical differences among groups or within groups. Xenograft cortical bone pins induced a mononuclear inflammatory reaction that did not impair bone healing. Bones stabilized with intramedullary cortical bone pins had more periosteal callus and inflammation at the fracture site than bones stabilized with stainless steel Kirschner wires. CONCLUSIONS: Intramedullary xenograft cortical bone pins, derived from mammalian or avian sources, appear to represent an alternative for the repair of avian humeral fractures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intramedullary xenograft cortical bone pins are biodegradable and may reduce the need for additional surgery to remove implants after fracture healing.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of single pin versus multiple pin fixation in treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

From January 1982 to December 1987, 114 hips of 80 patients underwent pinning for treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE). Three groups were differentiated based on the number of pins used. The average length of follow-up was 2 years 5 months. The mean time to physeal closure was 5.43 months in the single pin group, 5.54 months in the two pin group, and 6.44 months in the three or more pin group. These differences were not statistically significant. There was a statistically significant decrease in the rate of pin-related complications and reoperations in the single pin group as compared with the two pin and multiple pin groups. We conclude that central single pin fixation for treatment of SCFE dependably results in physeal closure while minimizing pin-related complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A pilot Diabetic Support Service based on family practice attenders: comparison with diabetic clinics in east London.

A pilot Diabetic Support Service (DSS) based on a computer register was devised for diabetic patients identified within three group practices in an inner city district of London. Of 159 eligible diabetics, 142 were followed over 2 years. Glycosylated haemoglobin (GHb) monitoring and adequacy of clinic reviews were audited. Care achieved by the DSS was compared with conventional Diabetic Clinic (DC) management of a sample of 200 diabetics from the same district. Serial GHb measurements were made on 66.2% of DSS and 44.5% of DC patients: GHb fell significantly only in DSS patients (13.1% to 11.4%). Proportional falls in GHb were comparable in each DSS treatment group (diet alone, oral hypoglycaemic agents, and insulin) and for hospital attenders and non-attenders equally. The planned clinical reviews were achieved in 40.1% of DSS patients entered (29% GP only, 54% of clinic attenders) and in 15% of DC patients (plus 75% fundal and blood pressure examination). The study led to provision of a formal diabetic clinic annual review system, diabetic mini-clinics in two of the three group practices, and the appointment of two Diabetic Liaison Sisters. With administrative simplification the system is to be made available to all diabetics in the District through their GPs during 1986-8.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Successful use of problem-based learning in a third-year pediatric clerkship.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of changing from lectures to a problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum on student knowledge accrual and satisfaction with the didactic portion of a clerkship. DESIGN: Study of cohorts before and after PBL introduction and in comparison with unchanged medicine clerkship. SETTING: Third-year pediatric clerkship at 5 clinical sites. PARTICIPANTS: The PBL curriculum was introduced in the 1996 academic year. The 2 classes before the intervention served as historic controls (n = 319), whereas the 2 classes after PBL served as the intervention group (n = 320). INTERVENTION: Small groups of students worked through 6 PBL cases representing common pediatric illnesses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Knowledge was assessed with the pediatric and internal medicine subject examination of the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME); student satisfaction was assessed by an anonymous end-of-rotation questionnaire. RESULTS: Scores on the pediatric subject examination improved significantly from means of 69.2 and 70.0 in the historic control group to 73.6 and 74.2 in the PBL cohort (P <.01). Scores on the internal medicine subject exam during the same time periods remained unchanged until the second year after the change (69.1 and 70.2, respectively, before the change; 70.1 and 72.4, respectively, after the change). Analysis of variance results indicated a significant increase in pediatric subject examination scores associated with the introduction of PBL (P <.01). Overall student satisfaction with the pre-PBL lecture series was 3.3, whereas PBL sessions received a score of 4.3. CONCLUSION: Use of PBL in a clinical clerkship was associated with higher scores on the NBME subject examination and increased student satisfaction. These results should encourage the use of PBL during the clinical years.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Teenagers in hospital: what do they want?

A questionnaire based survey undertaken in north London secondary schools supported the need for designated hospital facilities for teenagers: 53 per cent of young people who had been admitted to a paediatric ward, and 81 per cent of those admitted to an adult ward, had felt out of place there; 77 per cent of the total (347 adolescents) surveyed, thought a specific teenagers' room would be an improvement in service. In this article, the authors present the research.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Delayed posttraumatic diaphragmatic hernia: case report and literature review.

The case of a 36-year-old man with an unsuspected delayed posttraumatic diaphragmatic hernia is described. This entity often presents with vague clinical symptoms and non-specific radiographic findings long after the initiating trauma has been forgotten. Therefore, the preoperative diagnosis of this entity is notoriously difficult, but failure to make this diagnosis carries a high mortality rate. A high index of suspicion must be maintained.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The need for black specialists in preventive medicine.

The disparity in health status between black and white Americans exists chiefly because of an excess of preventable disease in blacks. This situation calls for an increase in preventive services for blacks, services which might best be implemented or directed by black specialists in preventive medicine. However, there exists both an absolute shortage of preventive medicine specialists (of all races) and a relative shortage of black preventive medicine specialists. The immediate need for additional black specialists exceeds the total U.S. preventive medicine residency corps.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

"Well, was it worth it?" The value of teletutorials for bachelor of nursing students.

The Deakin University Faculty of Nursing conducts a Bachelor of Nursing degree which is available via the distance education mode. The faculty has as its central focus the value of nursing practice and espouses a belief in students' active learning. This paper examines the use of teletutorials as a process for realising the philosophy of the faculty in relation to students' learning outcomes. Although expensive in terms of financial and human resources, teletutorials bridged the gap between the faculty's philosophical statements and students' perceptions and needs.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

'Ordinariness' in nursing: a study (Part 1).

This is the first of two articles describing aspects of ordinariness in nursing as they were explored in a phenomenological study on clinical nursing. By way of introduction, it provides an overview of the first phase of the study in terms of its background and method, and describes aspects of ordinariness, showing their relevance to nursing practice. In exploring this phenomenon, this study affirmed a shared sense of humanity as a general group and the enhancing effect this affinity can have on interpersonal relationships.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
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Emergency action.

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Adult↗