The genetic control of histocompatibility iso-antigens.
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Alleles↗
Biomedical subjects
B T Cooper
Publications and source records attributed to B T Cooper.
Ethnic differences in cirrhosis of the liver in a British city: alcoholic cirrhosis in South Asian men.
AIMS AND METHODS: We studied the ethnic origin of cirrhotic patients retrospectively over the 14-year period 1987-2000 and compared the ethnic make-up of the cirrhotic patients with the ethnic make-up of the local catchment population. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Of 381 cirrhotics, 64.1% were white, 29.1% South Asian, 4.7% Afro-Caribbeans and 2.1% other races. These proportions were different from those of the local community in that South Asians were over-represented and Afro-Caribbeans were under-represented. Alcohol was the commonest cause of cirrhosis (60.9%) and South Asian non-Moslem males with alcoholic cirrhosis were over-represented and were younger at diagnosis than white alcoholic cirrhotics.
Adult↗
Enzymes degrading bacterial chemotactic F-met peptides in human ileal and colonic mucosa.
Bacterial chemotactic F-met peptides have been identified in culture supernatants of intestinal bacteria and in human faecal dialysates. These potent inflammatory agents could play a role in intestinal inflammatory disorders should they cross the epithelial barrier of the gut. We have identified mucosal peptidases which degrade F-met-leu-phe (FMLP) in ileal and colonic mucosal biopsies obtained at colonoscopy. A carboxypeptidase, inhibited by D-L-benzyl succinate (BzS), accounted for more than 60% of total FMLP-ase activity, other uncharacterized peptidases contributing the rest of the activity against the intact peptide. An F-met deformylase, inactive against di- and tri-peptides, cleaves released F-met completing the degradation. Total FMLP-ase, carboxypeptidase and F-met deformylase activities were measured in serial mucosal biopsies from 15 control patients undergoing colonoscopy for occult bleeding with negative findings and from 15 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 10 with Crohn's disease (CD). Highest activities were found in terminal ileum and lowest in the rectum. Total FMLP-ase and carboxypeptidase activities were similar in controls and UC patients but were substantially reduced in CD, especially in the terminal ileum (controls 493 +/- 146 and 116 +/- 73 nmol/100 micrograms protein per h, respectively and CD 231 +/- 96 and 41 +/- 36 nmol/100 micrograms protein per h, respectively (P = 0.0018 and 0.015). F-met deformylase activities were similar in all groups. There was no correlation between enzyme activity and severity of inflammation. FMLP degrading peptidases probably contribute to the mucosal barrier of the gut in regions of high bacterial colonization, limiting intestinal absorption and inflammatory responses to these potent bacterial products in the intestinal lumen.
Amidohydrolases↗
Intestinal permeability in diabetic diarrhoea.
Small intestinal permeability to mannitol and lactulose was studied in 12 patients aged 36-70 (mean 56) years with diabetic diarrhoea (DD). Ten uncomplicated diabetics aged 24-56 (mean 37) years and 25 normal subjects aged 22-60 (mean 37) years served as controls. Permeability was assessed by measuring urinary recovery of the test substances after oral ingestion. Mean lactulose excretion in patients with DD was significantly lower than in normal controls but was not significantly different from the uncomplicated diabetics. Mean lactulose excretion was not significantly different in the three groups. However, lactulose to mannitol excretion ratios (LMER) were significantly higher in patients with DD compared to the controls or the uncomplicated diabetics. LMER in seven patients with DD were outside the normal range. LMER in patients with DD did not correlate with blood urea, small intestinal transit time, faecal fat excretion, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, duration of diabetes or duration of diarrhoea. Jejunal morphology was normal in all patients with DD. It was concluded that small intestinal permeability was abnormal in some patients with DD and that this might be a factor in the aetiology of the diarrhoea.
Adult↗