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Biomedical subjects

B Sugarman

Publications and source records attributed to B Sugarman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Candida meningitis in patients with CSF shunts.

Two adult patients with CSF shunts contracted Candida albicans meningitis. In both patients, these infections were either preceded by or occurred simultaneously with bacterial meningitis. Treatment with antimicrobials alone failed to sterilize the CSF. Cure was obtained only after removal of the shunt tubes. The simultaneous or subsequent development of Candida meningitis should be considered in selected patients who do not make appropriate recovery from a bacterial meningitis, especially one that complicates shunt placement.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed1980

Attachment of bacteria to mammalian surfaces.

Much attention has been devoted to the study of bacterial adherence to mammalian surfaces in vitro during the past several years. Some in vivo evidence also suggests that this process may indeed be an integral part of the pathogenesis of colonization and certain infections. The biochemical basis of attachment and definition of the actual receptor sites involved are just starting to become known and seem to be different amongst individual bacteria genera. However, pili may mediate attachment of a variety of gram-negative organisms to receptor cells, and streptococcal lipoteichoic acids probably serve a similar function. Some recent study methods and results in this field are reviewed.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1980

[14C]-Pantothenate accumulation by isolated adipocytes from adult rats of different ages.

Accumulation of radiolabeled pantothenate by isolated adult rat adipocytes was studied in an in vitro system. Maximal uptake after 1 hour incubation occurred in media containing 0.03 mM pantothenate, about 100 picograms (pg) per adipocyte and was less than 1 pg per cell. Using such saturation conditions, uptake was energy- and temperature-dependent, with about 50% maximal accumulation occurring after 5-10 minutes incubation. Uptake was decreased by the addition of unlabeled pantothenate, but not other water-soluble vitamins. The serum level of pantothenate was decreased about 25% in animals 23-25 months old compared to those 11-13 months old, yet the ability to accumulate pantothenate at saturation conditions by adipocytes was no different. These data suggest that cellular accumulation of this vitamin is specific and that the capacity to do so under optimal conditions does not change with advancing age in this system. It is not known whether in vivo suboptimal or altered rate of cellular pantothenate uptake occurs with aging, or if it remains unchanged and lower serum levels are the result of decreased dietary intake.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1980

Altered [65Zn]chloride accumulation by aged rats' adipocytes in vitro.

Accumulation of [65Zn]chloride by isolated adipocytes from rats 11-13 months and 23-25 months old was investigated in vitro. While size and total protein per cell did not differ at the two ages, uptake of 65Zn was depressed 40% in the adipocytes of the older animals. In contrast, serum zinc concentration was reduced marginally (15%) in the older rats. Our results suggest that altered cellular zinc metabolism may be part of the aging process.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1980

Effect of heavy metals on bacterial adherence.

A preliminary examination has been made of the effects of salts of heavy metals on bacterial adherence. 3H-thymidine labelled strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from sputa were incubated with human buccal cells and metallic salts. 10(-4)M zinc or iron salts significantly increased adherence of Enterobacteriaceae to human bucal cells in an in-vitro system. These effects were not altered by variation of the buffer system used, and seem dependent upon interactions between metals and bacteria that occur within about 5 minutes.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1979

Effect of antibiotics on the adherence of enterobacteriaceae to human buccal cells.

Antibiotics at bacteriostatic concentrations (four times the minimal inhibitory concentration) decreased the attachment of Enterobacteriaceae to human buccal cells in vitro and augmented the reversibility of such adherence. These actions of antibiotics may influence colonization by nosocomial bacteria and the subsequent infection that they cause.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

Specificity of attachment of certain enterobacteriaceae to mammalian cells.

The specificity of adherence of various Enterobacteriaceae to different mammalian cells was studied in vitro. 3H-Labelled organisms of the same species isolated from various clinical sources differed significantly in their abilities to adhere to the same mammalian cells. Bacteria frequently adhered better to cells derived from sites other than those analogous to their original source. Bacteria did not display consistently 'high' or 'low' attachment to a variety of human and tissue-cultured cells and little selective adherence was demonstrable.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1979

Adherence of Enterobacteriaceae to human buccal cells.

A preliminary examination has been made of the adherencae isolated from sputa. The radioadherence method was found to correlate well with the conventional light-microscope adherence technique. Saturation of buccal-cell binding sites with bacteria occurred when less than 10% of the buccal-cell surface was occupied. The adherence of Enterobacter aerogenes to buccal cells was impaired by the prior adherence of bacilli of either the same strain, or of a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1978

Design considerations for community mental health management information systems.

Many community mental health centers are presently faced with the necessity of implementing a management information system. This article offers guidelines for centers dealing with this situation. Whether a center chooses to adapt an existing system or develop one of its own, careful planning prior to the implementation of the system can help ensure that it will meet the needs of the center and operate successfully. The guidelines are organized into the categories of data considerations, people considerations, and system considerations. The first two categories are of general interest, whereas the last category is more technical in nature.

Community Mental Health Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The binding of Chlamydia trachomatis and zinc to McCoy cells (mouse fibroblasts).

Zinc was found to have profoundly different effects upon the infection of McCoy cells (mouse fibroblasts) by two strains of Chlamydia trachomatis dependent upon the time and concentration of zinc exposure. Radiolabeled zinc-65 became McCoy cell-associated in a manner independent of incubation temperature, but highly dependent on incubation time and zinc concentration. This effect was maximal after 30 to 60 minutes of incubation. Correspondingly, incubation of a chlamydia inoculant with McCoy cells and supplemental zinc (10(-5) to 10(-4) M) for 1 h was associated with significantly (approximately twofold) more binding of the chlamydia to the McCoy cells compared with control media (8 X 10(-6) M Zn). More prolonged incubation of the chlamydia and McCoy cells with supplemental zinc was associated with significantly fewer chlamydia inclusions. Concentrations of 5 X 10(-4) M zinc or higher were also found to be toxic to the McCoy cells after 48 h of incubation. Brief exposure to supplemental zinc may augment infection of cells by chlamydia: however, more prolonged exposure to the same concentrations of zinc lessens cellular infection by chlamydia.

Cell Line↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nutrient chemotactic agents and the in vitro selective control of bacterial colonization.

Certain nutrient chemotactic agents after 3-18 hours of incubation with viable mammalian cells in culture can cause significant alterations in subsequent attachment of Escherichia coli to the mammalian (receptor) cells. Results were amongst the most significant with an essentially non-oxidizable amino acid analogue. Differences obtained were dependent upon the number of washings of the receptor cells after incubation with the chemotactic agents and the incubation concentrations. All E. coli isolates tested readily displayed chemotaxis, yet significant differences in adherence were observed with the minority of 16 chemotactic agents, two receptor cell lines, six E. coli and one Salmonella typhi studied. This is most likely due to poor localization of these agents in the outer layers of viable mammalian receptor cells, metabolism of the agents, or both. Some nutrient chemotactic agents may facilitate the selective control of bacterial colonization or infection.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Estrogens and infection.

The multiple effects of estrogens on infectious processes are only beginning to be understood. The existence of such effects is suggested by gender-related differences in the incidence and severity of some infections and by the association of certain infections with predictable hormonal changes. Current information indicates that estrogens may depress cell-mediated immunity, impair the activity of natural killer cells, and suppress some aspects of neutrophil function. Estrogens potentiate the production of systemic antibody, but local antibody responses may be impaired. Direct effects of estrogens on microorganisms have thus far been best studied in fungi; these hormones may either stimulate or suppress fungal virulence, depending on the species involved. Recent research also suggests responsiveness to estrogens in a wider variety of microorganisms. Studies in cell culture, animals, and humans indicate that pregnancy, estrogen supplementation, and menstrual stage can affect the acquisition and severity of certain bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections. This interaction depends on multiple attributes of both the microbe and the host in a given setting and thus may lead to disparate outcomes; however, there appears to be a predisposition to increased infectious morbidity in certain high-estrogen states. In view of the widespread use of estrogen supplementation, the clinical impact of estrogens on the incidence and outcome of infection needs to be better defined.

Antibody Formation↗