The humanities and medicine program: the need for the traditional premedical requirements.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to B Stimmel.
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Supervision is an essential part of psychoanalytic education. Although not taken for granted, it is not studied with the same critical eye as is the analytic process. This paper examines the supervision specifically with a focus on the supervisor's transference towards the supervisee. The point is made, in the context of clinical examples, that one of the ways these transference reactions may be rationalised is within the setting of the parallel process so often encountered in supervision. Parallel process, a very familiar term, is used frequently and easily when discussing supervision. It may be used also as a resistance to awareness of transference phenomena within the supervisor in relation to the supervisee, particularly because of its clinical presentation. It is an enactment between supervisor and supervisee, thus ripe with possibilities for disguise, displacement and gratification. While transference reactions of the supervisee are often discussed, those of the supervisor are notably missing in our literature.
There is a large body of literature that focuses on acting out, but there is little literature on a clear action in analysis, the written dream. The literature that does exist describes and determinants primarily. This paper, with a clinical vignette at its center, calls attention to primal scene fantasies and wishes as one major impetus to the presentation of a written dream. The central theoretical point is to link Lewin's idea of analysis as a dream with the written dream as an action which invites the analyst into the dream.
Thirty-seven diabetic men selected to exclude the confounding effects of other medical illnesses and nondiabetic medications and 53 healthy controls underwent extensive psychosexual and medical evaluations and penile blood pressure assessments by ultrasonic Doppler measurement and mercury strain-gauge plethysmography. There was a significant negative correlation between age and the penile-brachial index (PBI) in the diabetic but not in the control group. The impotent diabetic group had significantly lower PBI than nondysfunctional diabetic and healthy control subjects. Diabetic type, complications, and adequacy of metabolic control were not statistically related to PBI. Although the PBI may not have diagnostic utility for individual patients, it may provide a valuable noninvasive physiologic measure of penile vascular changes in studies on the aged and the medically ill. The processes that mediate the interaction of diabetes and aging on penile blood pressure and erectile capacity deserve further investigation.
Preliminary outcome evaluation results are reported for an innovative cocaine abuse treatment model adapted for cocaine-using methadone patients. Sixty-two patients were randomly assigned to six months of high intensity ("neurobehavioral") or lower intensity ("control") therapy for cocaine dependence. Therapy was completed by 49% of neurobehavioral and 53% of control patients. In paired comparisons between intake and six-month follow-up, neurobehavioral patients but not controls showed significant declines in cocaine and other drug use (measured by urinalysis and self-reports), as well as significant improvement in psychological status. The findings suggest that specialized cocaine abuse treatment can benefit methadone patients; intake to the study is continuing.
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While a number of issues have diminished the attractiveness of primary care residency programs to USGs, the absolute number of residents in these programs has increased rather than diminished over the past decade, although the proportion of USGs choosing these fields has decreased. In the current arena of medical practice, there are many reasons why these fields are not among the most attractive, and there are several remedies that could be applied to increase their attractiveness. Focusing on medical schools as the sole cause of this dilemma, however, is the least effective way of accomplishing this objective; in addition, this will allow those truly able to increase interest in these fields, such as state and federal governments, to have a reason for not doing so. As long as the medical marketplace is sufficiently large enough to accommodate more than the number of graduates from US medical schools in "desirable" residency training positions, one can never effectively "force" a choice of residency training, nor should one. Primary care can be among the most rewarding of specialties, if adequately supported. It is this support that is lacking and must be addressed.
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Medical education in New York is unique in the country in its scope and its diversity. It is important, as we go forward, that these strengths be neither eroded nor compromised. The AMS member institutions are making a collective commitment to work together to promote changes that will improve medical education for all students by providing them with enriched experience in primary care. Our major resource is faculty. To whatever degree medical schools can influence career choice, it is essential to this aim that the best possible people are placed in the settings in which primary care is taught. The schools will intensify their efforts to recruit and retain such faculty and, in whatever way is appropriate to each institution, provide them with the stature needed to emphasize the value which the school places on primary care. The schools will also work to provide exposure to primary care early in a student's academic career given anecdotal evidence, at least, that such early experience can influence subsequent specialty choice. Finally, the medical schools will assume greater responsibility for graduate medical education. If, with state support, ambulatory teaching sites are developed, the schools will make every effort to assure that they are staffed with high-quality faculty. Residents and students must see primary care practiced with total commitment to quality. It is hoped that, with state-initiated improvements in the practice environment, the ultimate outcome will be an increase in the number of our graduates selecting primary care disciplines for their practices and locating in areas in need of physicians.2+ Corporation, and the Greater New York Hospital Association. We are ready to work with others toward our common objectives, and we call on all of those who share these concerns to participate with us.
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Economic forces are rapidly transforming the profile of medical practice. Many of these changes will be beneficial and are long overdue. A number, however, have the potential to adversely affect both physician and consumer. At present, consumers are expressing few concerns; the concerns of physicians are receiving little attention. Consumers are quite content with the possibility of further decreases in medical costs and are relatively unconcerned with the potential decrease in the quality of care that may result or the diminished numbers of physicians entering research careers. If a decrease in quality of care occurs, it will be subtle, not recognized by the public for a number of years. Although the demographics of those entering practice may change, physicians as a group will adjust and survive, and the study of medicine will continue to attract those committed to the provision of health care. Ultimately, it will not be the physician who will "suffer" but the consumer.
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