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Biomedical subjects

B Stanley

Publications and source records attributed to B Stanley.

65 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Increased sensitivity of the elderly to the central depressant effects of diazepam.

The effects of diazepam on memory and psychomotor performance in healthy elderly (N = 12) and young (N = 12) individuals were examined. Diazepam was administered acutely in a single, oral 2.5 mg dose. Diazepam impaired memory, both immediate and delayed recall, and psychomotor performance in the elderly subjects. In addition, the drug caused an increase in self-reported sedation in elderly subjects but not in young subjects. These findings suggest an age-related increase in the sensitivity of elderly individuals to the central depressant effects of diazepam.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

The elderly patient and informed consent. Empirical findings.

Informed consent with the elderly patient and the competency of this patient population have been neglected issues in medicine and law. Particularly, the competency of the elderly patient has received little empirical investigation. The present study examines the capacity of geriatric patients to consent to research participation. Competency is investigated through the use of hypothetical consent information on three dimensions: comprehension of consent material, quality of reasoning about the decision to participate or not participate in research, and reasonable choice regarding participation. The results indicate that elderly patients' choices about those projects in which participation is "reasonable" do not differ, by and large, from younger patients. However, the elderly show significantly poorer comprehension of consent information. Thus, screening for competency and providing special instructions may become an important part of the research process when the elderly are participants.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Adverse effects of single therapeutic doses of diazepam on performance in normal geriatric subjects: relationship to plasma concentrations.

Elderly normal volunteers (N = 12, mean age 70.4 years) were administered placebo or diazepam 2.5, 5, 10 mg in four consecutive sessions separated by at least a 1-week interval. Memory and psychomotor performance and plasma diazepam concentrations were assessed at baseline and at 1 and 3 h following drug administration. Significant impairments were found in response to all doses of diazepam. The maximum impairment occurred at 1 h, which coincided with the highest plasma concentration of the drug.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of treatment goals: the use of goal attainment scaling.

Several observations are made on certain problems which psychiatric nurses may face during the evaluation phase of the nursing process. It is argued that the key to successful evaluation in this field lies in planning the evaluation itself, thereby strengthening the scientific basis of nursing practice by empirical methods. The use of goal attainment scaling is presented as one approach to this end.

Goals↗
PubMed1981

Preliminary findings on psychiatric patients as research participants: a population at risk?

To determine whether hospitalized mentally ill patients expose themselves to research with high risks more often than hospitalized nonpsychiatric patients, the authors asked patients from both groups if they would be willing to participate in a series of hypothetical research studies. The mentally ill patients did not agree to participate in studies of either high or low risk more frequently than nonpsychiatric patients. Both groups tended to agree to low-risk/high-benefit studies more often than high-risk/low-benefit studies. Although Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale scores clearly differentiated between psychiatric and nonpsychiatric patients, psychopathology did not correlate with willingness to participate in any of the studies.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Suppression of thyroid radioiodine uptake by various doses of stable iodide.

We studied the effect of various doses of sodium iodide on thyroid radioiodine uptake in euthyroid volunteers by giving single doses of 10, 30, 50, and 100 mg and then daily doses of 10, 15, 30, 50, or 100 mg for 12 days thereafter. All single doses above 10 mg suppressed 24-hour thyroid uptake of 123I to 0.7 to 1.5 per cent. Continued daily administration of 15 mg of iodide or more resulted in values consistently below 2 per cent. A small but statistically significant fall in serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) and a rise in serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations were observed after eight and 12 days of iodide treatment. These data suggest that the thyroid uptake of radioactive iodine can be markedly suppressed by single-dose administration of 30 mg of stable iodide and that suppression can be maintained with daily doses of at least 15 mg. This study provides guidelines for stable iodide prophylaxis in the event of exposure to radioactive iodine.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Memory performance in individuals with primary degenerative dementia: its similarity to diazepam-induced impairments.

Impairments of memory storage and retrieval produced by diazepam (2.5 mg, 5 mg, and 10 mg) in normal elderly individuals were compared to those observed in patients with primary degenerative dementia tested under nondrug conditions. The highest diazepam dose affected retrieval as well as storage processes in Buschke's "selective reminding" task, producing impairments qualitatively similar to those shown by demented patients. All diazepam doses impaired Buschke task performance in the normal elderly individuals; normal young subjects, in contrast, showed no impairment with a low (2.5 mg) diazepam dose.

Adult↗