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Biomedical subjects

B Smysl

Publications and source records attributed to B Smysl.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Methamphetamine--properties and analytical methods of enantiomer determination.

Methamphetamine is one of the most frequently abused drugs of today. Due to its stereogenic center, it can exist as single enantiomer. Like many other chiral compounds, methamamphetamine enantiomers exhibit different pharmacological effects on living organisms. For this reason, it is necessary to develop enantioselective and sufficiently sensitive methods of determination. This review focuses on methamphetamine with an accent on analytical chemistry and especially on chiral separations of this toxicologically important compound.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Simplification of combined thin-layer chromatography/infra-red spectroscopy using Silufol plates].

A simplified method for combining thin layer chromatography and infrared spectroscopy was developed. It concentrated compounds in separation just on the treated original chromatogram (after a special cutting out zones). Reduced number of operations substantially decreased losses of studied substances. Minimal amount of a substance for producing the spectrum was about 30 micrograms.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMed1986

[Use of spectral methods in the study of poisoning].

The authors demonstrate on selected cases from routine practice the possibility of rational and effective use of spectral methods in the examination of intoxications. They discuss the use of ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy, in particular their combination with chromatographic methods (chromatography on a thin layer, gas chromatography).

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1983

[Contribution to the problem of acute methanol poisoning].

The thanatological problem of acute methanol intoxications, similarly as the method of laboratory assessment, are urgent issues. Absolute levels of methanol concentration in blood are from the aspect of prognosis and lethal course resp. less important than the pH of blood and the value of the "base excess" [BE] on the one hand and cerebral oedema on the other hand. In 33 cases of acute methanol poisoning [including 12 fatal ones] the authors recorded survival at a maximum methanol blood concentration of 2.59 0/00 with pH values of 7.27 and BE -14, while death occurred already at a concentration of 0.70 0/00, pH 6.86 and BE -20.2. The authors consider pH values below 7.0 with BE values below -20 as critical. To concurrent administration of ethanol, even if administered on therapeutic grounds, due attention must be devoted. For detection and assessment of methanol in the blood stream and other biological fluids gas chromatography, "head space" technique, and diethyl ketone as an internal standard proved most useful. The authors demonstrate macroscopic and microscopic findings in organs of the deceased patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Acute fatal ioxynil intoxication (author's transl)].

An occasional fatal intoxication of Ioxynil is reported. Relevant autopsy findings are given and an extraction procedure for the determination of Ixoynil in the taken in fluid and in autopsy material is described. In the unknown fluid Ioxynil has been identified by using IR and NMR spectroscopy and determined by UV spectrophotometry. In biological material Ioxynil has been identified by TLC and IR spectroscopy. For the determination of blood serum, TLC-densitometry in situ has been carried out.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1977

[A contribution to the pathogenesy of letal paraquat poisoning (author's transl)].

Case reports of severe lung damage in patients treated with oxygen following paraquat poisoning lead the autors to design an experiment, in which the contributory role of oxygen was tested. It was shown on rats that administration of oxygen in paraquat - intoxicated rats causes, already in the LD50/20 dosage of paraquat, death in all experimental animals during the first 24 hours. Light and electron microscopic examination revealed edema, desquamation of alveolar epithelium with cell destruction of typ I and Typ II pneumocytes and total denudation of the alveolar basement membrane. Alveolar macrophages participated in the removal of the cellular debris. The toxic substance itself was not detectable in the blood of the rats 24 hours or later after the oral application.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Routine chemical-toxicological examination in fata poisoning through organophosphates].

The authors describe in their work methods of isolation of organophosphate insecticides from biological material--the isolation of the effective substance proper as well as of the solvent. They detect organophosphates by means of chromatography on a thin leyer and in one instance also by gas chromatography. In conjunction with chromatography on a thin leyer they discuss methods of detection according to the chemical structure of the substances searched for and submit their own modification of detection based on inhibition of acetylcholine esterase. They detect the solvent in insecticides in biological materials by means of gas chromatography.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1976

[Identification of organic substances by means of spectral methods in forensic toxicology. I. Infrared spectroscopy].

In the introduction the author gives an outline of the principles of infrared spectroscopy and possibilities of its use for the identification of organic substances. On examples from practice he demonstrates the use of infrared spectroscopy in forensic toxicology. He desribes methods for the isolation of substances from biological material and methods of their purification. The applied methods are used for common toxicological analyses. Attention is drawn to the possibility of comprehensive identification of the structure or a comound based on an analysis of the infrared spetrum and analysis of a mixture of two substances is is described. Infrared spectroscopy is a very suitable method for the unequivocal identification even of very small amounts of substances obtained from material (biological and corpora delicti) in intoxications with organic substances, such a as drugs, pesticides, etc.

Barbiturates↗
PubMed1975

[Identification of organic substances by means of spectral methods in forensic toxicological analysis. II. Nuclear magnetic resonance].

In opening the paper, the authors present a brief outline of the fundamentals of nuclear magnetic resonance. Using selected cases from practice, they demonstrate the use of nuclear magnetic resonance for the purpose of forensic toxicologic analysis. The method is particularly suitable for identifying unknown organic compounds and for analysing mixtures of substances.

Forensic Medicine↗