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Biomedical subjects

B Smith

Publications and source records attributed to B Smith.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Decreased and continued physical activity and plasma lipoprotein lipids in previously trained men.

Twenty-three moderately active apparently normal men aged 20-55 participated in a 4-month stamina training programme ending in a marathon run. Fourteen men decreased their training levels and 5 men continued training at the same level in the subsequent 2 months. Fasting lipoprotein lipid concentrations, anthropometric data, performance on a bicycle ergometer, reported values for alcohol consumption, smoking and weekly distance run were recorded at each phase of the study. Both groups of men showed significantly increased levels of plasma triglycerides (TG) and very low density lipoprotein triglycerides (VLDL-TG) during the detraining and continued training period. At the same time, plasma total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDC-C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) increased significantly only in men who decreased their level of training. However, final mean values for plasma lipids and lipoproteins did not significantly differ between the 2 groups of men. It is concluded that levels of plasma lipids and lipoproteins, excepting VLDL-C, do not return to pretraining values during 2 months of detraining.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Low density and high density lipoprotein kinetics and sterol balance in vegetarians.

Vegetarians have lower than average plasma lipid levels. Possible mechanisms were studied by measuring the kinetics of LDL-B protein and HDL-AI protein in 7 young male vegetarians and 6 omnivorous control subjects; sterol balances were also determined in a further study with the 6 additional control subjects whose intake of cholesterol was low. Plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and LDL-B protein were significantly lower in the vegetarians and plasma AI protein concentrations also tended to be lower. The flux or production of LDL was significantly lower, 9.1 +/- 2.3 mg/kg/d (mean +/- SD) compared to 11.8 +/- 0.6 mg/kg/d in the controls and appeared to explain the low levels of LDL. The fractional removal rate of HDL-AI protein was significantly greater in the vegetarians (0.043 +/- 0.011 versus 0.027 +/- 0.011 for the fractions of pool 1 cleared per hour) and appeared to account for the low plasma AI levels. In the second study, bile acid excretion was significantly lower in the vegetarians and estimated cholesterol synthesis was in the low normal range. Low rates of LDL-B protein formation have been reported in other subjects with low LDL cholesterol concentrations and in the vegetarians presumably reflect the composite of several dietary factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum of the eyelid.

Two patients presented with slowly developing papillated or hyperkeratotic lesions of their lid margins that began early in the fourth decade. Upon excision, these tumors were discovered to be examples of syringocystadenoma papilliferum, a lesion not previously well documented in the ophthalmic literature. By light microscopy, each tumor displayed surface poral openings where the epidermis underwent a transition into duct-like epithelium, which ramified as luminal channels throughout the tumor. Papillae projected into many of the duct-like spaces and were lined by columnar to multilaminar nonkeratinizing epithelium. A plasma cell-rich infiltrate was present in the connective tissue cores of the papillae. Electron microscopy performed on one of the lesions revealed that the channels were true ducts, with the innermost cells displaying microvilli, small numbers of tonofilaments, and apical junctional complexes composed of a zonula occludens and zonular adherens. These findings, coupled with the location of the tumors at the lid margin and the presence of dilated apocrine glands of Moll deep to one of the tumors, support an apocrine origin. The clinical differential diagnosis of syringocystadenoma papilliferum with respect to other more common lid tumors is discussed.

Adenoma, Sweat Gland↗
PubMed1981

Age-related progress among children with severe learning difficulties.

Severely educationally handicapped children aged between seven and 13 years were assessed on scales of psychological development. Improvements in cognition, social skills and language were observed around the age of 11 to 12 years. These developments were most clearly seen in two subgroups of the sample: those with Down's syndrome and those whose mental retardation was unaccompanied by any severe pathological condition. It appeared that the gains were not an artefact of selective processes operating in the sample. The reason for improvements in diverse areas, some of which might be associated with psychological development and others with growth of physical skills, is not clear, but the findings indicate the need for longitudinal studies of the severely educationally subnormal, and particularly of the two subgroups mentioned, who together comprise about three-fifths of those with severe learning difficulties.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

A scale for the assessment of neonatal neurologic status.

We have described early experience with the neonatal arousal scale. The infant's best response to bell and light are assessed and scored in addition to the observation of his spontaneous motor activity or response to tactile stimulation. This approach offers the prospect that rapid, reliable, and repetitive neurologic assessment may be carried out by all levels of personnel caring for small and critically ill neonates. The results of our experience in 100 consecutive patients who survived longer than 24 have been reported.

Arousal↗
PubMed1981

Biosynthesized products of cultured neuroglial cells: I. Selective release of proteins by cells from human astrocytomas.

The proteins synthesized and released by human astrocytoma cells cultured with radiolabeled amino acids were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and by trichloracetic acid precipitation. A select group of extracellular proteins was released from the astrocytomas. The most abundant extracellular proteins were at least 250,000 daltons. Five other major proteins (P 175, P 125, P 60, P 47, and P 40) were 175,000, 125,000, 60,000, 47,000, and 40,000 daltons, respectively. The complement of proteins retained by the cells was considerably more complex than those released. Clinical efforts to enhance the immunologic response directed against human astrocytomas must distinguish between extracellular and retained antigens. The pattern of proteins released by gliomas might be diagnostically useful if present in cerebrospinal fluid or serum.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

The role of D-1 and D-2 receptors.

Dopamine receptors in intracerebral motor and endocrine systems have been divided into two main types, D-1 and D-2, dependent on the presence or absence of adenylate cyclase linkage. Here we have investigated a number of dopamine agonist and antagonist drugs in man that have different actions on D-1 and D-2 receptors in animals. Motor and endocrine effects in parkinsonian subjects seem to depend on drug interaction with D-2, but not D-1, receptors. These results may have important implications for the design of anti-parkinsonian and antipsychotic agents.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1980

Cyclic nucleotide excretion in human malignancies.

1. Urinary cyclic nucleotide excretion was studied in 51 patients with malignant tumours and in 24 control subjects. 2. Adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate excretion was normal in patients with tumours. 3. Urinary excretion of guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate was significantly greater than normal in patients with lymphoid tumours (both sexes) and in male patients with myeloid tumours or malignant melanoma. 4. Guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate excretion was normal in patients with breast carcinoma or colonic adenocarcinoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The role of negative charge in spontaneous aggregation of transformed and untransformed cell lines.

No correlation between net negative surface charge as determined by electrophoretic light-scattering techniques and the rates of spontaneous aggregation of 3T3MIT and SVPy 3T3MIT cells has been found. Neuraminidase treatment of both 3T3MIT cells and SVPy 3T3MIT cells causes a significant decrease in electrophoretic mobility but only the 3T3MIT cells show an increase in spontaneous aggregation. An increase in spontaneous aggregation of 3T3MIT cells is seen after growth in 200 mM urea for 18 h but no change in net surface charge occurs. The distribution of anionic sites on the membranes of cells was determined using the ultrastructural marker polycationized ferritin. The distribution of polycationized ferritin-binding sites was essentially identical for both cell lines under all conditions when they were labelled at 4 degrees C. When the cells were labelled with polycationized ferritin at 37 degrees C it was found that cells which have a high net rate of spontaneous aggregation also show rearrangement of anionic sites on their surface membrane. Clustering and rearrangement of anionic sites at 37 degrees C correlate with high rates of spontaneous aggregation.

Animals↗