Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to B Sinha.
A 2-spirohydantoin of 6,7-dimethoxytetrahydronaphthalene was synthesized and purified. The compound, showing structural similarities to both phenytoin and dopamine, was found to decrease spontaneous motor activity of mice and to exert a pronounced protective effect against convulsive seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (Metrazol).
We report on a boy with ureteroceles that obstructed the bladder outlet and ureters, who presented with sepsis and hyperammonemia despite normal liver function. The hyperammonemia was most likely caused by excessive absorption of ammonia produced by Proteus mirabilis in the obstructed urinary tract.
Artificial sphincter models AS791 and AS792 were used to treat 36 male and 7 female patients with urinary incontinence. Satisfactory results were obtained in 72 per cent of the patients. Of 100 surgical procedures performed to achieve these results 61 were planned procedures (initial implantation and delayed activation) and 39 were revisions required to improve continence, change mechanically failing devices or remove eroded sphincters. From our study 3 major problems with the artificial sphincter are apparent: 1) stress incontinence, which was present in 55 per cent of the patients with bulbous urethral sphincter compared to 21 per cent with sphincters located at the bladder neck, 2) erosions, which appear to be related to balloon pressure used and location of the artificial sphincter (there seems to be a higher incidence of erosions when the bulbous urethral site is used with balloon pressure greater than 80 cm. water) and 3) mechanical failures of the device, which accounted for 41 per cent of the unplanned operations in our series. These 3 major problems are reviewed, the possible etiology of persistent stress incontinence is discussed and possible ways to avoid these complications are suggested.
Population surveys were conducted, examining nonpsychotic psychiatric symptoms, life events, and problems in community living in Primrose, a community experiencing rapid growth in anticipation of the construction of a heavy oil extraction plant, and in Wolf Creek, a stable rural town. Psychiatric symptom levels were lower in the boom town than in Wolf Creek, but the Primrose symptom levels were comparable to those in Saskatchewan. More life events were experienced by Primrose residents who, despite lower symptom levels, had seen their physician more often for minor illnesses. The complaints about living in the town of Primrose matched those of boom town residents from elsewhere. There was no evidence to support the popular view that living in a boom town creates more nonpsychotic psychiatric symptomatology. The higher proportion of the boom town population using physician services for minor illnesses, the higher level of life events reported, and the high frequency of reported problems for families living in the boom town support suggestions that stress is associated with these conditions.
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The single drug therapy of diazepam can be introduced to effectively control convulsions in eclampsia. This treatment will have particular application in rural obstetrics where eclampsia is seen in severe form. The dose schedule of diazepam, as described in this study, shows the therapy to have a stabilizing effect on hypertension and pulse rate. It causes neither respiratory depression nor oliguria. Diazepam is an effective muscle relaxant. Its depressive effect on the newborn is in no way inferior to that of lytic cocktail therapy. The drug is readily available at low cost, even in the remote rural areas, and can be easily administered by any doctor or midwife.
Recent reports have shown that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is able to suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). In the present study we compared PGE2 with prostacyclin (PGI2) analogs in their potency to influence LPS-stimulated production of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and TNF-alpha by human mononuclear cells (MNC). Our results show, that the stable analogs of PGI2, iloprost and cicaprost, markedly suppress TNF-alpha synthesis in LPS-stimulated MNC without effect on IL-1 beta production. Although there was no significant difference in maximal suppression of TNF-alpha, iloprost and cicaprost reached suppression to 50% of control at 20-fold lower concentrations than PGE2. The ID50 for iloprost and cicaprost were 8 nM and 5 nM, respectively, compared to 125 nM for PGE2. Moreover, the prostacyclin analogs as well as PGE2 suppressed LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha in Mono Mac 6 cells, a permanent human cell line with characteristics of mature monocytes. Suppression of TNF-alpha synthesis by cicaprost and PGE2 is probably mediated by an increased intracellular cAMP formation. We were able to show elevated cAMP levels with 1 microM and 10 microM of PGE2 and cicaprost in this system. The suppression of TNF-alpha synthesis may add to the beneficial effects of iloprost reported in animal models of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and may offer a therapeutic approach in TNF-alpha mediated pathologic processes.
Birth hypoxia is detrimental to neuronal function. In this study, its effect on spinal monosynaptic reflex was investigated on two different age groups of human newborn babies using few non-invasive electrophysiological parameters. A total of 57 newborns (25 hypoxic + 32 non-hypoxic) were the study subject. Out of which, 31 newborns (11 hypoxic + 20 non-hypoxic) were examined within 48 hours of birth, and the rest 26 (14 hypoxic + 12 non-hypoxic) were examined between 48h and 120h (five days) of birth. H-reflex latency (HRL), distal motor latency (DL), and H-reflex conduction velocity (HRCV), were estimated for understanding the transmission of impulse in the monosynaptic reflex pathway. Moreover, Hmax, Mmax, and H/M ratio were observed for studying the spinal motor neuronal excitability. The injurious effect of hypoxia was detected on HRL, HRCV, Hmax and H/M ratio in babies who were examined within 48h of birth. The HRL was significantly increased and other parameters were significantly reduced. In the older group of babies, however, Hmax was the only parameter affected by hypoxia. The relatively older babies of hypoxic or non-hypoxic group had higher Hmax and H/M ratio compared to younger ones of their own group.