Biomedical subjects

B Simon

Publications and source records attributed to B Simon.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Effects of ibuprofen lysinate and acetylsalicylic acid on gastric and duodenal mucosa. Randomized single-blind placebo-controlled endoscopic study in healthy volunteers.

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, CAS 50-78-2) and ibuprofen (IB) are commonly used over-the-counter drugs for short-term treatment of pain of different origin. Ibuprofen lysinate (IBL, CAS 57469-76-8) is a water soluble form of ibuprofen for rapid absorption. This single blind, randomized, controlled study compared the incidence and severity of irritation of gastric and duodenal mucosa in normal healthy subjects (n = 45) following administration of IBL (Dolormin) 800 mg/d, ASA 2000 mg/d or placebo for 3 consecutive days. Gastric and duodenal mucosal injury were assessed endoscopically using a severity scale of 0-4 for mucosal erosions and mucosal hemorrhages. Mean gastric hemorrhage and erosion scores for ASA and IBL were significantly higher than those for placebo. In addition, ASA was found to be significantly more irritating to gastric mucosa than IBL, in both the incidence and severity of gastric erosions. No duodenal hemorrhages were detected in this study. The incidence of duodenal erosions was significantly higher in the ASA group (64%) than in both the IBL (6%) and placebo groups (0%) which were not significantly different. Only one subject (in the placebo group) reported an adverse experience (mild headache) during the study. The data suggest that both active treatments are more injurious to the gastric mucosa than placebo when given for 3 days to normal healthy volunteers, but that IBL 800 mg/d is significantly less injurious to the gastric and duodenal mucosa than ASA 2000 mg/d.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Circadian aspects of acetylsalicylic acid induced injury and protective effect of ranitidine on the the upper gastrointestinal tract].

Circadian Aspects of Acetylsalicylic Acid Induced Injury and Protective Effect of Ranitidine on the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract. In a randomised parallel double-blind study the gastric and duodenal effects of 300 mg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, CAS 50-78-2) daily in the presence and absence of 150 mg ranitidine (Zantic, CAS 66357-35-5) daily was evaluated in 32 healthy volunteers undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Drugs were taken over a period of 7 days either at 8 a.m. (n = 16) or at 8 p.m. (n = 16). Endoscopic controls were performed at entry and repeated after 7 days of treatment. At entry both groups showed comparable mucosal damages: 8 a.m. group: ASA/placebo 0.8 +/- 0.1 (stomach) and 0.1 +/- 0.1 (duodenum): ASA/ranitidine 1.0 +/- 0.0 (stomach) and 0.07 +/- 0.06 (duodenum). 8 p.m. group: ASA/placebo 0.9 +/- 0.06 (stomach) and 0.1 +/- 0.09 (duodenum). ASA/ranitidine 0.8 +/- 0.08 (stomach) and 0.07 +/- 0.06 (duodenum). After 7 days of treatment the lesions score increased in the ASA/Placebo group in the 8 a.m. group to 9.1 +/- 1.1 (stomach) and 2.7 +/- 1.0 (duodenum), and in the 8 p.m. group to 10.9 +/- 1.1 (stomach) and to 3.9 +/- 0.9 duodenum). The corresponding values in the ASA/ranitidine group were 2.6 +/- 0.8 (stomach) and 0.2 +/- 0.08 (duodenum) (8 a.m.) and 4.8 +/- 0.8 (stomach) and 0.3 +/- 0.1 (duodenum) (8 p.m.). There was no statistical difference between the morning- and the evening dose of ASA. In addition, ranitidine protection was also time-independent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1994

The value of the historical perspective to contemporary psychoanalysis: Freud's 'seduction hypothesis'.

In this paper the authors re-examine the development of Freud's ideas on seduction, with a special focus on the evidence which Freud presented and upon which he relied as he attempted to confirm these ideas. Through this re-examination Freud's struggle with seductiveness, both in relation to his patients and in relation to his theories, comes to the fore. While the wish to be with the other through exerting an influence over him or her is perverted in the act of sexual seduction, it is, nevertheless, a force that must be recognised and contended with in other creative interchanges, including the analytic one. In studying Freud's struggle with this force, there is attained a better appreciation of the humanness, including the inevitable human limitations, of Freud and his thinking that rest at the foundation of psychoanalysis. This study thus has clear implications for the history of psychoanalysis, but, more importantly, it reveals the value for contemporary psychoanalysis in recognising this history.

Defense Mechanisms↗

PubMed1993

[A comparison of the gastroduodenal tolerance of ticlopidine and acetylsalicylic acid].

Changes in the gastroduodenal mucosa caused by 250 mg ticlopidine twice daily (group 1; n = 12) or 300 mg aspirin daily (group 2; n = 12) were compared in a randomized double-blind trial of 24 healthy men, aged 20 to 35 years. An oesophago-gastroduodenoscopy was performed before and after either drug had been taken for 7 days. Results were tabulated according to a uniform scoring system (normal mucosa, erythema, petechiae, erosions, ulcer, and blood in the lumen). Both groups had identical scores at the start of the trial (group 1: 0.9 +/- 0.1; group 2: 0.8 +/- 0.1). After the seven days, the score in group 2 had risen to 9.7 +/- 1.5 (median 9.0), while it had hardly changed in group 1 (1.7 +/- 0.5; median 1.0), a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The data indicate that ticlopidine is better tolerated by the gastroduodenal mucosa than low dosage aspirin.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Activation of the Ca2+ "receptor" on the osteoclast by Ni2+ elicits cytosolic Ca2+ signals: evidence for receptor activation and inactivation, intracellular Ca2+ redistribution, and divalent cation modulation.

Earlier studies have demonstrated that a high (mM) extracellular Ca2+ concentration triggers intracellular [Ca2+] signals with a consequent inhibition of bone resorptive activity. We now report that micromolar concentrations of the divalent cation, Ni2+, elicited rapid and concentration-dependent elevations of cytosolic [Ca2+]. The peak change in cytosolic [Ca2+] increased monotonically with the application of [Ni2+] in the 50-5,000 microM range in solutions containing 1.25 mM-[Ca2+] and 0.8 mM-[Mg2+]. The resulting concentration-response function suggested Ni(2+)-induced activation of a single class of binding site (Hill coefficient = 1). The triggering process also exhibited a concentration-dependent inactivation in which conditioning Ni2+ applications in the range 5-1,500 microM-[Ni2+] inhibited subsequent responses to a maximally effective [Ni2+] of 5,000 microM. Ni(2+)-induced cytosolic [Ca2+] responses were not dependent on extracellular [Ca2+]. Thus, when 5,000 microM-[Ni2+] was applied to osteoclasts in Ca(2+)-free, ethylene glycol bis-(aminoethyl ether) tetraacetic acid (EGTA)-containing medium (< or = 5 nM-[Ca2+] and 0.8 mM-[Mg2+]), cytosolic [Ca2+] responses resembled those obtained in the presence of 1.25 mM-[Ca2+]. Prior depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores by ionomycin prevented Ni(2+)-induced cytosolic [Ca2+] responses, suggesting a major role for intracellular Ca2+ redistribution in the response to Ni2+. The effects of Ni2+ were also modulated by the extracellular concentration of the divalent cations, Ca2+ and Mg2+. When these cations were not added to the culture medium (0 microM-[Ca2+] and [Mg2+]), even low [Ni2+] ranging between 5 pM and 50 microM elicited progressively larger cytosolic [Ca2+] transients. However, the response magnitude decreased at higher, 250-5,000 microM-[Ni2+], resulting in a "hooked" concentration-response curve. Furthermore, increasing extracellular [Mg2+] or [Ca2+] (0-1 mM) diminished the response to 50 microM-[Ni2+], a concentration on the rising phase of the "hook." Similar increases (0-10 mM) in extracellular [Mg2+] or [Ca2+] increased the response to 5,000 microM-[Ni2+], a concentration on the falling phase of the "hook". These findings are consistent with the existence of a membrane receptor strongly sensitive to Ni2+ as well as the divalent cations, Ca2+ and Mg2+. Receptor occupancy apparently activates intracellular Ca2+ release followed by inactivation. Furthermore, repriming is independent of intracellular Ca2+ stores, suggesting that such inactivation operates at a transduction step between receptor occupancy and intracellular Ca2+ release.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Characterization and solubilization of testosterone 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human hyperplastic prostate.

17 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is a membrane-bound enzyme in human prostate. Solubilization of this enzyme can only be obtained in the presence of detergents. The optimal solubilization mixture contained 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer pH 9.0, 20% glycerol, 0.1 M KCl and 5 mg/ml of the non-ionic detergent N-octyl glucoside. In these conditions, the soluble fraction contained more than 90% of the enzymatic activity. A 2.5-fold increase of specific activity was obtained during solubilization under optimal conditions.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗

PubMed1993

Experimental corneal cryopreservation: impact of postmortem time on corneal endothelial cell survival.

Clinical and experimental studies with rabbit and human corneas have shown the correlation between short postmortem times and successful corneal cryopreservation. In this experimental study we investigated this phenomenon considering the latent freeze-thaw-induced cell damage. Enucleated eye-balls of freshly slaughtered pigs were stored in moist chambers at 4 degrees C for 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 72 h before cryopreservation. After thawing, the corneas were organ-cultured for 1 day. After staining with trypan blue and alizarin red S the tissue was evaluated morphometrically, calculating the amount of necrotic areas on the central corneal surface and the endothelial cell density. Corneas stored up to 32 h before cryopreservation showed no difference regarding the amount of necrosis and endothelial cell density compared to freshly cryopreserved tissue. Corneas stored 72 h before cryopreservation revealed no endothelial cell survival. We conclude that a post-mortem time of up to 32 h before corneal cryopreservation has no influence on endothelial cell survival.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Pancreatic gastrin stimulates islet differentiation of transforming growth factor alpha-induced ductular precursor cells.

Gastrin is transiently expressed in fetal islets during a critical period of their development from protodifferentiated islet precursors in fetal pancreatic ducts. To examine the possible role of gastrin as an islet cell growth factor, postnatal islet growth was studied in transgenic mice which overexpress gastrin and TGF alpha in their pancreas. Overexpression of a TGF alpha transgene causes metaplastic ductules containing numerous insulin expressing cells that resemble protodifferentiated precursors of the fetal pancreas. However, islet mass of the TGF alpha transgenic mice was not increased. Pancreatic overexpression of gastrin from a chimeric insulin/gastrin transgene transcribed from the insulin promoter markedly decreased the TGF alpha-stimulated increase in pancreatic duct mass. Furthermore, pancreatic coexpression of both gastrin and TGF alpha significantly increased islet mass in mice expressing both transgenes. These findings indicate that TGF alpha and gastrin can act synergistically to stimulate islet growth, although neither peptide alone is sufficient. Islet growth may possibly be stimulated through gastrin promoting the differentiation of insulin-positive cells in the TGF alpha-induced metaplastic ducts. This transgenic study suggests that islet neogenesis can be reactivated in the ductular epithelium of the adult pancreas by local expression of two growth factors, gastrin and TGF alpha.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

In search of psychoanalytic technique: perspectives from on the couch and from behind the couch.

The author's experience as a patient in analysis with four different analysts is recounted. Similarities and differences in technique, especially with regard to overall analytic atmosphere, use of interpretation, reconstruction of childhood, dream interpretation, self-revelations of the analyst, and the way politics was discussed are compared. The author concludes that major differences in personality and temperament of the four analysts made a substantial difference in the experience of analysis. Finally, the author discusses whether such differences are indeed important, and in what sense we can speak of the place of analytic technique. Is it a body of teaching and practice that is aimed at minimizing the differences attributable to individual analysts' style and temperament, or is it a body of teaching and practice, still to be elaborated, that gives us a full and flexible account of how analysts actually function?

Dreams↗

PubMed1993

[Nizatidine in therapy and prevention of non-steroidal anti-rheumatic drug-induced ulcers in rheumatic patients].

269 patients with various rheumatic disorders who had been treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) for at least three weeks, were enrolled in this randomised double-blind multicenter trial. Entry criteria were both the presence of an ulcer in gastric and/or duodenal mucosa (> 3 mm and < 20 mm in diameter) as well as dyspeptic symptoms. The patients had been treated with 150 mg nizatidine nocte (n = 86), 2 x 150 mg/d (n = 93) and 2 x 300 mg/d (n = 90) nizatidine. All patients continued to take their original NSAID-medication. The three nizatidine-groups had been well matched with respect to important patient characteristics. After 8 weeks of treatment more than 90% of gastric and duodenal ulcers had been healed under all three nizatidine-dosages. There was a tendency for higher healing rates in case of gastric ulcers after 4 weeks following the higher dose of nizatidine. Erosions in stomach and duodenum as well as esophagitis had been improved to a similar degree with all nizatidine doses. The same holds with respect to improvement of clinical symptoms such as epigastric pain, heartburn etc. Consumption of additional antacids was similar in all three groups. In the subsequent prophylactic trial 237/221 patients had been followed for 3/6 months. 116/107 received in addition to their continued antirheumatic medication nizatidine 150 mg nocte and 121/114 patients 2 x 150 mg nizatidine daily. The cumulative relapse rates within 6 months averaged 5.5% in the low and 1.8% in the high dose group (n.s.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗

PubMed1993

[Circadian dependency of ibuprofen gastropathy and the protective effect of ranitidine. An endoscopic, controlled double-blind pilot study].

Circadian Dependency of Ibuprofen Gastropathy and Protective Effect of Ranitidine/An endoscopic, controlled double-blind pilot study. In a randomized parallel double-blind study, the gastric and duodenal effects of 600 mg S(+)-ibuprofen (CAS 15687-27-1) daily in the presence and absence of 300 mg ranitidine (CAS 66357-35-5) was evaluated in 20 healthy volunteers undergoing upper GI-endoscopy. Drugs were taken over a period of 7 days either at 8 a.m. (n = 10) or at 8 p.m. (n = 10). Endoscopic controls were performed at entry and repeated after 7 days of treatment. A damage score according to Lanza et al. was used. At entry both groups showed comparable mucosal damages. 8 a.m.-group: ibuprofen/placebo (stomach) 0.9 +/- 0.1 and 0.0 +/- 0.0 (duodenum); ibuprofen/ranitidine 0.8 +/- 0.1 (stomach) and 0.1 +/- 0.1 (duodenum). 8 p.m.-group: ibuprofen/placebo 0.9 +/- 0.1 (stomach) and 0.2 +/- 0.1 (duodenum); ibuprofen/ranitidine 0.9 +/- 0.1 (stomach) and 0.1 +/- 0.1 (duodenum). After 7 days of treatment the lesion score increased in the ibuprofen/placebo-group in the 8 a.m.-group to 3.2 +/- 1.2 (stomach) and to 0.7 +/- 0.5 (duodenum), and in the 8 p.m.-group to 8.4 +/- 1.9 (stomach) and to 2.9 +/- 1.2 (duodenum). The corresponding values in the ibuprofen/ranitidine-group were 1.8 +/- 0.8 (stomach) and 0.1 +/- 0.1 (duodenum) (8 a.m.-group) as well as 5.1 +/- 1.4 (stomach) and 0.1 +/- 0.1 (duodenum) (8 p.m.-group). The difference between the morning and the evening dose of ibuprofen as well as ranitidine protection reached statistical significance when the corresponding data were pooled (p < 0.05). Our data suggest that the gastrolesive effects of S(+)-ibuprofen are dependent of the time of drug ingestion; protection by ranitidine, however, was time-independent.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Cardiac natriuretic peptide hormones during artificial cardiac pacemaker stimulation and left heart catheterization.

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is synthesized and released predominantly in the ventricular myocardium whereas atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is produced mainly in the atria. This study evaluated whether artificial pacemaker stimulation or left heart catheterization results in specific changes in BNP and ANP plasma levels. Both BNP and ANP responded sensitively to changes in pacemaker stimulation (single-chamber pacemakers; pacing rates of 72 and 92/min) and during the left heart catheterization procedure. However, whereas higher pacing resulted in a more pronounced increase in plasma BNP levels, a stronger ANP release followed catheterization. This incongruous rise in ANP and BNP plasma concentrations points to at least partly independent mechanisms governing the release of BNP and ANP.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗

PubMed1992

Partial purification of 3 alpha- and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases from human hyperplastic prostate. Comparison between the two enzymes.

3 alpha-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 alpha-HSD) activity has been purified to homogeneity, the enzyme is a monomer with a Mw of 32,000 Da. 3 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) activity has been partially purified and has an apparent Mw of 30,000 Da. Both enzymes have the same cofactor requirements, optimal pH. However, 3 beta-HSD appeared to be an integral protein dependent on protein environment for its activity while 3 alpha-HSD activity is a protein more loosely associated to membranes.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗

PubMed1992

Pseudo-streaming potentials in Necturus gallbladder epithelium. I. Paracellular origin of the transepithelial voltage changes.

Apparent streaming potentials were elicited across Necturus gallbladder epithelium by addition or removal of sucrose from the apical bathing solution. In NaCl Ringer's solution, the transepithelial voltage (Vms) change (reference, basolateral solution) was positive with sucrose addition and negative with sucrose removal. Bilateral Cl- removal (cyclamate replacement) had no effect on the polarity or magnitude of the Vms change elicited by addition of 100 mM sucrose. In contrast, bilateral Na+ removal (tetramethylammonium [TMA+] replacement) inverted the Vms change (from 2.7 +/- 0.3 to -3.2 +/- 0.2 mV). Replacement of Na+ and Cl- with TMA+ and cyclamate, respectively, abolished the change in Vms. Measurements of cell membrane voltages and relative resistances during osmotic challenges indicate that changes in cell membrane parameters do not explain the transepithelial voltage changes. The initial changes in Vms were slower than expected from concomitant estimates of the time course of sucrose concentration (and hence osmolality) at the membrane surface. Paired recordings of the time courses of paracellular bi-ionic potentials (partial substitution of apical Na+ with tetrabutylammonium [TBA+]) revealed much faster time courses than those produced by sucrose addition, although the diffusion coefficients of sucrose and TBACl are similar. Hyperosmotic and hypoosmotic challenges yielded initial Vms changes at the same rate; thereafter, the voltage increased with hypoosmotic solution and decreased with hyperosmotic solution. These late voltage changes appear to result from changes in width of the lateral intercellular spaces. The early time courses of the Vms changes produced by osmotic challenge are inconsistent with the expectations for water-ion flux coupling in the junctions. We propose that they are pseudo-streaming potentials, i.e., junctional diffusion potentials caused by salt concentration changes in the lateral intercellular spaces secondary to osmotic water flow.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1992

Pseudo-streaming potentials in Necturus gallbladder epithelium. II. The mechanism is a junctional diffusion potential.

The mechanisms of apparent streaming potentials elicited across Necturus gallbladder epithelium by addition or removal of sucrose from the apical bathing solution were studied by assessing the time courses of: (a) the change in transepithelial voltage (Vms). (b) the change in osmolality at the cell surface (estimated with a tetrabutylammonium [TBA+]-selective microelectrode, using TBA+ as a tracer for sucrose), and (c) the change in cell impermeant solute concentration ([TMA+]i, measured with an intracellular double-barrel TMA(+)-selective microelectrode after loading the cells with TMA+ by transient permeabilization with nystatin). For both sucrose addition and removal, the time courses of Vms were the same as the time courses of the voltage signals produced by [TMA+]i, while the time courses of the voltage signals produced by [TBA+]o were much faster. These results suggest that the apparent streaming potentials are caused by changes of [NaCl] in the lateral intercellular spaces, whose time course reflects the changes in cell water volume (and osmolality) elicited by the alterations in apical solution osmolality. Changes in cell osmolality are slow relative to those of the apical solution osmolality, whereas lateral space osmolality follows cell osmolality rapidly, due to the large surface area of lateral membranes and the small volume of the spaces. Analysis of a simple mathematical model of the epithelium yields an apical membrane Lp in good agreement with previous measurements and suggests that elevations of the apical solution osmolality elicit rapid reductions in junctional ionic selectivity, also in good agreement with experimental determinations. Elevations in apical solution [NaCl] cause biphasic transepithelial voltage changes: a rapid negative Vms change of similar time course to that of a Na+/TBA+ bi-ionic potential and a slow positive Vms change of similar time course to that of the sucrose-induced apparent streaming potential. We conclude that the Vms changes elicited by addition of impermeant solute to the apical bathing solution are pseudo-streaming potentials, i.e., junctional diffusion potentials caused by salt concentration changes in the lateral intercellular spaces secondary to osmotic water flow from the cells to the apical bathing solution and from the lateral intercellular spaces to the cells. Our results do not support the notion of junctional solute-solvent coupling during transepithelial osmotic water flow.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1992

"Incest--see under Oedipus complex": the history of an error in psychoanalysis.

This paper is intended as a contribution to the understanding of errors in our field. The title refers to the index entries "incest" in several classic psychoanalytic texts. In a way that is analogous to the defenses utilized by survivors of incest, psychoanalysis has both known and not known, avowed and disavowed, the traumatic impact of actual incest. It is argued that psychoanalysis erred in (a) focusing too heavily on the implications of incest for the Oedipus complex instead of its implications for every stage of development, and (b) missing out on the full and detailed description of the clinical pictures of incest victims and of treatment issues, including transference and countertransference. The author presents an overview of the history prompted by Masson's original attack on Freud for abandoning the "seduction hypothesis." Topics covered are: Freud's early papers, the Freud-Ferenczi controversy (1932), and the state of psychoanalytic awareness in the 1960's of the importance of actual incest. Certain features of our field make it all too likely that new errors can be generated that may similarly take decades to recognize and undo. These include the politics of our discipline, and negative attitudes toward systematic gathering and assessment of evidence.

Austria↗

PubMed1992

Adaptation and renewal of the endocrine stomach.

At present at least seven different endocrine cell types have been identified in the stomach. According to their relative frequency and secretion products the antral gastrin producing G cell and somatostatin producing D cell and the fundic histamine producing ECL cell are the best characterized cell types. Total endocrine cell mass is controlled by various factors from inside and outside the stomach. Density of antral G and D cells depends on the presence and absence of food, on the antral pH and on additional humoral and/or neural factors. Gastrin and not gastric pH has been identified as the most important factor regulating the density of fundic ECL cells. Adaptation of gastric endocrine cells to gastric pH and to the presence, abundance or absence of humoral and neural regulators are well known phenomena though only partially understood. Antral G cells increase and antral D cells decrease during long-term achlorhydria which as a consequence leads to hypergastrinaemia. Examples are pernicious anaemia in man and drug-induced acid suppression under experimental conditions. Interestingly, achlorhydria-induced G cell hyperplasia never progresses to gastrinomas. Fundic ECL cell density increases markedly in the presence of long-lasting hypergastrinaemia independently of gastric pH. In contrast to G cells ECL cell hyperplasia may progress to rarely occurring ECLomas. However, this depends on additional conditioning factors as the presence of severe atrophic gastritis as in pernicious anaemia or a specific genetic trait present in patients with gastrinomas associated with the MEN I syndrome.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1992

[Protective effect of ranitidine in the stomach and duodenum against piroxicam. An endoscopy controlled double-blind study].

Protective Effects of Ranitidine in Stomach and Duodenum against Piroxicam / An endoscopically controlled double-blind study In a randomized parallel double-blind study the gastroduodenal effects of 20 mg piroxicam (CAS 36322-90-4) daily in the presence and absence of 300 mg ranitidine nocte was evaluated in 28 healthy volunteers undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Drugs were taken over a period of 14 days. Endoscopic controls were performed at entry, and repeated after 7 and 14 days of treatment. A damaging score according to Lanza et al. was used. At entry, both groups displayed comparable mucosal damages in the stomach (0.9 +/- 0.1) and in the duodenum (0.4 +/- 0.2). After 14 days the mean lesion score increased in the piroxicam/placebo group to 6.3 +/- 1.6 in the stomach and to 4.0 +/- 1.4 in the duodenum. The corresponding values in the piroxicam/ranitidine group were 3.4 +/- 1.0 (stomach) and 0.4 +/- 0.2 (duodenum). This protection afforded by ranitidine was significant when compared with placebo (p < 0.05). Our data suggest that 300 mg ranitidine at night markedly protect the stomach and the duodenum against piroxicam.

Adult↗