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Biomedical subjects

B Simon

Publications and source records attributed to B Simon.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

In vivo interactions between H2-receptor antagonists and ethanol metabolism in man and in rats.

The influence of a 7-day medication of either cimetidine (1,000 mg per day) or ranitidine (300 mg per day) on serum ethanol concentrations after a single oral dose of ethanol (0.8 gm per kg body weight) was investigated in a randomized placebo-controlled study in eight male volunteers. Compared with the placebo, cimetidine but not ranitidine produced a significant increase in both the peak serum ethanol concentration (85.9 +/- 3.5 vs. 73.0 +/- 3.2 mg dl-1, p less than 0.02) and in the area under the serum ethanol concentration time curve (350 +/- 19 vs. 304 +/- 25 mg dl-1 hr-1, p less than 0.05). However, the ethanol elimination rate was not affected by cimetidine. When ethanol (1.0 gm per kg body weight) was administered intravenously, cimetidine failed to induce a change in ethanol metabolism. Furthermore, the effect of H2-receptor antagonists was studied in animal experiments. Female Sprague-Dawley rats received a single dose of ethanol (7 or 3 gm per kg body weight) together with an intraperitoneal injection of either cimetidine (120 mg per kg body weight), ranitidine (120 mg per kg body weight) or isotonic saline. After alcohol absorption, ethanol elimination was significantly inhibited by both cimetidine (3.99 +/- 0.39 vs. 5.68 +/- 0.23 mmoles kg-1 hr-1, p less than 0.02) and ranitidine (4.21 +/- 0.14 vs. 5.68 +/- 0.23 mmoles kg-1 hr-1, p less than 0.02) at high ethanol concentrations (60 to 20 mM) but not at blood ethanol concentrations below 20 mM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reduced left ventricular size and endocardial fibroelastosis as correlates of mortality in newborns and young infants with severe aortic valve stenosis.

30 patients with severe aortic valve stenosis presented in severe congestive heart failure within the first 2 months of life. In 25 of them, left ventricular volume and contractility were assessed; five of them had a left ventricle of normal size, in 11 left ventricular size was diminished, and in nine patients it was enlarged. Eleven of the infants had extensive endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) evidenced angiographically by myocardial sinusoids in ten of them and established at autopsy in six. The presence of EFE correlated with the size of the left ventricle; eight of 11 with a small left ventricle, two of five with a normal-sized left ventricle, and one of nine with an enlarged left ventricle displayed EFE. The severe depression of left ventricular function associated with EFE was documented by left ventricular volume determinations on exclusion of the myocardial sinusoids. Of 30 patients, 12 (including eight of 26 who underwent surgery) did not survive. Mortality, severity, and early onset of symptoms were associated mainly with small size of the left ventricle and with the severe left ventricular dysfunction associated with EFE.

Aortic Valve Stenosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative endoscopic study of gastroduodenal tolerance of piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin vs piroxicam].

The gastroduodenal tolerability of piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrine was evaluated in a double-blind, parallel group study in 32 healthy male volunteers. The doses used were 20 mg piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin vs 20 mg piroxicam daily over a period of 14 days. Gastric tolerability was assessed by using upper endoscopy. Gastroscopy was performed at base-line and after the dosing period of 14 days. The mucosal lesions were scored using modified Lanza criteria. In comparison to piroxicam, piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrine was significantly better tolerated after a 14 day dosing period. Mean gastric-duodenal score: Piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrine 3 +/- 4 (median 1), piroxicam 6 +/- 4 (median 8). The score values for the stomach were for piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin 2 +/- 3 (median 1) and for piroxicam 4 +/- 3 (median 6). The corresponding values for the duodenal bulb 2 +/- 4 (median 0) and 4 +/- 5 (median 0), respectively. Both drugs averaged were generally well tolerated. In summary, piroxicam-beta-cyclodextrin given as a 20 mg single oral morning-dose over a 14-day period was significantly better tolerated than piroxicam 20 mg with regard to gastroduodenal damage.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of ethanol-intoxicated patients with minor head trauma requiring computed tomography scans.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether clinical parameters and neurologic scores can be used to guide the decision to obtain computed tomography (CT) head scans for ethanol- intoxicated patients with presumed-minor head injuries. METHODS: In a prospective cohort analysis, 107 consecutive adult patients who presented to a county emergency department (ED) with serum ethanol levels >80 mg/dL and minor head trauma were studied. Commonly used clinical variables were determined for each patient. Each patient also underwent an abbreviated neurologic scoring examination and a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score evaluation at the time of presentation and one hour later, after which a cranial CT scan was done. For purposes of analysis, patients with and patients without intracerebral injuries visible on CT scans of the head were compared. RESULTS: Nine of 107 patients (8.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.9-15.4%) had CT scans that were positive for intracerebral injury. Two patients (1.9%; 95% CI = 0.2-6.6%) needed craniotomy. Five patients had hemotympanum and two patients had bilateral periorbital ecchymosis, but CT scans were negative for intracerebral injury in these patients. There was no statistically significant difference between the patients with and without CT scan abnormalities, based on the clinical variables, the GCS scores, or the abbreviated neurologic scoring examinations at presentation or at one hour. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of intracerebral injury in CT scans of ethanol-intoxicated patients with minor head injuries was 8.4%. Commonly used clinical parameters and neurologic scores at presentation and one hour later were unable to predict which patients would have intracerebral injuries and evidenced by CT scans. Our low (1.9%) neurosurgical intervention rate supports the need to develop a selective approach to CT scanning in this population.

Adult↗