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Biomedical subjects

B Shrestha

Publications and source records attributed to B Shrestha.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Prevalence of HBV infection among the healthy Nepalese males: a serological survey.

Sera from 478 healthy Nepalese male population, inhabiting various districts of five development regions of Nepal were collected from October 1996 to March 1997 and examined for the presence of HBsAg by third generation ELISA and Latex agglutination test in the laboratory of Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur. The surface antigen was detected by ELISA in 4.0% (19/478) of subjects studied. However, different results were obtained in Latex agglutination test. The correlation between the results obtained from these two different tests is statistically significant (chi2=85.11, P<0.05). The results obtained from ELISA showed the probability of Nepal to fall in WHO category of intermediate endemicity zone for hepatitis B infection. The percent positivity of HBsAg was found to increase steadily from Eastern (2%) to Far Western (6.2%) development regions. Among the districts studied, Kailali district gave characteristically high prevalence followed by Rukum and Kaski. Other, districts representing for the prevalence are Sankhuwasabha, Jhapa, Ramechhap, Sarlahi, Dhanusa, Baglung, Gulmi, Palpa and Dang. None of the samples represented from Kathmandu valley were positive for HBsAg. The age groups of 16-20 years and 36-40 years were found to be associated with the hepatitis B infection. Furthermore, various percent prevalence of the infection were encountered from 16 to 40 years subjects and a single case was also observed from 63 years old man. All the samples recorded positive for HBsAg from ELISA were assayed for the amount of ALT as a liver function test. Where, 15.8% (3/19) of the infected subjects had impaired liver function, hence it showed that, the subjects with high ALT to be the possible carrier of the HBV. Conversely, the remaining 84.2% (16/19) of the total HBsAg positive subjects were concluded to have the infection either at incubation or at prodrome period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and molecular study of well differentiated adenocarcinomas of the lung predominantly composed of goblet cells.

In order to clarify the morphological and biological characteristics of well differentiated adenocarcinoma of the lung predominantly composed of goblet cells (WDAG), histopathological examinations, including some molecular biological procedures, were carried out using 42 surgical specimens of primary lung carcinoma which were predominantly (>50% of the total cell population) or totally composed of goblet cells. The subjects included 19 men and 21 women, ranging in age from 41 to 81 (mean 60 years old) with predominantly nodular, peripherally located lesions. Ultrastructural examination revealed characteristic apical microvillous filamentous core rootless (AFCR) in some, but not all, cases. Histologically, these AFCR corresponded well with structures stained by phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH). The goblet cells of WDAG were divided into PTAH-positive (26 cases) and -negative (16 cases) groups. The PTAH-positive group had larger tumor size, greater number of intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary metastases and shorter disease-free interval. The immunoexpression of p53 protein (60%) and rate of K-ras point mutation (84%) were also higher in the PTAH-positive group. Therefore the goblet cell population of WDAG, though it may appear morphologically homogeneous under light microscopy, is actually composed of heterogeneous groups of cells with different histopathological characteristics and biological behavior.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

Influence of E-cadherin dysfunction upon local invasion and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer.

E-Cadherin (ECD), a transmembrane cell adhesion molecule, is associated with three kinds of cytoplasmic proteins (alpha-catenin, beta-catenin and plakoglobin), and formation of the cadherin-catenins adhesion complex is indispensable for tight cell-to-cell adhesion in adherence junctions. There is a high possibility that dysfunction of ECD reflects increased potential for local invasion and distant metastasis. We investigated the relationship between the expression of cadherin-catenin adhesion complex and the clinicopathological features in 81 cases of non-small cell lung cancer. There were statistically significant relationships between the expression of ECD and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.016) and between the expression of ECD and pathological stage (P = 0.006). Reduction of alpha-catenin expression was associated with local invasion and pathological stage. Dividing the 81 cases into two groups based on ECD function revealed a statistically significant relationship between ECD function and all clinicopathological factors investigated (local tumor invasion P = 0.033, lymph node metastasis P<0.001, pathological stage P<0.001). Evaluation of ECD function using the expression of cadherin-catenin adhesion complex is useful to evaluate tumor malignancy of non-small cell lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Photon dose equivalent rate from a cylindrical source using a point kernel technique.

The photon dose equivalent rate as a function of distance from a cylindrical source was calculated using a point kernel technique in the energy range 0.3-5 MeV. Buildup factors for a single medium were those given by the geometric progression formula. The buildup factor for the whole geometry was considered as that from a multilayer shield represented by the Broder formula with two corrections applied to it: the first for finite shield and the second for the contribution of the last layer as given by Kitazume. The accuracy of this algorithm was tested by performing a MCNP (General Purpose Monte Carlo Code for Neutral Particle Transport) calculation for the same source and comparing the two sets of results. The conclusion is that the point kernel technique, with the corrections mentioned above included, gives results that agree with those obtained by using MCNP in most cases to within 10%. Therefore, the method presented here is adequate for performing a dose equivalent rate computation as the effort for using it is much smaller than that needed using the MCNP code.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1996

Reduced dose OKT3 prophylaxis in sensitised kidney recipients.

Prophylactic use of the monoclonal antibody OKT3 has been studied for the prevention of rejection in sensitised renal transplant recipients. Patients receiving a full dose (FD) regimen were compared to a subsequent consecutive group of patients receiving a reduced dose (RD) regimen. The characteristics of the two groups were not significantly different with regard to age, HLA mismatch and panel-reactive antibody (PRA) status. The number of days that OKT3 was given was 12.9 +/- 1.8 for the FD regimen and 11.3 +/- 2.8 for the RD regimen. The total dose of OKT3 given was 64.4 +/- 9 mg (FD) and 38.3 +/- 8.5 mg (RD). Patient survival at 12 months was 8/8 for FD and 17/17 for RD. Graft survival at 12 months was 7/8 for FD and 17/17 for RD. Creatinine at 24 months was 185 +/- 68 and 201 +/- 81 mumol/l for FD and RD, respectively. A reduced dose regimen of OKT3 produced excellent and comparable results to the standard recommended full-dose regimen. The cost per patient was reduced 40% from 5676 pounds for FD to 3344 pounds for RD.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Directly observed intermittent short-course chemotherapy in the Kathmandu valley.

SETTING: Within the national tuberculosis control programme in Nepal, cure rates of only 30%-40% were achieved using standard chemotherapy. High cure rates are particularly difficult to achieve in the Kathmandu valley, because of the mobility of the population and the large numbers of private practitioners. Short-course chemotherapy (SCC) was not used in tuberculosis (TB) control programmes in Nepal before 1991. Therefore we started our pilot programme with a fully supervised, intermittent SCC regimen. In addition we established a mycobacteriological laboratory for routine culture and susceptibility tests. OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to demonstrate the high effectiveness of a three-times weekly SCC regimen and the feasibility of directly observed treatment (DOT). DESIGN: In our new out-patient department we put all active TB patients under SCC. The duration of therapy was 9 months or longer, depending upon bacteriological and radiological needs. The results were well recorded and evaluated by central supervision. Outcome of treatment was recorded at 24-48 months. RESULTS: From January 1990 to December 1993, 771 pulmonary TB patients (618 new cases and 153 old cases) commenced treatment. Of these, 645 (84%) were cured or completed treatment, 84 (11%) defaulted, 15 (2%) died, 15 (2%) were treatment failures and 12 (3.0%) relapsed. CONCLUSION: Directly observed intermittent SCC is highly cost-effective. The results of our service programme showed that it is possible to introduce such a regimen in an urban area of Nepal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Effective antiviral prophylaxis and therapy by systemic application of human interferon in immunosuppressed monkeys.

Rhesus monkeys treated with antilymphocytic globulin were infected with vaccinia virus or with Medical Lake macaque Herpesvirus. At the sites of inoculation of vaccinia virus, animals not treated with interferon developed typical pustulous reactions and then smaller secondary lesions. Human leukocyte interferon (5 X 10(5) international units per day) injected intramuscularly, either from one day before to three days after infection or for seven days beginning on the first day of primary reaction, suppressed the development of secondary lesions but did not influence the primary reaction. Infection with Herpesvirus caused a vesicular rash similar to that of human varicella. Through prophylactic treatment with human leukocyte interferon, the disease was completely averted in two of four monkeys, and in the other two the rash was delayed. Therapy initiated when the first lesions appeared prevented the enlargement and generalization of lesions in all of four monkeys. Formation of serum antibodies was only slightly influenced by human leukocyte interferon. The results suggest that systemic treatment with interferon, begun either prophylactically or therapeutically with the first symptoms, can be effective in immunosuppressed patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[The effect of human leukocyte interteron (HIF) on experimental viral keratitis in monkeys (author's transl)].

12 african green monkeys were inoculated in both eyes with herpes simplex virus typ 1 and 16 rhesus monkeys with vaccinia virus. The right eyes were treated with human leukocyte interferon (HIF) while the left eyes served as controls and showed the typical keratitis, 7 out of 8 herpes eyes and all 9 vaccinia eyes which were treated prophylactically or simultaneiously with HIF showed no signs of disease. When HIF was given later in the course of the infection the keratitis was either little influenced or not modified at all. The reasons are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection amongst healthy Nepalese males.

Sera from 478 healthy Nepalese males, inhabiting various districts of five development regions of Nepal were collected from October 1996 to March 1997 and examined for the presence of HBsAg by third generation ELISA and latex agglutination test in the laboratory of Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur. The surface antigen was detected by ELISA in 4% (19/478) of subjects studied. However, different results were obtained in Latex agglutination test. The correlation between the results obtained from these two different tests is statistically significant (X2 = 85.11, P < 0.05). The results obtained from ELISA showed the probability of Nepal to fall in WHO category of intermediate endemicity zone for hepatitis B infection. The percent positivity of HBsAg was found to increase steadily from Eastern (2%) to Far Western (6%) development regions. None of the samples represented from Kathmandu valley were positive for HBsAg. Hepatitis B infection was present in the age groups of 16-20 years and 36-40 years. The levels of ALT were assayed in all samples recorded positive for HBsAg from ELISA. Sixteen percent (3/19) of the infected subjects had raised ALT levels while 84% (16/19) had normal levels.

Adolescent↗