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Biomedical subjects

B Scott

Publications and source records attributed to B Scott.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Further investigation of the effect of chronic ethanol on the electric membrane properties of adult DRG neurons in cell culture.

Neural cell cultures were used to investigate the effects of acute and chronic ethanol exposure on electric membrane properties (EMP) of adult mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. These results in combination with results from additional experiments involving chronic exposure to hyposomotic medium provided further support for the hypothesis that the abnormal EMP caused by chronic ethanol exposure involved neuronal membrane adaptation to an ethanol-induced membrane expansion.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1985

Chronic exposure to lead causes persistent alterations in the electric membrane properties of neurons in cell culture.

The effects of chronic lead (Pb) exposure on neuronal electric membrane properties (EMP) were determined using neural cell cultures of adult mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Cultures were exposed to Pb concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 microM for 12 days (8 DIV to 20 DIV). EMP were determined in Pb-free medium either immediately after withdrawal (IWD), or 6 days after withdrawal (6WD) from Pb. For IWD, regression analysis indicated that a number of EMP varied significantly with increasing Pb concentration. The largest such change occurred for electrical excitability which decreased significantly with increasing Pb (P = 0.000), being reduced by approximately two-thirds for neurons exposed to 100 microM Pb; resting membrane potential increased with Pb (P = 0.000); membrane time constant decreased with Pb (P = 0.007); action potential afterhyperpolarization decreased with Pb (P = 0.023). There was also evidence that the time course of action potentials was accelerated with increasing Pb concentrations, the rate of fall of neurons with biphasic falling phases being particularly increased (P = 0.047). This general pattern of altered EMP was observed for the 6WD condition also, indicating that chronic exposure to Pb caused persistent abnormalities in neuronal membranes even after 6 days of cultivation in Pb-free medium. The patterns of alterations in EMP suggested that chronic Pb exposure caused a prolonged increase in potassium permeability. It was proposed that the latter was mediated through a Pb-induced increase in intracellular ionic calcium and the associated disruption of calcium homeostasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Membranous glomerulonephritis in a patient with Crohn's disease of the small bowel.

A 12-year-old girl presented with concurrent onset of membranous glomerulonephritis and Crohn's disease of the small intestine. Subsequent investigations failed to implicate any other systemic disease as a cause of the glomerulonephritis. Membranous glomerulonephritis is an immune complex--mediated glomerulopathy frequently associated with underlying systemic disease. The association of immune complex phenomenon with Crohn's disease and the variation of renal abnormalities in parallel with activity of bowel disease in this patient suggest that the glomerulonephritis may be due to the underlying Crohn's disease.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Psychological treatment of tinnitus. An experimental group study.

Twenty-four patients with moderately severe (grade 2) to severe (grade 3) subjective tinnitus participated in an experimental group study. The patients were randomly assigned to a treatment group and a waiting-list control group. Treatment was given with a coping technique and comprised 10 one-hour sessions. Following a corresponding period without treatment, the control group was treated similarly. Daily self-recording of the subjective tinnitus loudness, the discomfort from the tinnitus, depression and irritation was performed before and after treatment. In addition, psychoacoustic measurement was undertaken on three occasions. The treatment group improved significantly more than the waiting-list control group. After treatment of the latter group, combined data of both groups showed statistically significant improvements in all variables. The results show that tinnitus annoyance can be treated by psychological methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Tinnitus--incidence and handicap.

A questionnaire investigation, comprising 1091 patients, was conducted at a hearing centre. A majority of patients, 59%, claimed that they were troubled by tinnitus. A strong correlation was found between the laterality of tinnitus and that of subjective hearing loss. Neither a greater degree of hearing loss nor a longer duration of tinnitus was shown to be associated with more severe tinnitus. Among patients with both subjective hearing loss and tinnitus, 23% stated that tinnitus was the greater problem and 38% that their tinnitus and hearing loss were equally troublesome. The corresponding figures for patients with hearing impairment of such a degree that a hearing aid had been fitted were 9% and 41% respectively. Stress symptoms such as headache, tension of facial muscles and sleep disturbances were correlated to tinnitus. Psychosomatic complaints should therefore be taken into account in the treatment of tinnitus. Of patients with tinnitus, 83% were interested in obtaining treatment for their tinnitus. It is postulated that the previously reported predominance of left-sided tinnitus is due to a higher frequency of left-sided hearing impairment. A majority of patients with tinnitus and hearing impairment regarded their tinnitus as the major problem. Efforts towards investigation and treatment of tinnitus might therefore considerably improve the prospects for hearing rehabilitation.

Hearing Aids↗
PubMed1983

Who is the primary physician?

Several studies have concluded that specialists form a hidden system for primary-care delivery. However, these studies assume that a specialist who provides the majority of care is the primary-care physician. Using data for a one-year period from 2752 people enrolled in the Rand Health Insurance Experiment, we examined the validity of this conclusion. We compared the effects of three different definitions of a primary-care physician on identification of the primary-care provider: the physician who delivered the "majority of care" (34 per cent were specialists), the physician designated by the patient to receive the results of a multiphasic-screening examination (12 per cent were specialists), and the physician who treated common problems (9 per cent were specialists). Use of the "majority-of-care" criterion to define primary care overestimated by threefold the contribution specialists make to this activity. Definitions of a primary-care physician must be more specific and should include the tasks frequently associated with primary care, as well as patients' perceptions of the physician who provides their primary care.

Appointments and Schedules↗
PubMed1982

Glutamine metabolism in metabolic acidosis.

In chronic metabolic acidosis in the rat, there is increased ammoniagenesis, gluconeogenesis and renal extraction of glutamine with induction of renal phosphate-dependent glutaminase (PDG). Because the stimulus for these changes is not yet clear and also because acute acidosis is the more common clinical problem, the present study deals mainly with the metabolism of glutamine in acute metabolic acidosis. When acute metabolic acidosis is produced in rats by administration of mineral acid or by causing them to swim, thus inducing a severe lactic acidosis, a factor is found in the plasma which stimulates renal glutamine uptake and ammoniagenesis in vivo as well as in vitro. Acute acidosis does not induce synthesis of PDG in the kidney but causes a change in enzyme kinetics. The plasma factor not only enhances glutamine entry into cells, but apparently causes a conformational change in PDG, as shown by an increase in V1.0mM/Vmax. Intestinal metabolism of glutamine is also stimulated in vivo and in vitro by the plasma factor of acute acidosis.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1982

Starch blockers.

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Blood Glucose↗