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Biomedical subjects

B Scott

Publications and source records attributed to B Scott.

173 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

False aneurysm of the axillary artery following brachial plexus block.

Brachial plexus blockade is a commonly used technique for providing surgical anesthesia for the upper extremity. Although various approaches have been described, the axillary approach is the safest and most frequently used. Most complications associated with axillary nerve block are related to local or systemic anesthetic toxicity, bleeding, infection, and nerve damage. A case of false aneurysm of the axillary artery following axillary nerve block is reported. The possible occurrence of this complication should be kept in mind to avoid permanent neurologic sequelae.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of nucleic acids by cycling probe technology on magnetic particles: high sensitivity and ease of separation.

Cycling Probe Technology (CPT) is a signal amplification system that allows detection of nucleic acid target sequences without target amplification. CPT employs a sequence specific chimeric probe, typically DNA-RNA-DNA, which hybridizes to a complementary target DNA sequence and becomes a substrate for RNase H. Cleavage occurs at the RNA internucleotide linkages and results in dissociation of the probe from the target, thereby making it available for the next probe molecule. This communication describes the use of oligonucleotides attached to solid supports for target capture and release followed by solution and solid phase cycling. Through the attachment of chimeric probes to Sera-Mag magnetic particles (SMP) a simple and effective method of separating the cleaved probe from non-cycled probe has been developed. By capturing the target DNA on particles and separating it from the extraneous non-specific DNA we are able to dramatically reduce background and thus discriminate between samples of Methicillin Resistant (MRSA) and Methicillin Sensitive (MSSA) Staphylococcus Aureus. We conjugated oligonucleotide probes to SMPs (approximately 1 um) and Nylon beads (NB) which were coated with ID Biomedical's proprietary coating materials (R, patent pending). The general structure of the constructs is shown below: [table: see text]

Magnetics↗
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Psychological profile and somatic complaints between help-seeking and non-help-seeking tinnitus subjects.

In a three-group comparison, a tinnitus help-seeking group (TH) was compared on a number of different psychological measures with a tinnitus non-help-seeking group (TNH) and matched control subjects. The authors address the difference in reports of somatic complaints between the tinnitus help seekers and the other groups. The TH group showed increased scores on all psychological and somatic scales. The TNH group scores were more similar to those of the control subjects than the TH group.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Control and dispositional style among the hearing-impaired in communication situations.

Forty hearing-impaired subjects were exposed to three stressful communication situations in a laboratory setting. The communication patterns used and the extent to which the subjects succeeded in coping with the situations were studied. Measures, such as the life orientation test measuring dispositional style, a hearing questionnaire measuring the ability to cope with different hearing situations, degree of control and pure-tone audiometry were performed. Coping behaviour and expressed emotion during communication situations were also observed. The results showed that controllability together with dispositional style and aspects of expressed emotion played an important role in explaining the overall success rates of hearing-impaired individuals.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dispositional optimism, dysphoria, health, and coping with hearing impairment in elderly adults.

Sixty-eight elderly hearing impaired subjects were interviewed and completed self-report measures on hearing disability, dispositional optimism, dysphoria, and general health. The measures used were the Hearing Coping Assessment (HCA), the Hearing Questions (HQ), the Life Orientation Test (LOT), The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and a subscale from the Göteborg Quality of Life (GQL). Psychometric analyses of HCA, HQ, LOT, BDI, and GQL revealed high reliability in terms of Cronbach's Alpha and split-half r's. Significant intercorrelations were found between several measures, but not with pure-tone audiometry (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 kHz). Cluster analysis was used to identify subgroups in the sample. As a result three clusters were identified interpreted as 'high copers', 'copers with moderate psychological and somatic complaints', and 'low copers'. Results from the cluster analyses were confirmed by using two different clustering methods and by between-cluster comparisons on the HQ, which had not been used to obtain the clusters.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dietary fat consumption in a cohort of American adults, 1985-1991: covariates, secular trends, and compliance with guidelines.

PURPOSE: To examine compliance with the guideline for dietary fat (i.e., 30% of total daily colonies) and covariates of fat intake in a cohort of adults using both 24-hour recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). DESIGN: Prospective, observational cohort study over 5 years. SETTING: Community-based sample in Reno, Nevada. SUBJECTS: Equal numbers of male and female, lean and overweight adults (n = 508), recruited from 1985 to 1986, of whom 348 completed all relevant surveys. MEASURES: Subjects underwent repeated anthropometric measures and completed extensive surveys on diet, weight cycling, lifestyle, and physical activity. RESULTS: Mean fat intake by 24-hour recall declined from 36.9% to 33.6% of calories between years 1 and 5 (p < .001), while calorie intake increased (p = .2). As measured by FFQ at year 2, mean fat intake was 39.1% of calories, and only 11.8% of subjects were in compliance with the guideline for dietary fat intake. Fat intake by FFQ at year 2 was statistically higher than by 24-hour recall in year 1 for lean women (p = .02) and lean men (p = .02), but not for the overweight of either gender, and was significantly higher than the year 5 24-hour recall for all categories of gender and weight (p < .001). Calorie intake, gender, and body mass index were significant in regression models that explained less than 10% of total variability in fat intake (r2 = .08; p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Compliance with the nationally recommended level of dietary fat intake was poor in this cohort, especially as measured by FFQ. Variability in fat intake was largely unexplained by host characteristics, including education. Further study is required to corroborate secular trends in population fat intake, elucidate the determinants of such intake, and identify cost-effective strategies for reducing the consumption of dietary fat.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitation of volatile oils in ground cumin by supercritical fluid extraction and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.

Ground cumin is used as a flavoring agent in a number of ethnic cuisines. The chemical entities, which primarily establish its characteristically pungent flavor, are found in the volatile oil of cumin. Fixed oils and carbohydrates tend to round out the harshness of the volatile oil components. However, the quantity of volatile oil is commonly the measure of the quality of this spice. For several decades, the spice industry has used a classical distillation procedure for the determination of volatile oil in cumin and other spices. However, the method is cumbersome and requires nearly 8 h to complete. Supercritical fluid extraction with capillary gas chromatography-flame ionization detection is utilized in the formulation of a rapid, accurate, and specific method for the determination of volatile oil in ground cumin. Samples are extracted in a static-dynamic mode with CO2 at 550 bar and 100 degrees C. Toluene is used as a static modifier addition. The extracted volatile oil, collected in toluene, is analyzed directly using tetradecane as the internal standard. Integration is performed as grouped peaks to include all chemical entities found in cumin volatile oil recovered from the official distillation procedure. Results from this procedure compare favorably with those obtained by the official procedure (coefficient of correlation = 0.995, 24 samples).

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intranasal lidocaine for treatment of migraine: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of intranasal lidocaine for treatment of acute migraine headache. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Community urgent care department. PATIENTS: A total of 81 patients (67 women and 14 men; median age, 42 years; range, 19-68 years) with a chief complaint of headache who fulfilled criteria of the International Headache Society for migraine participated. Patients were excluded if headache had lasted more than 3 days or if the frequency of severe headache was more than once per week. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive a 4 percent solution of intranasal lidocaine or saline placebo, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was at least 50 percent reduction of headache within 15 minutes after treatment. Secondary measures include reduction in nausea and photophobia, use of rescue medication, relapse of headache, and change in headache disability scores. RESULTS: Of 53 patients who received intranasal lidocaine, 29 (55 percent) had at least a 50 percent reduction of headache compared with 6 (21 percent) of 28 controls (P=.004). Nausea and photophobia were significantly reduced (P=.03 and P=.001, respectively). Rescue medication for headache relief was needed in 15 (28 percent) of 53 patients in the lidocaine group vs 20 (71 percent) of 28 controls (P<.001). Among those with initial relief of headache, relapse of headache occurred in 10 (42 percent) of 24 in the lidocaine group vs 5 (83 percent) of 6 in the control group (P=.17), usually within the first hour after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Intranasal lidocaine provides rapid relief of headache in approximately 55 percent of ambulatory patients with migraine. Relapse of headache is common and occurs early after treatment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of managed care in pharmacy.

Implementation of managed care results in decreased reimbursement, decreased use of specialty services, and consolidation of providers. With these changes, pharmacy services have been affected in all settings. However, pharmacists do have opportunities to implement change in this new health care environment. Employee compensation usually represents over half of hospital expenses and is therefore often the target of efforts to decrease costs. For pharmacy, this translates to increased automation and expanded technician responsibilities. In response to these changes, pharmacists have broadened their scope of responsibility to improve drug use, with the goal of decreasing drug-related hospitalizations and providing quality care at a reasonable cost.

Managed Care Programs↗