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Biomedical subjects

B Schulz

Publications and source records attributed to B Schulz.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Nutrient intake and food consumption of adolescents and young adults with phenylketonuria.

Food and nutrient intake was assessed in 99 PKU patients (12-29 years old) by two food protocols (7 days and 4 days, respectively). Ninety-three patients completed at least one 7-day food record and 83 both records. Nineteen of 93 patients had already stopped taking the phenylalanine-free amino acid mixture (AAM), which is enriched with vitamins, minerals and trace elements. Plasma phenylalanine levels in this group were significantly higher than in patients who were still taking the AAM. Even without the AAM, protein intake still met the recommendations, but thiamin, riboflavin, folate, calcium and iron levels were below 80% of the US RDA in most patients. For those still taking the AAM, calorie, protein, vitamin and mineral intakes were above the recommendations. The diet was characterized by a low intake of fiber (median 14 (range 8-35) g/day), fat (27 (10-47) cal%) and cholesterol (75 (13-417) mg/day) as well as a high ratio of polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids (0.7 (0.2-2.4)). Problems with dietary compliance in adolescents and young adults may lead to a combination of marginal nutrient intake and high phenylalanine levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Electronic data processing in nursing: specific needs related to rostering programs in nursing].

Electronic data processing is taking over in the nursing domain in German hospitals. This is due, not only to the fact that computer hard- and software are getting better and cheaper, but also due to the legal demands of the new health legislation. Neither nurse-managers nor the nurses themselves are adequately prepared for this technical innovation or its implications. The dominant influence of management-interests leads to the danger that criteria relevant to the content of nursing fail to be taken into account. Consequently the quality of care may suffer. The Ministry for environment, energy, youth, family and health has commissioned the Agnes Karll Institute for Nursing Research to identify software features specific for the requirement of nurses. The study focuses on rostering programs for nursing staff allocation, in relation to the workload and on conditions which have to be met to make software nurse-friendly. Selected, important results are reported.

Germany↗
PubMed1995

Self organizing maps for the analysis of high resolution ECG in acute myocardial infarction.

An approach for an all-embracing ECG signal analysis is introduced. Self organizing maps are applied to spatial high resolution multilead ECG (body surface ECG) recorded during the acute phase of myocardial infarction to detect characteristic changes. The algorithm deals with the measurement of similarity between different pathological signal types. In opposition to other techniques, the whole ECG-signal coded as a feature vector is used as input for the self organizing map. The results show that this approach is suitable for handling unsharp class transitions common to several problems from the medical domain.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

Isolation and characterization of P-type H(+)-ATPase genes from potato.

H(+)-ATPase cDNAs were identified in a potato leaf library using an Arabidopsis gene as a probe. Based on their sequences, the clones could be grouped into at least two classes. A similar classification was obtained from the analysis of sequence data from four tobacco genes. Both potato genes are expressed in all tissues analysed, higher levels of expression were found in leaves and stem than in roots and tubers. For both genes, no significant differences in level of expression could be detected under a variety of conditions such as cold treatment, anaerobiosis, sucrose induction or treatment with a synthetic cytokinin. Only 2,4-D and prolonged periods of darkness lead to a slight reduction in mRNA levels. The reduction in darkness was compensated after transfer of the plants back into the light. Expression of the ATPase genes remained constant in transgenic plants which are inhibited in phloem loading due to antisense inhibition of the sucrose transporter. On the other hand, expression of the sucrose transporter is inducible by auxin and cytokinin but not by sucrose. Taken together, these data suggest that at least the two plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase genes analysed are rather constant in their expression and that either other genes respond to external stimuli or that most of the regulation occurs at the posttranscriptional level.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Antisense repression of the chloroplast triose phosphate translocator affects carbon partitioning in transgenic potato plants.

The major chloroplast envelope membrane protein E29 is central for the communication between chloroplasts and cytosol. It has been identified as the triose phosphate translocator (TPT) exporting the primary products of the Calvin cycle (i.e., triose phosphates and 3-phosphoglycerate) out of the chloroplast in a strict counter exchange for Pi. To study the in vivo role of the TPT, transgenic potato plants were constructed that have a reduced expression of the TPT at both the RNA and protein level due to antisense inhibition. Chloroplasts isolated from these plants show a 20-30% reduction with respect to their ability to import Pi. The reduced TPT activity leads to a reduction of maximal photosynthesis by 40-60%, to a change in carbon partitioning into starch at the expense of sucrose and amino acids, and to an increase of the leaf starch content by a factor of approximately 3. At early developmental stages the inhibited plants are retarded in growth compared to the wild type.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Expression of the triose phosphate translocator gene from potato is light dependent and restricted to green tissues.

The export of primary photosynthesis products from chloroplasts into the cytoplasm is mediated by the triose phosphate translocator. The transporter is an integral membrane protein localized at the inner envelope of chloroplasts. In order to study the expression of the major chloroplast envelope protein gene E29, which is assumed to function as the translocator, we have isolated corresponding cDNA clones from potato. A full-length clone was sequenced and shown to be highly homologous to the E29 gene from spinach. Expression on the RNA level is restricted to green tissues, is light dependent and cannot be induced by sucrose in darkness. The presence of a single-copy gene argues for the existence of different translocator systems responsible for import and export of carbohydrates in chloroplasts and amyloplasts.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Increased prevalence of proliferative retinopathy and cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in IDDM patients with proteinuria.

The purpose of the present cross-sectional clinical study was to evaluate the prevalence of retinopathy in Type 1 diabetic patients without nephropathy and with different degrees of nephropathy. In addition we investigated the association between retinopathy, nephropathy, and other variables, and studied the importance of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction to these conditions. 76 Type 1 diabetic patients were investigated. All patients were initially selected on the basis of body weight, and 47 proteinuric patients were further selected for age, diabetes duration and the duration of insulin treatment (see Table 1). Proteinuric diabetic patients were categorized by degree of nephropathy, i.e. for incipient nephropathy (proteinuria of less than 0.5 g/day), for overt nephropathy (proteinuria of more than 0.5 g/day), and for renal failure (serum creatinine of more than 103 mumol/l). Retinopathy was assessed by ophthalmoscopy. Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction (CAD) was assessed by heart rate variations, 30:15 ratios, the Valsalva maneuver, and systolic blood pressure fall upon standing. Our findings revealed increased prevalence of retinopathy in patients with more advanced stages of nephropathy. CAD abnormalities exhibited increased prevalence among proteinuric patients. Our data clearly revealed differences between proteinuric and non-proteinuric patients. In both proteinuric and non-proteinuric patients there were found correlations of retinopathy with diabetes duration, and only in proteinurics was retinopathy correlated with kidney function, systolic blood pressure and CAD findings. In patients in identical stages of nephropathy, increased prevalence of CAD abnormalities was shown in patients suffering from proliferative retinopathy. Thus our data suggest that CAD abnormalities might be related in some way to both the proliferative retinopathy and to diabetic nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effect of recombinant hirudin on cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations using different platelet stimulators.

Cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i, and aggregation behavior of hirudinized platelet suspensions were examined under stimulation with thrombin, adenosine diphosphate, platelet-activating factor, collagen and the calcium ionophore, ionomycin. A rise in [Ca2+]i, a key step in platelet activation, was only inhibited by recombinant hirudin r-hirudin using the agonist thrombin. All other stimulators including ionomycin were not affected by r-hirudin. If hirudinized blood was gel-filtered before platelet stimulation, thrombin induced the same response as citrated platelet suspensions. Aggregation studies and calcium influx using various stimulators showed good correlation: only thrombin-induced aggregation was completely inhibited by r-hirudin. These results support the hypothesis that hirudin inhibits platelet function by thrombin binding and not by direct interaction with platelets.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1991

[Examinations of the analytic reliability of N-acetylneuraminic acid determinations according to the pharmacopoeia of the GDR].

A further investigation of the Arzneibuch (Diagnostic Laboratory Methods) GDR-method for the estimation of N-acetylneuraminic acid was performed. By this was found, that the formation of the dye complex is not still finished after 15 minutes and the reaction product shows an exponential decomposition. The decomposition rate was much greater in the reaction medium than in n-amyl alcohol. By increasing the ferric (III)-chloride concentration the specificity of the method could be essentially improved. With the fivefold ferric (III)-chloride concentration the physiological concentrations of the protein bound monosaccharides of the serum changed the accuracy of the measuring results by less than or equal to 2.0%.

Germany, East↗