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Biomedical subjects

B Saunders

Publications and source records attributed to B Saunders.

70 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The penta-X syndrome.

A child is presented with a 49,XXXXX chromosomal constitution bringing to 12 the total number of children described with this karyotype. Comparison of this child's features with previously reported cases indicates a clinically recognisable specific pattern of malformations referred to as the penta-X syndrome. X chromosome replication studies using BrdU labelling in the patient's cells clearly showed that the four presumably inactive X chromosomes were late replicating but not in a strictly synchronous fashion.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1978

Diets and stoma function.

Fifty ileostomy and 50 colostomy patients were questioned as to which foods upset their stoma function. Most patients had no problem in finding a suitable diet and 70 per cent would eat any food on occasions, although half the patients found that side effects with particular foods were a nuisance. Only a small range of foodstuffs seemed to produce symptoms in a significant proportion of patients. We feel that no particular foodstuff should be eliminated from a diet without an adequate trial as most patients are able to eat entirely normally.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital tracheal stenosis with associated cardiopulmonary anomalies: report of two cases with a review of the literature.

We present two infants with congenital tracheal stenosis with complete tracheal rings. Both had associated congenital anomalies. The first case showed cardiac malformations, and the second case had agenesis of the right lung. We review the literature, in particular with reference to tracheal stenosis and pulmonary agenesis. We also propose that the constellation of anomalies may result from defects in the cervical mesenchyme and, as such, may represent one end of a spectrum of cervical mesenchymal field defects.

Coronary Vessel Anomalies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adult Crohn disease: can ileoscopy replace small bowel radiology?

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to document the radiological features and distribution of small bowel Crohn disease (CD) in adults by using a barium follow-through (BaFT) technique and to determine whether disease would be missed or its distribution underestimated if only colonoscopy with ileoscopy were performed. METHODS: The BaFT examinations of 121 adults with proven CD were reviewed retrospectively with respect to the stage and distribution of disease. Colonoscopy with attempted ileoscopy was performed in 37 of these subjects, and the results were compared with radiological findings. RESULTS: A normal villous pattern was visualized in 89 studies (74%). BaFT showed small bowel CD in 71 (59%) of 121 patients studied. The terminal ileum (TI) was the most common site of disease, affecting 62 (87%) of patients with small bowel CD. Forty-six patients (65%) had more proximal small bowel disease, including nine (13%) with a normal TI. BaFT showed early mucosal changes of CD in 52 subjects (73%), which was the sole manifestation in 15 (21%). Ileoscopy was possible in the majority of patients colonoscoped but was not achieved in 14 (38%), nine of whom had CD on BaFT. Of the 23 patients in whom ileoscopy was performed, findings agreed with BaFT assessment of the TI in 22. CONCLUSION: BaFT adequately demonstrates the stage and extent of small bowel CD. The majority of patients with small bowel CD have disease proximal to the TI, which cannot be diagnosed by ileoscopy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relapse revisited: a critique of current concepts and clinical practice in the management of alcohol problems.

How a problem is understood dictates how it is responded to. In this paper the problem of relapse and alcohol dependence is reconsidered. The existing major relapse paradigm is evaluated against the last two decades of research. It is concluded that the available research strongly questions the notion that relapse is an addiction-specific event. Instead, relapse is probably better understood as a complex, generic, human behaviour, undertaken at times by all of us. Given this, it is possible that mainstream psychological theories, such as decision making and attribution theory, are important in coming to any understanding of the phenomenon of relapse. It is also contended that the investigation of relapse is potentially an error of focus. Such study invites the investigation of those who do not succeed in changing behaviour, as against the study of those who do. For those concerned with the treatment of alcohol dependence, studying the successes may be a more informative process than studying the putative failures. Given the burgeoning of research over the past two decades the impact on treatment practice is reviewed. It is concluded that relapse prevention and management is very much on the alcohol-intervention agenda. However, the research evidence to date is consistent with the general psychotherapy literature in that doing something appears better than no intervention, but that an optimum, effective, intervention has yet to be devised.

Alcoholism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors for rape, physical assault, and posttraumatic stress disorder in women: examination of differential multivariate relationships.

The National Women's Study, a 2-year, three-wave longitudinal investigation, employed a national probability sample of 3,006 adult women to: (a) identify separate risk factors for rape and physical assault, and (b) identify separate risk factors associated with post-rape posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and post-physical assault PTSD. This investigation differed from previous studies in that it prospectively examined risk factors at the multivariate, as opposed to univariate level. Overall, past victimization, young age, and a diagnosis of active PTSD increased women's risk of being raped. By contrast, past victimization, minority ethnic status, active depression, and drug use were associated with increased risk of being physically assaulted. Risk factors for PTSD following rape included a history of depression, alcohol abuse, or experienced injury during the rape. However, risk factors for PTSD following physical assault included only a history of depression and lower education.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Drinking-related assessment instruments: cross-cultural studies.

In recent years a number of drinking-related assessment instruments have undergone extensive developmental work and are in widespread use. These include measures that are designed to assess: 1) patterns of alcohol consumption. Timeline Followback Method (TLFB); and 2) antecedents to alcohol use, Inventory of Drinking Situations (IDS)-two constructs that would be expected to be sensitive to cross-cultural variability in drinking practices. These assessment tools present opportunities for the study of cross-cultural differences in drinking patterns and the circumstances under which drinking occurs. A World Health Organization project utilizing these assessment tools is currently underway in five countries (Australia, Canada, Mexico, Poland, and Sweden). This project focuses on the identification of profile differ.

Adult↗