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Biomedical subjects

B Sangster

Publications and source records attributed to B Sangster.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The influence of sodium bromide in man: a study in human volunteers with special emphasis on the endocrine and the central nervous system.

Sodium bromide was administered orally in capsules to healthy volunteers in doses of 0, 4 or 9 mg Br-/kg/day using a double-blind design. Each treatment was given to seven males for 12 weeks and to seven non-pregnant females (not using oral contraceptives) over three full cycles. Special attention was paid to possible effects on the endocrine and central nervous systems. At the start and end of the study, a full medical history, the results of a physical examination, haematological studies and standard clinical chemistry and urine analyses were recorded for each subject. These showed no changes for individuals following treatment, except for some incidence of nausea associated with bromide-capsule ingestion. Mean plasma-bromide concentrations at the end of treatment were 0.08, 2.14 and 4.30 mmol/litre for males and 0.07, 3.05 and 4.93 mmol/litre for females of the 0-, 4- and 9-mg Br-/kg/day groups, respectively. Plasma half-life was about 10 days. In the females taking 9 mg Br-/kg/day (but in no other group) there was a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine between the start and end of the study but all concentrations remained within normal limits. No changes were observed in serum concentrations of free thyroxine, thyroxine-binding globulin, cortisol, oestradiol, progesterone or testosterone, or of thyrotropin, prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone before or after the administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and LH-releasing hormone. Analysis of neurophysiological data (EEG and visual evoked response) showed a decrease in delta 1- and delta 2-activities and increases in beta-activities and in mean frequency (Mobility parameter) in the groups on 9 mg Br-/kg/day, but all the findings were within normal limits.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Etomidate-anaesthesia, with and without fentanyl, compared with urethane-anaesthesia in the rat.

In spontaneously breathing rats, continuous infusion of etomidate with and without fentanyl caused a slight decrease in blood pressure and heart rate. Coadministration of fentanyl and etomidate in order to obtain full anaesthesia and analgesia resulted in respiratory depression. In artificially ventilated rats both etomidate as well as the anaesthetic combination caused a strong reduction in aortic flow and an increase in total peripheral resistance. A single infusion of etomidate did not change blood pressure. Etomidate combined with fentanyl reduced blood pressure. Under adjusted ventilation blood pressure, aortic flow, max(dF/dt) and heart rate were progressively reduced during a 4 h period. In contrast, urethane anaesthesia reduced aortic flow to a minor extent. Total peripheral resistance and max(dF/dt) were hardly affected. The slightly reduced blood pressure and blood gas variables remained stable during the experiment. From pharmacokinetic studies it was established that effective etomidate plasma levels were maintained constant during the experimental period. Pharmacokinetic interaction between etomidate and fentanyl did not occur. It is concluded that for anaesthesia of longer duration during cardiovascular experiments in rats, urethane is preferable to etomidate/fentanyl because it does not cause serious changes in basal haemodynamic variables.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1983

The influence of orphenadrine or imipramine on the hypertensive response of physostigmine in the rat.

UNLABELLED: An intravenous infusion of orphenadrine or imipramine to artificially ventilated, urethane anaesthetized rats, completely blocked the physostigmine induced increase in blood pressure and the blood pressure increase induced by electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus; effects mediated via the sympathetic nerve. The noradrenaline induced blood pressure increase was not changed during an infusion with orphenadrine but was markedly depressed during an infusion with imipramine. During an infusion with both orphenadrine or imipramine the pressor response induced by stimulation of the spinal cord were completely blocked in pithed rats. The pattern of the blockade was comparable with the blockade of the pressor response after hypothalamic stimulation. These results show that at least in rats both orphenadrine and imipramine prevents the central stimulatory sympathetic effects on the cardiovascular system by interfering with the sympathetic nervous system. The site of action is discussed. IN CONCLUSION: the present results show that although physostigmine may be helpful in the treatment of central anticholinergic effects caused by overdoses of orphenadrine and imipramine it is of no use for combating the direct toxic effects of both drugs on the cardiovascular system.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A case of acebutolol intoxication.

A case of a nonfatal acebutolol intoxication in a 15 year old female is described. Ingestion of 7600 mg acebutolol resulted in a plasma acebutolol concentration of 15 mg/1 one hour after ingestion. The patient remained conscious, had a severe hypotension and the electrocardiogram showed a 1st degree AV-block and severe intraventricular conduction disturbances at a rate of 70 bpm. After the administration of calcium gluconate and plasma the blood pressure gradually increased to normal values in 2 hours time. Plasma halflife of acebutolol was 8 hours. Pathophysiology of acebutolol intoxication is discussed.

Acebutolol↗
PubMed1982

The influence of physostigmine on respiratory and circulatory changes caused by overdoses of orphenadrine or imipramine in the rat.

Orphenadrine or imipramine were given intravenously as an infusion to spontaneously breathing, anaesthetized rats until respiratory arrest, the primary cause of death for both drugs. Intravenous injections of physostigmine did not prolong survival. Artificial ventilation prolonged survival for orphenadrine and imipramine by about a factor 3 and the rats died from cardiogenic shock. The cardiotoxic properties of orphenadrine and imipramine express themselves as a progressing disturbance in stimulus formation and conduction, a decrease in dP/dt max and increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and a decrease in cardiac output caused by the progressing decrease of heart rate. An intravenous injection of physostigmine did not prolong survival and had no favourable effect on the cardiotoxicity caused by orphenadrine and imipramine. Although physostigmine may be useful in the treatment of the anticholinergic syndrome it has, at least in the rat, no favourable effect on the respiratory insufficiency, due to overdoses of orphenadrine and imipramine. Moreover it is not effective in antagonizing the cardiotoxic effects of orphenadrine or imipramine.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Non-occupational exposure to pentachlorophenol: clinical findings and plasma-PCP-concentrations in three families.

1 The clinical findings are reported of 15 members of three families living in houses where relatively large amounts of pentachlorophenol (PCP) solutions had been applied. To be able to interpret the plasma concentrations in the patients, plasma-PCP-concentrations in 99 draftees were measured. The clinical and toxicological-analytical results are discussed. 2 Signs of a systemic PCP-intoxication were not found in any patient. 3 Symptoms and objective changes of the uncovered skin were present in three patients (a burning painful sensation, erythema, dryness and scaling) possibly caused by a direct influence of PCP in the air. 4 The plasma-PCP-concentrations in the patients ranged from 25-660 micrograms 1(-1). The mean plasma-PCP-concentrations in the draftees was 128.6 +/- 134.9 micrograms 1(-1) (mean +/- s.d.); the median was 88 micrograms 1(-1), the 95% range was 330 micrograms 1(-1). 5 There was an association between patients' plasma-PCP-concentrations and their staying in the affected house.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Study of sodium bromide in human volunteers, with special emphasis on the endocrine system.

1 Bromide, 1 mg kg-1 daily, was administered to 21 healthy volunteers (11 females not using oral contraceptives and not pregnant and 10 males, during 8 weeks or 2 full cycles to determine whether ingestion of a dose equal to the acceptable daily intake might induce effects. Special attention was paid to the endocrine system because endocrine changes were predominant in rats receiving sodium bromide (NaBr) in their diets. 2 There was no difference between the results of a full medical history and physical examination at the start and at the end of the experiment. 3 The results from the measured haematological, biochemical and urine analyses did not change during the experiment. 4 In females the plasma bromide concentration rose from 0.08 +/- 0.01 mmol 1(-1) to 0.97 +/- 0.18 mmol 1(-1) and in males from 0.08 +/- 0.01 mmol 1(-1) to 0.83 +/- 0.09 mmol 1(-1) (mean +/- s.d.). 5 No changes were observed in the serum concentrations of thyroxine, free thyroxine, thyroxin binding globulin, triiodothyronine, cortisol, testosterone, estradiol and progesterone. Also no changes were observed in the serum concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) before and after the administration of thyroid stimulating hormone releasing hormone (TRH) and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH).

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Buformin concentrations in a case of fatal lactic acidosis.

A fatal case of lactic acidosis in a 84 year old diabetic woman taking buformin is reported. Buformin concentrations in serum, other body fluids and tissues were measured by gas chromatography. Serum buformin concentration at admission was 5.5 mg/l. Postmortem concentrations were: in serum 3.2 mg/l; in lung 2.8 mg/kg wet weight; in heart 3.0 mg/kg; in pericardial fluid 3.5 mg/l; in liver 5.2 mg/kg; in bile 6.3 mg/l; and in kidney 98 mg/kg.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1981

The influence of haemoperfusion on haemostasis and cellular constituents of the blood in the treatment of intoxications: a comparative study of three types of columns (Haemocol, Amberlite XAD-4, Gambro Adsorba 300 C).

The influence of haemoperfusion on blood-coagulation and cellular constituents of the blood was studied in three groups of patients. In four patients haemoperfusion was performed using a column containing acrylic-hydrogel coated activated charcoal (Haemocol), in five patients with a column containing uncoated XAD-4 nonionic polystyrene resin (Amberlite) and in five patients with a column containing cellulose coated activated charcoal (Gambro Adsorba 300 C). Perfusion was performed during 4 h with a flow of 300 ml/min. Before the start, 2 h after the start, at the end and 2 h after the end of the perfusion the haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, leucocyte number, differential white cell count, thrombocyte number and heparin concentration were measured. Before the start and 2 h after the end prothrombin time, thrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, reptilase time, fibrinogen, prothrombin, factors V, VII, X, antithrombin III, bleeding time (Ivy), ethanol gelation test, fibrin split products and plasminogen were measured. The following conclusions can be drawn: haemoperfusion per se causes haemodilution; polystyrene resin causes in some patients a temporary reduction of the leucocyte number during haemoperfusion; polystyrene resin causes a significant reduction of thrombocyte number compared to coated activated charcoal; polystyrene resin and to a lesser extent acrylic-hydrogel-coated activated charcoal causes in some patients a prolongation of bleeding time probably by inducing alteration of thrombocyte function caused by release; polystyrene resin and probably also acrylic-hydrogel-coated activated charcoal causes an increased fibrinolytic activity without signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Severe extrapyramidal syndrome in a dog caused by a haloperidol (Serenase) intoxication.

The case history of a one-year-old male mongrel dog intoxicated with 120 mg haloperidol is described. The dog showed a coma with a severe extrapyramidal syndrome and was treated with orphenadrine. Symptoms, occurrence, and therapy of the extrapyrmidal syndrome are discussed. Emphasis is laid on the importance to differentiate this syndrome from epilepsy and other neurological disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The influence of biperiden in overdose on respiration and circulation in the dog.

Biperiden lactate was administered intravenously in overdose to dogs under general anaesthesia. Biperiden appeared to have a toxic influence on respiration and circulation independently. Respiratory arrest occurred at a dose of 33 +/- 10 mg/kg and has probably a central origin. When artificial ventilation was instituted circulatory standstill occurred at a dose of 45 +/- 5 mg/kg. The toxic influence of biperiden is characterised by a decrease of heart rate and of left ventricular contractility resulting in cardiogenic shock. Biperiden is compared with orphenadrine as far as its potential hazard is concerned for patients trying to commit suicide by ingesting an overdose.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The influence of orphenadrine HCl in overdose alone and in combination with droperidol on respiration and circulation in the rat.

Orphenadrine HCL was intravenously administered to rats under urethane anesthesia to investigate whether the primary cause of death in orphenadrine intoxication is respiratory arrest or cardiac standstill. The spontaneously breathing animals died from apnoe after a mean dose of 63 + 11 mg/kg. The artificially ventilated animals died from cardiac arrest after a mean dose of 144 +/- 47 mg/kg. It was concluded that primary cause of death is respiratory insufficiency and that hypoventilation can mask the cardiotoxicity of orphenadrine. On the analogy of earlier experiments in dogs the ability of droperidol to counteract the influence of orphenadrine was investigated. Droperidol enhanced the influence of orphenadrine on respiration and had no influence on the cardiotoxic influence of orphenadrine in the rat.

Animals↗