Permeability of chorion laeve in cases of normal and retarded fetal growth.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Amnion↗
Biomedical subjects
B S Ward
Publications and source records attributed to B S Ward.
Placental membrane permeability to creatinine and urea.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Amniotic Fluid↗
Gestational changes in pig placental weight, area and DNA content in the second half of pregnancy.
Weight and macroscopic surface area of the pig placenta reached a maximum at day 101 and decreased thereafter. However, between day 101 and day 111 (full term 113/115) the epitheliochorial tissue layer increased in area due to the continuing formation of folds. Although lightweight placentae had small macroscopic surface areas, they possessed larger areas per unit weight throughout the second half of gestation. From day 70 to day 92 the lightest placentae, when compared with their heaviest litter mates, had from 15 to 150 per cent more macroscopic surface area per unit weight. In the middle third of gestation there was a phase of rapid cell division, in consequence of which mean cell size was reduced. By the beginning of the last third of gestation mean cell size had reached a steady value, with no demonstrable change thereafter. Cell multiplication continued until day 101 when growth in weight had ceased.
Animals↗
Cellular growth of the placenta in twin pregnancy late in gestation.
In order to establish the pattern of cellular growth in placentae from human twin pregnancy, the total placental concentrations of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and protein were determined. Twin placentae from 31 to 40 weeks' gestation were analysed from 40 pregnancies whose precise gestational ages were known. The study has shown that nuclear multiplication continues until placental growth in weight itself comes to an end. Increase in placental weight was caused by cellular hyperplasia without hypertrophy.
Cell Division↗
Histochemical localization of phosphatases in the pig placenta: I. Non-specific phosphatases and their relation to uteroferrin.
The uterine glands, glandular secretions and areolar chorionic epithelium of the pig placenta in late gestation show high levels of histochemical phosphatase activity at acid pH, particularly towards aromatic monophosphates. The properties of this phosphatase allow its identification with the placental iron carrier protein, uteroferrin, rather than with lysosomal acid phosphatase. Alkaline phosphatase activity is restricted to the microvasculature on the maternal side of the placenta and is entirely distinct from uteroferrin phosphatase activity.
Acid Phosphatase↗
Histochemical localization of phosphatases in the pig placenta: II. Potassium-dependent and potassium-independent p-nitrophenyl phosphatases at high pH; relation to sodium-potassium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase.
Histochemical localization by Mg2+ capture methods of K+-dependent, ouabain-sensitive phosphatase activity in the pig placenta shows that strong Na+,K+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K+-ATPase) activity is restricted to the basal zone of the columnar epithelium covering the areolar chorionic villi. It is proposed that active Na+ absorption at this epithelium may be the source of the ouabain-sensitive, fetal-side-positive potential difference which can be measured across the placental membrane in vitro. The one-step procedure for Na+,K+-ATPase localization is unsatisfactory in this organ as any specific ATPase reaction is swamped by activity probably attributable to uteroferrin and other non-specific phosphatases.
4-Nitrophenylphosphatase↗
Prospective function of placental leptin at maternal-fetal interface.
Leptin is an endocrine and a growth factor which is important for regulation of body fat, feeding, and energy homeostasis. The anti-obesity function of leptin has been recently extended to reproduction, puberty and pregnancy as an endocrine signal to the hypothalamus. Leptin controls the functional integrity of the feto-placental unit thereby maintaining pregnancy by virtue of its immunomodulatory property via T lymphocytes or other proto-oncogenes. Dysregulation of autocrine/paracrine function of leptin at feto-placento-maternal interface may be implicated in the pathogenesis of recurrent miscarriage gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia and intra-uterine fetal growth retardation including disturbance of fetal bone turnover. This review will focus on the role of leptin in normal and abnormal pregnancy and fetal growth.
Adult↗
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the uterus. A case report.
BACKGROUND: Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is a rare tumor derived from fetal neuroectodermal cells. These tumors occur in the central nervous system and in peripheral locations. Histologic diagnosis is the standard since most of these tumors are detected at an advanced stage. CASE: A 17-year-old female presented with persistent vaginal bleeding. Physical examination revealed a 4-cm, hard, barrel-shaped cervix. A cervicovaginal smear was obtained. The specimen was hypercellular, with small to medium-sized, round, malignant cells. A diagnosis of PNET was made from the histologic sections of the surgical specimen. CONCLUSION: When numerous small round cells in a diffuse pattern are seen on a Pap smear, the differential diagnosis is long and difficult. However, with careful evaluation of the cytologic features, a few reasonable differential diagnoses can be reached. Furthermore, with liquid-based Pap smears, material is available for immunohistochemical staining to narrow the range even more. Using all resources, including a good clinical history, a cytopathologist can give the clinician an early diagnosis for intervention and treatment.
Adolescent↗