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Biomedical subjects

B S Tepperman

Publications and source records attributed to B S Tepperman.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

Canadian health system. Rationing, social policy and hysteria.

The Canadian health care system is a recipe for lowest common denominator medical care. It imposes many of the same restrictions experienced in the United States in the gatekeeper HMO model. Centralized government control allows a more thorough ratcheting down of costs and growth limitation by bureaucracy at all levels responding to political expediency without needing to address actual medical need. Yes, in theory Canadians enjoy the full range of therapies and services available in any medical market in the United States and, yes, undoubtedly it is cheaper. Access in theory to first-dollar coverage for services does not translate well to practice if patients do not survive long enough to keep their appointment for that therapy or service. Clearly, the advocates of an American adaptation of the Canadian health care system are serious and should not be treated lightly. They understand dollars but not patients and their needs. They measure quality and efficiency of care in terms of hospital bed utilization and generic screens, not in terms of being able to deliver the best achievable appropriate care to the greatest number of eligible patients. The multiple levels of government control and the absence of effective competition in the Canadian model allow significant cost reductions in health care, but at the expense of the available range of treatment options and access to treatment. Imposition of this model in the United States would require closure of some existing facilities and reduced access to those remaining, leading inevitably to a substantial reduction of the standard of medical care practically achievable by each of us for our patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Canada

Multiple primary squamous cell carcinomas in the upper digestive tract.

Multiple squamous cell carcinomas are common and patients carry a constant and excessive risk of developing a new cancer at any time (13-21 X the normal). Among 6,203 cases of primary squamous carcinoma of the upper digestive tract, 648 patients (10.4%) developed two or more independent tumors. Altogether, 761 additional malignancies were observed, with up to five cancers being seen in individual patients. There were 279 patients with a prior or synchronous cancer and 409 patients who developed 462 metachronous tumors. There was a substantial risk for developing a second primary cancer in the upper aerodigestive tract. Overall the observed to expected ratio was 2.48, specifically 2.32 for males and 2.89 for females.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell

Postoperative adjuvant irradiation for adenocarcinoma of the rectum and sigmoid.

Ninety-two patients with resected adenocarcinomas of the rectum, rectosigmoid, or sigmoid, Gunderson Stages B2-3 and C1-3, received postoperative pelvic irradiation between 1976 and 1981. Thirty-three patients had gross or microscopic postoperative residual disease. Half were age 65 or older. Eighty-four patients (92%) completed therapy as planned with 71% given at least 5000 cGy. There were treatment interruptions in 26% but only two complications. The median follow-up was 32 months. Nineteen of 92 recurred in the pelvis (21%): 6/29 (21%), in Stages B2-3 (node -), 13/63 (21%), in C1-3 (node +), 7/50 (14%), in B2, C1-2 (mobile), and 12/41 (29%), in B3, C3 (fixed). There were 10/33 (30%) pelvic recurrences with postoperative residual disease compared to 9/59 (15%) recurrences in completely resected patients (p = 0.1). Among 51 patients who received greater than or equal to 4500 cGy pelvic irradiation, with no residual disease, only five recurred: 1/15 (7%) in B2-B3, 4/36 (11%) in C1-3, 4/38 (11%) in B2, C1-2, and 1/13 (8%) in B3, C3. In this cohort, the 5-year relapse-free survival rates were 83% in Stages B2-3, and 27% in Stages C1-3 (p = 0.023). High dose, postoperative pelvic irradiation is an effective and well tolerated adjuvant for local control of pelvic colon adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma

Total skin electron irradiation for mycosis fungoides: failure analysis and prognostic factors.

From 1970 to 1980, 106 patients with mycosis fungoides received total skin electron irradiation to full tolerance. The majority received 30 Gy of 3 MeV electrons in 12 treatments over three weeks. Eighty-eight patients had received prior therapy. Fifty patients had cutaneous plaques only (T1-2N0), and 56 had more advanced disease. At five years, actuarial survival is 66.7% and disease-free survival 21.4%. The median time to relapse is 12 months; prolonged survival is seen only with complete response. Compared with more advanced stages, T1-2N0 patients have more frequent complete response (96% vs 71%) and better relapse-free survival at five years (32 vs 7%). Of 14 patients with T2 disease in continuous complete remission for from 45-113 months, only one has relapsed. This suggests that cure is possible in up to 26% of patients with T2 disease who achieve complete response. In advanced stages, complete response is more likely with doses over 25 Gy (80 vs 50%). First recurrences were predominently in sites of previous involvement. Death resulted mainly from extracutaneous dissemination or failure to induce remission.

Aged

Second respiratory and upper digestive tract cancers after oral cancer.

Between 1958 and 1975, 377 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth were treated. 123 new cancers (not recurrences) developed in 101 (27%) of these patients after treatment. 82 (67%) were squamous cell carcinomas of the respiratory and upper digestive tracts, one-third of these being in the mouth. These tumors developed at a constant rate of 3.6% per year and led to excess mortality of 5.2% per year. Men with oral cancer have a relative risk of 13.4 for new tumours in the upper respiratory and upper digestive tracts compared with the general population; in females the relative risk for all sites is 82.6. All patients with mouth cancer should thus be examined regularly because of this high risk of new cancers.

Adult