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B S Schoenberg

Publications and source records attributed to B S Schoenberg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Delirium episodes during the course of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease.

A retrospective review was conducted of 122 charts of patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (CDAD) who had participated in a longitudinal dementia study at the Mayo Clinic from 1965 to 1970. DSM-III-R diagnoses were assigned based on the longitudinal description of symptoms detailed in the Mayo Clinic medical records of the hospitalizations; clinic, home, and nursing home visits; and state hospital admissions. Thirty patients (25%) were found to have a delirium episode during their course of CDAD that occurred during inpatient admissions; 50% (15 of 30) of the delirium episode occurred in patients ages 80 to 89. Among patients with a delirium episode, 50% died within one year of the delirium episode and 64% died within two years. Of 13 patients, 10 (77%) had multiple delirium episodes within two years. Admitting diagnoses were mainly primary degenerative dementia of the Alzheimer's type (PDDAT) or PDDAT with delirium. Only 3 (10%) demented patients experienced delirium episodes during a medical admission. No deaths occurred during hospitalization for the years covered by this study. A psychiatric consultation was requested in only 17 (14%) patients; 88% of these patients received diagnoses involving PDDAT, late onset. An additional diagnosis included depressive disorders. Psychopharmacology was the major management strategy (82% of patients with a delirium episode received medication) with a resolution of symptoms within 48 hours. At discharge, only 2 (7%) patients failed to clear the increased degree of confusion.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Cross-cultural cognitive examination: validation of a dementia screening instrument for neuroepidemiological research.

OBJECTIVE: Validation of a new instrument for screening dementia, the Cross Cultural Cognitive Examination (CCCE), is described. DESIGN: Criterion and concurrent validation and cross-cultural comparison of a new instrument. PARTICIPANTS: All individuals over the age of 40 in a village in southern Guam participated in a door-to-door survey. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease patients and healthy controls aged 40-90 participated in the US mainland study. MEASUREMENTS: The CCCE was administered to all subjects. Effects of age, language, education, and gender on test performances and social-cultural differences were assessed. Concurrent validation of the test with respect to other well accepted screening instruments was determined. RESULTS: High specificity (> 94%) and sensitivity (> 99%) for detecting dementia were found in Guam and US mainland samples, and these were not biased by differences in gender, linguistic preference, education, or cultural background. Sensitivity and specificity of the CCCE matched or exceeded that of already accepted dementia screening instruments. CONCLUSIONS: These validation studies support the usefulness of the CCCE for identifying patients with generalized dementia, rather than focal types of cognitive impairment, quickly and reliably in cross-cultural neuroepidemiological research.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Prevalence of headache and migrainous headache in Nigerian Africans: a community-based study.

In a door-to-door survey in a Nigerian town with stable population of about twenty thousand, 18,594 subjects were screened with a questionnaire, which involved a complete census, administered by non-doctor, including primary health care personnel. Migrainous headache was diagnosed on the basis of combination of responses to the questionnaire shown in a pilot study validated by neurological examination to have 92% sensitivity and 99% specificity. Crude life time prevalence ratio of at least one episode of headache unspecified was 51 percent (50% in males and 52% in females). The crude prevalence ratio of migrainous headache was 5.3 per 100 (5 per 100 in males and 5.6 per 100 in females), with peak age-specific prevalence ratios in the first decade in both males and females. Migrainous headache was three times as common in females as in males in the second and third decades. Prevalence of migrainous headache in Nigerian Africans appears less than in Caucasians. No social status was at special risk to developing migrainous headache.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Relatives' recall of a psychiatric interview.

One hundred seventeen patients from the Burke Rehabilitation Center (White Plains, NY) with clinically diagnosed dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) were identified for a case-control study (CCS) designed to assess risk factors for DAT. A psychiatric evaluation was part of the Burke dementia workup. The study sample was composed of 96 relatives who (a) were present with the patient at the psychiatric evaluation and (b) were interviewed for the CCS. The data for this study were the relatives' responses to the question "Did your relative (patient with DAT) ever see a psychiatrist?" The recall of relatives, regardless of relationship category (spouse, adult children, and others) did not exceed the 50% recall predicted by chance. When the age of the relative and length of time between the two interviews were considered, they did not modify these results.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Clinical risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: a population-based case-control study.

Using information on clinical risk factors provided through the medical record linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, we conducted a population-based case-control study of Alzheimer's disease (AD). During the period 1960 to 1974, we identified 415 newly diagnosed cases of AD among residents of Rochester, Minnesota, and matched one community control to each case based on age, sex, and duration of community medical record. We estimated odds ratios using conditional logistic regression for several potential clinical risk factors of AD. Among more than 20 clinical risk factors that were evaluated, the only statistically significant findings were for episodic depression, personality disorder, and hypertension.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of case ascertainment by medical record linkage and cohort follow-up to determine incidence rates for transient ischemic attacks and stroke.

During the period 1960-1972, the medical record linkage index method provided an estimated average annual age- and sex-adjusted rate for first transient ischemic attack (TIA) of 134 per 100,000 population for those age 50 years and older. The cohort method estimate was 237 per 100,000 population (95% confidence limits (CL), 165-310). The discrepancy was due to 18 cases of TIA noted at the time of patient visits in the cohort analysis that were not identified from the medical record analysis. The cohort analysis for all strokes at age 50 years and older was not significantly different from the medical record linkage analysis. Although the cohort follow-up method provided better case ascertainment in this study, current indexing procedures provide case ascertainment equal to that of the cohort method and at less cost. No trend was found to suggest that incidence rates for TIA were decreasing in the period 1955-1979, in contrast to stroke in Rochester, Minn.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Pilot study of the prevalence of major neurologic disorders in a rural population of India.

A study of the prevalence of major neurologic diseases will be carried out in a rural population near Ballabgarh. India, using the World Health Organization protocol for epidemiologic studies of neurologic disorders and other internationally standardized survey techniques, screening procedures, and diagnostic criteria. Before applying any protocol developed in one population to another population, it must be intensively tested. Here, we describe the adaptation of the WHO protocol to the local conditions in rural Ballabgarh, and the findings of the pilot study conducted to test the protocol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Conditions associated at death with specific types of completed stroke in patients with and without hypertension: a case-control study.

Potential risk factors for various types of stroke were studied using a case-control study design. All 1978 US death certificates for which the registered underlying cause of death was subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), cerebral hemorrhage (CH), or cerebral infarction (CI) were identified. The frequency with which other conditions appeared on the death certificates of cases with and without hypertension was compared with controls. These data provide new information, such as the occurrence of peripheral vascular disease in association with SAH, the risk of CH in epileptic and cirrhotic patients, and the association of benign neoplasms of the nervous system, motor neuron disease, and 'paralysis agitans' with CI.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Prevalence of neurological diseases in Madrid, Spain.

A pilot study to demonstrate the feasibility of measuring prevalence and prevalence ratios of major neurological disorders was successfully carried out in an urban area of Madrid, Spain, in a population of 961 subjects. The most frequent disorders identified were migraine, epilepsy and peripheral neuropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Inheritance of Alzheimer's disease: epidemiologic evidence.

The available evidence suggests that there may be two subtypes of AD-- inherited and noninherited. Inherited AD may have certain characteristics, e.g. younger age at onset and some clinical signs or symptoms, which distinguish them from noninherited cases. It is possible that the noninherited type of AD may also have a similar genetic defect as the inherited kind, the only difference being that in one case the defect is inherited from the parents and in the other the defect arises de novo during embryogenesis. An environmental factor operating during embryogenesis may be responsible for causing a genetic defect which later manifests as noninherited AD. Currently, however, there is no precise way to separate these two subtypes. The exact proportion of all cases of AD which are inherited on a genetic basis is not known, but it must be small. The mode of inheritance of genetic AD is not known. It must be emphasized that the subtypes of inherited and noninherited AD are not synonymous with the older categorization of AD into presenile and senile AD.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Serum cholesterol, its lipoprotein fractions among survivors of cerebrovascular disease. A case-control study.

A case-control study was conducted in 1983 on 210 cerebrovascular disease (CVD) patients identified from a retrospective cross-sectional door-to-door survey of four cities in the People's Republic of China. One hundred and eleven male (mean age 63.8 +/- 8.9 years) and 99 female (mean age 63.5 +/- 11.1 years) CVD survivors and controls matched for sex, age, race and area were selected. Total serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured to see if there were differences between lipids in survivors of CVD and their matched controls. There was a higher level of total cholesterol in cerebral thrombotic patients (n = 114) and a lower level of total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in cerebral hemorrhagic patients (n = 35) than in controls, although the results were not statistically significant. The only higher level of total serum cholesterol that might be important was in the group of male thrombotic patients of age greater than 70 years (n = 22; nominal p value less than 0.05). The implication of this finding needs further clarification.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Patterns of mortality from hereditary ataxias in the United States, 1971 and 1973-1978.

Mortality rates for deaths 'due to' and 'with' hereditary ataxias are presented for the first time. Age-adjusted mortality rates were higher for whites than for nonwhites of either sex, and for men in both racial groups. Age-specific mortality rates for whites showed a peak for 'hereditary spinal ataxia' in the 20-29 age group. For the other types of ataxias they were low until age 40 and increased thereafter. Heart diseases were a frequent cause of death in people dying 'with' hereditary ataxias. The median survival (from birth) for hereditary spinal ataxia in whites was 35 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Head trauma with loss of consciousness as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.

We identified all incident cases of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease among the population of Rochester, MN, with onset from 1965 through 1974. A control (selected from the same community) was matched to each case by age, race, sex, and length of stay in Rochester. We studied 274 case-control pairs. Using the records linkage system available for residents of this community, we abstracted information on the occurrence of head trauma with loss of consciousness (LOC) from the medical records of both cases and controls. There were 5 pairs in which the case suffered an episode of head trauma with LOC but the control did not, and 4 pairs in which the control suffered an episode of head trauma with LOC but the case did not. We failed to detect a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. This study overcomes many problems encountered in previous case-control studies reporting this association. The sample size was large; severity of head injury was documented in high-quality medical records; data about head injury were recorded before the onset of dementia: equal quality of data were available for cases and controls; and, since the study was population-based, there was no selection bias for cases or controls.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1989

Environmental factors and Parkinson's disease: a case-control study in China.

We studied the role of environment in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) in China, where industrialization is relatively recent and the population geographically stable. Using a case-control method, we investigated the relationship between PD and exposure to the following factors before disease onset: place of residence, source of drinking water, environmental and occupational exposure to various agricultural and industrial processes. Occupational or residential exposure to industrial chemicals, printing plants, or quarries was associated with an increased risk of developing PD. In contrast, living in villages and exposure to the common accompaniments of village life, wheat growing and pig raising, were associated with a decreased risk for PD. PD cases and controls did not differ with respect to other factors investigated. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that environmental exposure to certain industrial chemicals may be related to the development of PD.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Conditions associated with Huntington's disease at death. A case-control study.

To identify conditions associated with reduced survival in patients with Huntington's disease, we studied all 1978 US death certificates on which Huntington's disease (331.0 in the International Classification of Diseases, eighth revision) was listed. For each of the 495 cases identified, two control deaths were matched by age, race, sex, county, and year of death. Pneumonia, choking, nutritional deficiencies, and chronic skin ulcers were increased in cases relative to controls.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1988

Prevalence of essential tremor in the Parsi community of Bombay, India.

A door-to-door survey for neurologic diseases was conducted in a community of 14,010 people (Parsis living in colonies in Bombay, India). Neurologists used defined diagnostic criteria to evaluate persons with positive results on the screening survey. Two hundred thirty-three people (104 men; 129 women) were identified as having essential tremor. The overall prevalence ratio was 1663.1 [corrected] per 100,000 population. Age-specific prevalence ratios increased with age. Age-adjusted prevalence ratios were similar for men and women. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first community-based survey for essential tremor in Asia.

Adolescent↗