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Biomedical subjects

B S Russman

Publications and source records attributed to B S Russman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Rehabilitation of the pediatric patient with a neuromuscular disease.

A rehabilitation program for a patient with a neuromuscular disease can be developed only after an accurate diagnosis has been established. The diagnosis and its ramifications should suggest a natural course of disease which, it is hoped, can be improved upon with a rational and realistic program. The program is best developed by an interdisciplinary team, including a pediatric neurologist, who should have the greatest understanding of the patient's problem and should ultimately be responsible for the implementation and monitoring of the program. A child with cerebral palsy commonly requires the services of physical and occupational therapists as well as knowledgeable orthopedists. Is the program appropriate? Does it consider the child's potential as well as his limitations? A child with a traumatic brain injury requires, in addition to the above, psychological intervention and an intensive educational program. Will the child and family need help from mental health professionals? A child with a motor unit disease such as Duchenne's muscular dystrophy requires, in addition to the above services, a "philosophy" of care. Will the child ever ambulate independently? If so, at what cost? What will be necessary for the child to reach this potential, including items such as orthoses and adaptive equipment? Will respirator care become necessary? What issues must be addressed for this form of care to be established? There is no one program for all children. The programs must be individualized to meet the needs of the patient and the family. This point cannot be overemphasized.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1989

Cerebral palsy.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Shuddering attacks. Evaluation using electroencephalographic frequency modulation radiotelemetry and videotape monitoring.

Three children who had frequent shuddering or shivering attacks were studied using electroencephalographic frequency modulation radiotelemetry and videotape monitoring. The attacks consisted of bilateral fine tremors, sometimes associated with stiffening of the upper extremities. The attacks were not associated with any electroencephalographic abnormalities. Shuddering attacks appear to be a benign movement disorder.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Human serum teratogenicity studied by rat embryo culture: epilepsy, anticonvulsant drugs, and nutrition.

Epileptic women have a greater risk for spontaneous abortions and children with birth defects than do nonepileptics. In a unique approach to identifying causes of these problems, we have cultured whole rat embryos for 48 h on blood sera from epileptics. In the first part of the study, three embryos were cultured on each serum sample from 128 different epileptics being treated with either single anticonvulsants or no drug to compare the teratogenicity of these drugs. Sera from subjects receiving either phenobarbital or no drug had comparable frequencies of cultured embryo abnormalities, which were lower than those from subjects taking phenytoin, valproic acid, or carbamazepine. In the second phase of the study, attempts to identify causes for serum teratogenicity led to the finding that the abnormalities and reduced embryo growth produced by many serum samples could be completely overcome by adding vitamins and/or amino acids to the serum. Of 53 samples tested, 32 (60%) were corrected by supplementation (17 of 23 phenytoin, seven of nine phenobarbital, six of 12 carbamazepine, none of six valproic acid, and two of three no drug). Although the results of this study provided a general assessment of drug teratogenicity that agreed with other studies and emphasized the role of nutrition in fetal defects, the importance of individual differences in causes of teratogenicity was also noted.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

Comprehensive management of children with muscular disorders.

As can be determined from a review of three of the most common diseases seen in a muscle disease clinic, the care cannot be given by only one or two specialists. The treatment programs involve a team. The team members have specific skills and functions. On the other hand, a team that works together can anticipate problems that other members of the team are most capable of handling. Early recognition of problems will minimize the difficulties that the patients will invariably encounter. The goal of the comprehensive management is to make the patient as self-sufficient as possible, for as long as possible, both physically and vocationally. This, obviously, is extremely helpful psychologically, both for the patient and the patient's family. Working with this population of patients, although occasionally depressing because of the inability to cure, can be extremely rewarding as one watches the accomplishments of the patients as a result of the interventions discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Speech abnormalities in seizures: a comparison of absence and partial complex seizures.

In order to determine whether speech changes are useful in differentiating seizure types, a study was done in which speech abnormalities during two distinct seizure types, partial complex and absence seizures, were compared. Speech changes noted during prolonged electroencephalographic and video monitoring were compared in 16 patients with 47 partial complex seizures and 19 patients with 95 absence seizures. Speech changes were common during both seizure types. Although some significant differences in speech patterns were noted in the two seizure types, the degree of overlap was such to preclude using speech changes alone as the sole clinical criteria in differentiating the seizures.

Brain↗
PubMed1983

Abnormal behavior or epilepsy? Use of long-term EEG and video monitoring with severely to profoundly mentally retarded patients with seizures.

Prolonged electroencephalographic frequency modulated radio telemetry and video-tape monitoring (TEEG-VR) is widely used as a diagnostic aid in the evaluation of patients with suspected epilepsy. Use of this technique with 38 severely to profoundly mentally retarded patients to differentiate epileptic from nonepileptic behavior was reviewed. For only 2 patients was the behavior in question not recorded. Although all patients studied had abnormal EEGs and 90 percent had histories of epileptic seizures, only 38 percent of the behavior in question recorded during TEEG-VR was epileptic seizures. Criteria used for nonretarded patients to differentiate epileptic seizures from nonepileptic behavior was not helpful for this group of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Prolonged EEG and videotape monitoring in children.

Prolonged frequency modulation (FM) radiotelemetry EEG and videotape monitoring (TEEG-VR) have been used together extensively to study patients with epileptic seizures. This technique was used to differentiate epileptic seizures from other episodic behavior in 45 children referred to our epilepsy center in whom the diagnosis could not be made by history, standard EEGs, or observation alone, in 40 children, the behavior in question was recorded during TEEG-VR. In 15 patients, this behavior was found to represent epileptic seizures. Although not indicated in all children with suspected epileptic seizures, TEEG-VR can be a useful diagnostic test in selected children.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Chronic cerebellar stimulation for cerebral palsy: a double-blind study.

A double-blind, crossover technique was devised to assess the value of chronic cerebellar stimulation in children with cerebral palsy. Cerebellar stimulators were implanted in eight children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. The external transmitter was changed monthly during each of the first 3 months and was set to be functional or placebo by random assignment. Objective assessment by physical, occupational, and speech therapists as well as by a neurologist failed to document significant improvement in any of the participants. Some children became less spastic and developed increased mental alertness and improved clarity of speech. However, these improvements occurred during placebo periods as often as with stimulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Functional classification and orthopaedic management of spinal muscular atrophy.

The majority of patients with chronic infantile and juvenile forms of spinal muscular atrophy survive to adult life. Forty-four patients have been reviewed at an average of 17 years after diagnosis. The subdivision of patients into four groups, based on the maximal physical function developed by the individual, correlates well with the onset and severity of secondary deformity of the limbs and spine. This information allows anticipation of the problems and plans for their treatment to be made from early childhood. After analysis of the orthotic and surgical treatment received by these patients, a specific programme of care is recommended for each of the functional groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Use of the ECG in the diagnosis of childhood spinal muscular atrophy.

The appearance of tremors in patients with childhood, chronic spinal muscular atrophy has been known for years. We were struck by the presence of a "muscle tremor" artifact in the ECGs of all our patients with this diagnosis. This observation has not been noted previously. The consistency of this finding in patients with this disease is the basis for this report.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Bedside evaluation of large motor units in childhood spinal muscular atrophy.

One hundred patients with motor unit disease were examined to determine the diagnostc reliability of several clinical signs of large motor units. These signs were high-intensity, low-pitched rumbling on skeletal muscle auscultation, voluntary contraction fasciculations, contraction fasciculation trembling, and palpable contraction fasciculations. Among 22 cases of spinal muscular atrophy, contration fasciculation trembling was noted in 86 percent, abnormal muscle auscultation in 68 percent, palpable contraction fasciculations in 64 percent, and voluntary contraction fasciculations in 50 percent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Convulsive seizures in infancy and childhood.

Epilepsy is a symptom and not a disease. An etiologic and therapeutic approach to the acutely convulsing child has been outlined. The necessity of attempting to determine the cause while in the process of stopping the seizure has been emphasized. Suggestions as to what to evaluate on physical examination and what laboratory tests to order have been discussed. An approach to the child whose seizure was not witnessed by a physician is also presented. Emphasis is placed on obtaining an accurate history. Finally, the treatment of a child with epilepsy involves more than prescribing appropriate medication. The child's performance in school and the concerns of parents and patient must be considered.

Age Factors↗