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Biomedical subjects

B S Mantell

Publications and source records attributed to B S Mantell.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

A new treatment for endometrial cancer with gonadotrophin releasing-hormone analogue.

OBJECTIVE: To test the antitumour effect of gonadotrophin releasing-hormone (GnRH) analogues in women with recurrent endometrial cancer. DESIGN: An open phase II observational trial of GnRH analogues. Serial measurements of gonadotrophins, sex hormones and tumour dimensions were made together with repeat biopsy when possible to assess the response to treatment. SETTING: The outpatient clinics of the Department of Medical Oncology at The Royal London, Royal Marsden and St Bartholomew's hospitals. SUBJECTS: 17 patients with endometrial cancer which had recurred after surgery, radiotherapy and progesterone treatment and was symptomatic, progressive and assessable for response. INTERVENTION: Monthly subcutaneous injection of GnRH analogue. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Reduction in serum gonadotrophins and reduction in tumour dimensions. RESULTS: Six out of 17 patients (35%, 95% CI 12.6-58%) achieved a complete or partial remission which continues for a median of 20 months with no adverse effects. CONCLUSION: GnRH analogues have a significant antitumour effect in recurrent endometrial cancer which warrants further examination in comparison with progestogens.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Covered expandable metal stent for recurrent tracheal obstruction.

Rapidly recurrent symptoms of airways obstruction by tumour may require repeated radiotherapy or endoscopic laser treatment--but these procedures may themselves be distressing. Use of a novel coated metal stent may reduce the frequency with which such palliative intervention is required.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1989

Reversal of vocal cord palsy by tamoxifen.

Advanced breast carcinoma responds to tamoxifen in more than 30% of cases (Mouridsen et al., 1978). It is widely used for hormonal treatment in women suffering from breast carcinoma, particularly if they are post-menopausal (Carter, Bakowski and Hellmann, 1981).

Aged↗
PubMed1986

An afterloaded applicator for the interstitial irradiation of brain tumours.

A stereotactically implanted afterloaded system for the interstitial radiotherapy of brain tumours is described. The technique has the advantages of accuracy of dosimetry, no radiation hazard in the operating theatre and ease of afterloading with a source which may be inserted and removed at will. Caesium-137 is used, but the system could equally well be used with other isotopes.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1985

Social consequences of brain or liver relapse in small cell carcinoma of the bronchus.

The time spent in hospital when cerebral metastases occur as the first site of relapse in patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) has been analysed and compared to the consequences of relapse in the liver. In the course of a clinical trial with 370 patients, 50 patients relapsed initially in the brain and 20 in the liver. The 2 groups were comparable with respect to performance status at diagnosis and the amount of home support available. Patients who relapsed in the brain suffered a greater deterioration in performance status, and spent a greater proportion of their remaining life in hospital than did patients whose initial relapse was in the liver. This difference was most marked in patients who died soon after relapse. Radiotherapy (20 Gy in 5 fractions over one week or 30 Gy in 10 fractions over 2 weeks) and dexamethasone were not very effective treatments for brain relapse though subjective responses were common. The substantial morbidity and lengthy hospitalisation resulting from brain relapse compared with relapse at another site is a important factor to be considered in assessing whether prophylactic cranial irradiation should routinely be offered to patients with SCCL.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Radiotherapy in small cell cancer of the lung treated with combination chemotherapy: a controlled trial.

Three hundred and seventy one patients with extensive or limited small cell cancer of the lung took part in a randomised trial to evaluate irradiation of the primary tumour in patients treated with combination chemotherapy. They were randomly allocated to treatment either with chemotherapy alone (198) or with both chemotherapy and radiotherapy (173). All 371 initially received 12 weeks of chemotherapy after which they were categorised according to response. Only those with stable or responding disease continued with their allotted treatment. Thus 144 received chemotherapy alone and 135 received both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The design of the study permitted analysis of the effect of radiotherapy according to initial extent of disease and quality of early response to chemotherapy. Radiotherapy (40 Gy (4000 rad), one fraction a day over 20 days) did not improve the survival of patients in any category of initial extent of disease or early response to chemotherapy and was not effective in preventing local relapse.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1982

Radiotherapy for dysphagia due to gastric carcinoma.

Palliative treatment by radiotherapy was attempted in 17 cases of dysphagia, due to inoperable gastric carcinoma. Thirteen experienced a useful improvement in swallowing. Radiotherapy, using a moderate dose of radiation, is suggested as an alternative to intubation in such patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Use of the Curietron at The London Hospital.

The Curietron is a remotely controlled afterloading machine for gynaecological low dose rate intracavitary radiotherapy. The Curietron and its installation are described together with specially designed applicators intended to produce a source geometry similar to the Manchester configuration. Some of the practical problems met are discussed. The principal value of the Curietron lies in the marked reduction of radiation exposure to all staff concerned.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed1980

T3 bladder cancer--the case for salvage cystectomy.

Seven hundred and four patients with bladder cancer treated by radiotherapy at the London Hospital between 1965 and 1974 have been followed for a minimum period of 5 years. Invasive tumours were usually treated by radical radiotherapy. Cystectomy was reserved for patients whose tumours did not respond to radiation, recurred later on, or who developed complications from radiotherapy. The crude 5-year survival rate for T3 tumours in this series was 38%--similar to that obtained in other centres using pre-operative radiation followed by cystectomy, but this overall figure conceals the important difference between 2 distinct tumour populations. Nearly half of these tumours appear to be radiosensitive, giving a 56% crude 5-year survival rate for T3 tumours. The remainder are radioinsensitive, with only a 17% crude 5-year survival rate for T3 tumours. When there is a good initial response to radiotherapy there would seem to be no necessity to insist upon cystectomy.

Aged↗