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B S Jing

Publications and source records attributed to B S Jing.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

The psychophysiological assessment method for pilot's professional reliability.

BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown that a pilot's professional reliability depends on two relative factors: the pilot's functional state and the demands of task workload. The Psychophysiological Reserve Capacity (PRC) is defined as a pilot's ability to accomplish additive tasks without reducing the performance of the primary task (flight task). HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that the PRC was a mirror of the pilot's functional state. The purpose of this study was to probe the psychophysiological method for evaluating a pilot's professional reliability on a simulator. METHODS: The PRC Comprehensive Evaluating System (PRCCES) which was used in the experiment included four subsystems: a) quantitative evaluation system for pilot's performance on simulator; b) secondary task display and quantitative estimating system; c) multiphysiological data monitoring and statistical system; and d) comprehensive evaluation system for pilot PRC. Two studies were performed. In study one, 63 healthy and 13 hospitalized pilots participated. Each pilot performed a double 180 degrees circuit flight program with and without secondary task (three digit operation). The operator performance, score of secondary task and cost of physiological effort were measured and compared by PRCCES in the two conditions. Then, each pilot's flight skill in training was subjectively scored by instructor pilot ratings. In study two, 7 healthy pilots volunteered to take part in the experiment on the effects of sleep deprivation on pilot's PRC. Each participant had PRC tested pre- and post-8 h sleep deprivation. RESULTS: The results show that the PRC values of a healthy pilot was positively correlated with abilities of flexibility, operating and correcting deviation, attention distribution, and accuracy of instrument flight in the air (r = 0.27-0.40, p < 0.05), and negatively correlated with emotional anxiety in flight (r = -0.40, p < 0.05). The values of PRC in healthy pilots (0.61 +/- 0.17) were significantly higher than that of hospitalized pilots (0.43 +/- 0.15) (p < 0.05). The PRC value after 8 h sleep loss (0.50 +/- 0.17) was significantly lower than those before sleep loss (0.70 +/- 0.15) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: We conclude that a pilot's PRC, which was closely related to flight ability and functional state, could partly represent the pilot's professional reliability. It is worthwhile to further research using a pilot's PRC as a predictor of mental workload in aircraft design.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Qigong and L-1 straining maneuver oxygen system requirements with and without positive pressure breathing.

Based on the characteristics of respiration and the intrathoracic pressure in Qigong (Q-G) maneuvering, it has been theorized that the Q-G maneuver may lessen the lack of coordination between aircraft oxygen apparatus and anti-G maneuvers and may be more compatible with positive pressure breathing (PPB). In an experiment intended to test this hypothesis, 5 male volunteers, trained in Q-G and L-1 maneuvers, performed the Q-G and the L-1 maneuvers without and with (PPB) at 4 and 6 kPa, respectively, with 14 respiratory parameters being measured. The results demonstrated that, when performing Q-G maneuver, the maximal expiratory flow rate averaged 1.175-1.645 L.s-1, the inspiratory peak flow, 1.003-1.297 L.s-1. Both these values were markedly lower than those of the L-1 maneuver, and matched well the performance of current aircraft oxygen apparatus. From the blood pressure and heart rate values, it is evident that PPB can further promote the blood pressure-raising effect of the Q-G maneuver, and alleviate pilots' fatigue.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Lymphography for staging lymphomas: is it still a useful procedure?

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the current value of lymphography in a series of previously untreated patients with Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma seen at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center over a 1-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From September 1989 through August 1990, 313 previously untreated patients with lymphoma were seen at our institution. In 221 of these, lymphography and CT were performed for abdominal staging. These studies were reviewed to determine if the examinations were complementary, or if the results of one or the other changed the staging in a significant number of patients. Staging was based on clinical findings, as laparotomies are rarely performed at this time. RESULTS: Lymphograms were abnormal and CT scans were normal in two patients with Hodgkin's disease and in two with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Biopsy proof of nodal disease was not available for any of these, but the nodes did not change after therapy in three patients. The other patient was seropositive for HIV, and HIV disease itself can cause nodal abnormalities. In one patient with Hodgkin's disease and 12 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, lymphograms were normal and CT scans were abnormal, showing enlarged nodes and/or abnormal architecture. CT scans obtained after therapy showed regression of nodal and extranodal masses. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that lymphographic findings did not significantly contribute to staging in these patients. This departure from previous experience may be due to improved state-of-the-art CT. In addition, the use of a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy to treat the lymphomas has increased, diminishing the need for detection of subtle nodal changes.

Hodgkin Disease↗
PubMed1992

Current use of lymphography for staging lymphomas and genital tumors.

The current literature and the experience at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center were reviewed to determine the current status of the use of lymphography for staging of malignant disease. Lymphography continues to be used for staging and surveillance of the lymphomas and, to some extent, for staging of carcinoma of the cervix. Testicular tumors are now primarily staged and followed by CT and serum markers. Currently, other abdominal and pelvic tumors are not commonly evaluated with lymphography.

Female↗
PubMed1992

The characteristics and significance of intrathoracic and abdominal pressures during Qigong (Q-G) maneuvering.

In order to investigate the mechanism of raising the blood pressure by the Qigong (Q-G) maneuver, the changes of esophageal and gastric pressures were determined during this maneuver, and the data were compared with those from the L-1 maneuver. Eight subjects performed the Q-G maneuver at +1 Gz; their esophageal pressures (mean +/- S.D.) were -6.7 +/- 2.1 mm Hg in the inspiratory phase and 0.1 +/- 3.7 mm Hg in the expiratory phase; intragastric pressures (mean +/- S.D.) were 69.5 +/- 20.2 mm Hg and 63.4 +/- 22.6 mm Hg, respectively. In 22 centrifuge runs at +4.0 to 7.5 Gz and during Q-G maneuvering, 5 subjects had esophageal pressures of -9.0 +/- 3.3 mm Hg in the inspiratory phase and 1.6 +/- 7.2 mm Hg in the expiratory phase, and gastric pressures of 140.6 +/- 23.2 mm Hg and 138.7 +/- 29.5 mm Hg, respectively. The results showed that during Q-G maneuvering, even with a high-G load, the thoracic pressure remained negative or at low pressures while gastric pressures were remarkably raised. They both fluctuated little during respiration; therefore, a relatively large and constant pressure gradient between abdominal and thoracic pressures was maintained. Here lies the significant characteristic of blood pressure raising by the Q-G maneuver. It might possess theoretical significance for further study and development of anti-G maneuvers.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The characteristics and theoretical basis of the Qigong maneuver.

We have made a systematic experimental study since we proposed the Qigong (Q-G) maneuver in 1986. The purpose of this article is to summarize our 5-year research project. It describes the theoretical problems of the Q-G maneuver, including the mechanism of blood pressure elevation induced by the Q-G maneuver, analysis of the maneuver elements and their respective contribution, the theory and method of muscular contraction in the Q-G maneuver, and the theory and practice of seated posture in the anti-G maneuver. We also describe the characteristics of the Q-G maneuver in five aspects.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1991

Experimental verification of effectiveness and harmlessness of the Qigong maneuver.

A series of experiments involving the Qigong (Q-G) maneuver were conducted after our preliminary studies in 1986. Eighteen active fighter pilots served as subjects. After mastery of the Q-G maneuver in 5-7 sessions of training, tests at +1 Gz further verified that the blood pressure raising effect of this maneuver has the characteristics of rapid rising, minimal fluctuation and being readily maintained. The 18 subjects then underwent centrifuge tests. The tolerance to Rapid Onset Rate (ROR) (1 G/s) G-load in a relaxed, unprotected condition was 3.82 G on average; performing the Q-G maneuver, the tolerance rose to 6.64 G, an improvement of 2.82 G. One to two days later, 5 subjects with anti-G suits on and performing the Q-G maneuver tolerated 7.80 G on average (ROR 1 G/s), a gain of 3.95 G. Another 9 subjects performing the Q-G maneuver endured high sustained G (HSG) (ROR 3 G/s) of 6.5 G for 74.4 s on average (max 96 s) and 3 subjects endured HSG of 7.0 G for 57 s on average (max 82 s). During centrifuge tests, recorded physiological values showed good tolerance of the subjects; the respiratory pattern was basically different from that of M-1 or L-1 maneuvers. In further testing the harmlessness of the Q-G maneuver, gas metabolism, ear lobe oximetry and 8-channel EEG were carried out on these subjects. All these indices plus close monitoring during centrifuge tests proved that the Q-G maneuver does not lead to hypoxia or hyperventilation. It has been shown that the Q-G maneuver is an innovative G-protective maneuver that is remarkably effective, theoretically interesting, reliable, and practical. Its mechanism warrants investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Mucoceles of the paranasal sinuses: MR imaging with CT correlation.

The MR findings in six cases of paranasal sinus mucoceles are described. Two basic MR appearances were encountered: either moderate to marked signal hypointensity in the expanded sinuses on T1- and T2-weighted images (four patients) or moderate to marked signal hyperintensity on T1- and T2-weighted images (two patients). These patterns appear to represent inspissated or hydrated sinus contents, respectively. CT correlation revealed hyperdense mucoceles in the decreased MR signal group and hypo- or isodense mucoceles in the increased MR signal group. Superimposed allergic Aspergillus sinusitis was also present in two patients with hypointense mucoceles on MR.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

A preliminary report on a new anti-G maneuver.

Inspired by Traditional Chinese Medicine and Qigong, we designed a new anti-G maneuver, the Q-G Maneuver, which has proved promising. This maneuver consists of volition mobilization, stepwise tensing of leg and abdominal muscles, and maintenance of a shallow thoracic respiration throughout. It was tested on 24 pilots on the ground and 3 pilots on a centrifuge. All pilots were monitored with heart level blood pressure, oximetry, ear lobe pulse, CO2 concentration in exhaled gas, EEG and ECG; in centrifuge runs, peripheral vision was also monitored. Blood pressure was maintained at 180-240 mm Hg for more than 30 s without fatigue. On the centrifuge, the pilots tolerated a G load 2.25-3.0 G higher than without the maneuver, without any visual disturbance. Oximetry readings were 96-97%, and there was no evidence of hyperventilation. The ear lobe pulse was even enhanced during G load with the maneuver. Follow-up visits to 18 out of 24 pilots with 455 inflight applications of the maneuver showed that the maneuver is feasible and can be used effectively during high-G load.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1987

Lymphomas of the head and neck: CT findings at initial presentation.

CT findings were reviewed in 68 patients with untreated head and neck lymphoma. More than half of the patients with either Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were detected in the earlier stages (stage I or II). Four types of abnormalities were identified with CT: nodal involvement alone (type 1), extranodal involvement alone (type 2), a combination of extranodal and nodal disease (type 3), and multifocal extranodal disease with or without nodal involvement (type 4). In the 18 patients with Hodgkin's disease, a subgroup of mixed cellularity was most common; type 1 was the prevailing CT presentation, and no type 2 or 4 lesions were observed. In the 50 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, diffuse large-cell lymphoma was the most common histologic subtype, and the most common CT presentation was type 2, followed by type 3. Lymphomatous nodes may be extensive and confluent, but often they are smaller than 2 cm and rarely are necrotized. The most frequent extranodal sites of head and neck lymphomas are Waldeyer's ring, paranasal sinuses, and nasal cavity. Extranodal lymphoma cannot be differentiated reliably from the more commonly occurring carcinoma, although it is less often associated with invasion and destruction of adjacent bony structures. Multiple sites of extranodal involvement, with or without neck lymphadenopathy, may suggest a diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Head and Neck Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of jaws. A clinicopathologic study of 11 cases.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the jaws is a highly malignant tumor that recurs, metastasizes, and usually causes death despite aggressive surgical therapy. This clinicopathologic review looks at five patients with MFH of the maxilla and six with MFH of the mandible. Five male and six female patients ranged in age from 12 to 75 years (mean, 35.4 years). All patients had large lytic areas of bone destruction, often with soft tissue extension. Two cases were postirradiation sarcomas, one of the maxilla and the other of the mandible. All patients underwent surgery and eight patients received chemotherapy when disease recurred locally or metastasized. Seven patients had local recurrences 3 to 13 months following surgery, and six patients had distant metastases. Of the 11 patients, 7 died of their disease, 1 died of unknown causes, and another with extensive local disease was lost to follow-up after 1.7 years. Two patients with recurrent disease are alive at 18 and 27 months postoperatively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Primary lymphomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

Extranodal lymphomas which present in the nasal cavity and/or the paranasal sinuses are rare. Thirty-eight patients with disease that was clinically limited to the head and neck (Ann Arbor Stages IE-IIE) were admitted between 1947 and 1983. Twenty-eight patients were treated with radiotherapy alone and 10 received combination chemotherapy in addition. The overall 5-year survival figure was 56%. The corresponding result for Stage IE was 67%. No patient with Stage IIE disease survived 5 years. Extent of the extranodal disease also influenced results for Stage IE patients who were treated with radiotherapy only. When the extranodal disease was staged using the American Joint Committee TNM system, the 5-year disease-free survival for T1 and T2 patients was 78% as compared with 19% for patients with T3 and T4 disease. The addition of combination chemotherapy improved results for patients with T3 and T4 lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Lymphangiography in genitourinary cancer.

No radiographic technique is capable of detecting microscopic disease and so the lymphangiogram must always be expected to have more false-negative results when compared with the results of surgical staging. It is apparent, however, that gross nodal metastases can be detected with a high degree of accuracy for selected genitourinary tumors. In spite of advances in diagnostic imaging, the bipedal lymphangiogram continues to have a place in the staging of genitourinary tumors.

False Negative Reactions↗
PubMed1984

CT of soft-tissue structures of the neck.

Soft tissue structures of the neck include nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, thyroid, lateral pharyngeal space, and others. Computed tomography (CT) has a significant contribution to the diagnosis of the diseases of the soft tissue structures of the neck. The use of two planes, coronal and axial, in the region of the nasopharynx and oropharynx and axial plane at the level of the laryngopharynx, has added new dimensions, and soft tissue detail obtained by its use has yielded invaluable additional diagnostic information. CT has expanded our knowledge of the diseases of the soft tissue structures of the neck, but has not as yet replaced the more commonly used techniques. The disease process in the different areas of the soft tissues of the neck will be discussed in detail.

Head and Neck Neoplasms↗
PubMed1983

Sterilized metastases: a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma.

The usual indication of improvement in metastatic cancer is diminution of the mass. When a mass persists after treatment, it is presumed the lesion either does not respond or has stopped responding to the therapy. Two patients with brain metastases, one biopsy proven, from breast cancer and eight patients with presumed metastatic testicular cancer to the lung, liver, or retroperitoneum have been identified in whom surgery or autopsy revealed only necrosis and/or fibrosis in the persistent mass; the mass had been "sterilized." Although this phenomenon is not frequent, it is not uncommon in testicular cancer. Our observations are offered to make others aware that persistent mass need not indicate viable tumor. When sufficient examples are accumulated, some clues to predicting this phenomenon may help resolve the therapeutic dilemma it presents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Cranial computed tomography of breast carcinoma.

Cranial computed tomographic (CCT) manifestations of brain metastases were reviewed in 304 patients with carcinoma of the breast. Metastases were demonstrated in 103 patients; 13 had other significant abnormalities. Single lesions were found in 55 (54%) patients (cerebral hemisphere, 48; cerebellar hemisphere, 4; pineal, 1; pituitary and optic chiasm, 1; vermis, 1) and multiple metastases were found in 48 patients. Continuity with bony metastases was seen in 4 patients. Prior to contrast infusion, 13 (12.5%) patients with metastases had a normal CCT, and 13 (12.5%) showed lesions of increased attenuation. All metastases demonstrated enhancement following contrast infusion; 74 (72%) had a zone of surrounding "edema." Histopathologic-CCT correlation was available in 54 patients. Precontrast, increased attenuation of metastases was associated with hemorrhage or calcification, or both. Calcification accompanied by necrosis was the result of previous treatment. Following therapy, 3 patients demonstrated lesions that were impossible to differentiate from metastases by CCT, but proved histologically to have no viable tumor cells present.

Adult↗