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Biomedical subjects

B S Brown

Publications and source records attributed to B S Brown.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Immunodeficiency secondary to structural intestinal defects. Malrotation of the small bowel and cavernous hemangioma of the jejunum.

Two patients with gastrointestinal tract abnormalities were discovered to have significant defects in both humoral and cellular immunity. Patient 1, a 4-year-old girl with suspected food allergy, failure to thrive, and chronic diarrhea, exhibited a decreased serum IgG immunoglobulin level, decreased numbers of peripheral blood T lymphocytes (erythrocyte rosettes), decreased numbers of T-lymphocyte subpopulations (T3+, T4+), decreased responses of lymphocytes to common mitogens, and absent in vivo responses to delayed hypersensitivity skin test antigens. Patient 2, a 3-year-old girl with chronic anemia, presented with immunological abnormalities similar to those of patient 1. On investigation, both patients were found to have significant structural abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract. Patient 1 had a malrotation of the small bowel, while patient 2 had a cavernous hemangioma of the mid-jejunum. Following surgical correction of the gastrointestinal abnormalities, there was improvement in all immunologic values. By ten to 18 months after surgery, both patients demonstrated normal immunological function. Thus, anatomic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract that mimic more common childhood disorders, such as food allergy and anemia, may produce serious states of secondary immunodeficiency.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1986

Topical therapy for oropharyngeal symptoms of myasthenia gravis.

Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase are commonly used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. We studied a patient with mainly bulbar myasthenia gravis who did not tolerate oral pyridostigmine despite a clear clinical response. Treatment with nebulized pyridostigmine reduced her symptoms without systemic side effects. This route of therapy may benefit other patients.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1986

Alterations in plasma-volume-corrected blood components of marathon runners and concomitant relationship to performance.

The study was undertaken to determine the effects of running a marathon on concentration of various blood components resulting from phenomena other than fluid loss, and these were related to performance times. Twenty male marathon runners ranging from 20 to 50 years of age participated in the study. Blood samples were collected before and after the subjects ran in a marathon. Blood samples were analyzed for sodium, potassium, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, creatine phosphokinase, triglycerides, cholesterol, hematocrit, hemoglobin, protein, white blood cell number, uric acid, carbon dioxide, and iron. All of the blood parameters increased significantly in concentration with the exceptions of glucose and carbon dioxide which decreased. After accounting for plasma-volume loss (COR), there remained significant increases in blood serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, creatine phosphokinase, uric acid, iron, and whole-blood white blood cell number. Significant decreases in COR serum sodium, protein, glucose, and carbon dioxide were found. Lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase concentration changes support the concept of acute damage to muscle tissue resulting from marathon running. No strong relationship between performance time and other measured variables was found. COR measures were more representative of marathon induced blood changes from physiological dynamics other than plasma volume change than presently reported findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Breast cancer treatment: evolving approaches but stable results.

This report describes the outcome of 530 women with breast cancer diagnosed from 1968 through 1983 and represents a demographic population rather than a referred selected one. The data represents the results of evolving breast cancer treatment approaches during the past 2 decades and is particularly useful as a measure of the total population denominator, free of selection factors that confound reports detailing a surgical, radiation, or chemotherapy experience. During the time interval reviewed, the standard treatment approach of the primary changed from radical mastectomy to biopsy and radiation therapy. Chemotherapy policy evolved from single agent treatment for relapse to multiple drug programs as adjuvant or for relapse. The major findings were: The 5-, 10-, and 15-year survival rates for the intervals 1972-75, 1976-79, and 1980-83 were slightly better than the earliest interval 1968-71, but with no statistically significant improvement. The frequency of favorable disease (Stages Tis, 1) increased from 16 to 31 percent during the interval but the mean age remained the same suggesting that patient education programs, availability of health insurance, or mammography may have lead to identifying patients with more favorable disease. Mastectomy has been replaced by breast conserving surgery and radiation as the most common treatment of the primary. Patients treated by surgery and biopsy/radiation had identical survival outcomes. It was not possible to detect improved survival that could be ascribed to the adoption of multiple agent chemotherapy but the magnitude of the effect is calculated to be on the order of 2% of the total patient population diagnosed. Death due to breast cancer decreases with time after diagnosis but is still 4% per year, 10 years after treatment. The findings suggest that progress has been made in detection, breast conservation, and palliation of symptoms in many subpopulations, but the end results for the total breast cancer population have remained stable during an era when the treatment approach evolved markedly.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of the parasympatholytic activity of ACC-9358 and disopyramide.

ACC-9358 (N-[(3,5-di(pyrrolidinylmethyl)-4-hydroxy)benzoyl]aniline) is a newly developed analogue of changrolin, an antiarrhythmic agent used in the Peoples Republic of China. Since changrolin and other antiarrhythmic agents exert parasympatholytic activity which may limit their clinical usefulness, it was of interest to examine the parasympatholytic effects of ACC-9358. For comparative purposes we also studied the parasympatholytic activity of disopyramide. In guinea-pig isolated ileal strips, disopyramide, 3-30 microM, and ACC-9358, 100-300 microM, competitively antagonized carbachol-induced contractions with pA2 values of 5.78 and 4.17, respectively. In guinea-pig isolated right atria, disopyramide 3-30 microM, competitively antagonized methacholine-induced slowing of spontaneous beating with a pA2 value of 5.99 whereas ACC-9358, 3-300 microM, produced no significant muscarinic blockade in this preparation. Disopyramide (1.9-15 mg kg-1, i.v.), but not ACC-9358 (7.5-1.5 mg kg-1, i.v.), significantly increased rat pupil diameter in vivo. Disopyramide and ACC-9358 blocked vagal-induced reductions in heart rate in dogs anaesthetized with pentobarbitone. ED50 values were approximately 0.65 and 11.25 mg kg-1, respectively. We conclude that ACC-9358 possesses significantly less parasympatholytic activity than disopyramide.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The ultrasonographic features of nonimmune hydrops fetalis: a study of 30 successive patients.

Nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NHF) is four times as common as the immune form due to the efficacy of anti-D gamma globulin therapy and the lower incidence of Rh incompatibility. Forty successive patients were studied over a 10-year period. The diagnosis of NHF was made prenatally by ultrasonography in all 30 patients who had this examination. Ten patients did not have ultrasonography. NHF usually has a recognizable cause. Of those occurrences diagnosed at less than 21 weeks' gestation, the ultrasonographic features of fetal Turner syndrome--which include NHF--were present in 88.9%. All were fatal. In those diagnosed at over 21 weeks' gestation, the commonest associated disorder was fetal cardiac decompensation (48.3%). Fetal cardiac dysrhythmia was readily identified by real-time ultrasonography. In two patients with fetal supraventricular tachycardia and NHF at 32 weeks' gestation, cardioversion with prenatal digoxin therapy was attempted but was unsuccessful. Fetus-to-fetus transfusion resulted in NHF in only one fetus in each of five multiple pregnancies. NHF was fatal in 80% of newborns. Airway problems and pulmonary hypoplasia were the main causes of death in the neonate. Survivors came from those with tachydysrhythmia, congenital infection, Noonan syndrome, and the idiopathic form of NHF. When NHF is detected ultrasonographically, I recommend fetal cardiac ultrasonography; 2-D, M-mode, and Doppler imaging may also be needed. Fetal supraventricular tachycardia is a remediable condition and treatment in utero should be considered.

Edema↗
PubMed1985

Synthesis and antiarrhythmic and parasympatholytic properties of substituted phenols. 3. Modifications to the linkage region (region 3).

As part of a continuing program of systematically modifying the structure of the class I antiarrhythmic drug changrolin, we synthesized 15 analogues in which the linkage between the two aromatic regions was altered. High antiarrhythmic activity and low parasympatholytic activity was found when the linkage region, designated region 3, contained a carbonyl moiety, including ketones, amides, and ureas. Secondary amides were superior to tertiary amides, while amide reversal resulted in no change in activities. One compound in this series, 7, 2,6-bis(1-pyrrolidinyl-methyl)-4-benzamidophenol (ACC-9358), is undergoing preclinical evaluations.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Setting and counselor type as related to program retention.

Study was made of the relationship between successful treatment outcome and staff:client ratios in two types of treatment settings. Successful treatment was defined as retention in treatment for at least 6 months and program completion. Using a total sample of 5,405 discharged clients, it was found that there were no differences in outcome between community mental health centers and dedicated drug abuse treatment programs for clients whose primary drug of abuse was either an opiate or a nonopiate exclusive of marijuana. Community mental health centers were significantly more likely to retain minority group marijuana clients 6 months or more to treatment completion while dedicated drug abuse programs were significantly more likely to retain White marijuana clients 6 months or more to treatment completion. No differences in outcome were found for any of the three client groups in relation to program emphasis on advanced-degreed professionals as compared to paraprofessionals.

Community Mental Health Centers↗
PubMed1985

Minority group status and treatment retention.

Study was made of the extent to which majority/minority status within program was associated with treatment outcome. Examining situations in which Blacks, Mexican-Americans, and Whites constituted significant majorities or minorities within each of three treatment modalities, it was found that minority status had particular relevance for treatment retention and for type of discharge in drug-free outpatient programs. Minority status was less significant to treatment outcome in methadone maintenance and residential programming. Several hypotheses are offered to explain the greater significance of race/ethnic issues for outpatient drug-free programming.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1985

Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata.

Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata is a rare benign disorder in females characterized by multiple smooth muscle tumor nodules throughout the peritoneal cavity. All of the reported cases have been in menstrual-age women; some of whom have been pregnant or taking oral contraceptives. We report a postmenopausal woman who had symptoms related to bowel-wall involvement in two episodes 12 years apart.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Unique finding of prostatic tissue in a benign cystic ovarian teratoma.

Benign cystic ovarian teratomas are neoplasms with a 46,XX karyotype originating from a single abnormal ovarian germ cell after the first meiotic division. Since these tumors lack the Y chromosome (required for production of the H-Y antigen that is presumably obligatory for embryonic male sexual differentiation), identifiable male sex organ structures should not be found in the tumor. We report a case in which prostatic tissue was identified in a benign cystic ovarian teratoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Inhibition of cell-surface neutral protease of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells by potassium p-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno) benzoate.

Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) cells possess a trypsin-like neutral protease on the cell surface. The antimetastatic triazene drug potassium p-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno) benzoate (DM-COOK) inhibits this neutral protease, and also trypsin. Incubation of EAT cells with human erythrocytes (ratio of 1 to 5) at 37 degrees C for 18 h caused haemolysis of 28.8% of the erythrocytes. Addition of millimolar concentrations of DM-COOK to a fixed quantity (2.5 X 10(8)) of EAT cells caused a dose-related inhibition of haemolysis. DM-COOK was strongly bound to EAT cells and could not be removed by repeated washing.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1984

How safe is diagnostic ultrasonography?

Health care workers and patients alike are concerned about the safety of diagnostic ultrasonography in clinical practice. Evidence published to date on the immediate and possible long-term biologic effects of exposure to ultrasound in diagnostic procedures is reviewed in this paper. No harmful effect in the human fetus, child or adult following the diagnostic use of pulsed ultrasound has been reported. However, the question of long-term biologic effects cannot yet be answered. Continued vigilance and further research are required.

Adult↗