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Biomedical subjects

B S Aliakrinskiĭ

Publications and source records attributed to B S Aliakrinskiĭ.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Problem of desynchronosis during space flight].

Major problems of biorhythm are discussed. Among the numerous and diverse rhythms inherent in the human body (which is the subject matter of the present paper) circadian (essentially 24-hour) variations play the leading role. This kind of rhythm is of universal and mandatory character which makes it possible to categorize it as a law. The system of circadian rhythms incorporates elements of both synchronization and desynchronization. In the welfare state synchronization elements are prevailing while in space flight the specific weight of desynchronization increases due to the permanent desynchronization factor--weightlessness. Due to this, crewmembers are to adhere strictly to the work-sleep regimen.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Philosophical aspects of the theory of adaptation].

This paper discusses the general concepts of the problem of adaptation from the dialectic point of view which, according to F. Engels, is the most important pattern of thinking in natural sciences. Dialectics provides an analog and therefore a method for interpreting developmental processes, universal relationships in nature, transition from one area of research to another. From the point of view of dialectic laws adaptation acts as a contradictory process of habituation to various environments. The contradictory pattern of the adaptive process and its result is very distinct in terms of heredity and variability. A logical enlargement of the concept of adaptation is the transition to the study of homeostasis which is assumed to be its mechanism, a property which has developed in the course of evolution and fixed in heredity. This adaptive property is contradictory in its essence because homeostasis is a unity of stability and instability, a fluctuating constancy. In addition to the law of constancy of the inner melieu, there is a law of homeostatic deviations. This concept can be understood through an analysis of the system theory that includes a continuous variation and conservation of structure which indicates its ordered oscillation, that is, its rhythmicity. This clarifies the relationship between homeostasis and biological rhythmicity as a method of maintaining the former. Thus, a consistent analysis of the problem of adaptation can help identify transition from one area of research to another, specifically to the study of oscillatory processes in living systems, including such oscillatory processes that have characteristics of universality and necessity. Such processes are biological rhythms with a period of about 24 hours, that is, circadian rhythms.

Adaptation, Biological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current state of space biorhythm study].

The paper presents a review of the literature covering a new branch of science--space biorhythmology--that evolved in the 1960s. The paper surveys briefly publications on general biorhythmology that formed the basis for the new branch of science. The paper discusses specifically the investigations that formulated the basic concepts of space biorhythmology in theory and practice. It describes the problem of desynchronosis as one of the most important problems and outlines its involvement in the general adaptation syndrome as a necessary component. The paper gives a scheme of measures developed in the USSR with the purpose of preventing desynchronosis and stresses the advantages of further study of space biorhythmology.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Latent desynchronosis].

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Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Work and rest organization for the cosmonauts on a long flight].

Proper arrangement of work-rest cycles of crewmembers in long-duration space flight is a practically important task of space ergonomics, a field of science studying man's work capacity and methods of its increase. The basic principle of space ergonomics assuring high efficiency of space crewmembers is to cover every aspect of their activities. Of particular importance is the use of laws of biorhythmology, in order to select candidates least susceptible to desynchronosis and closely resembling each other in their biorhythmological status. At the present time, work-rest cycles in a prolonged space flight should be arranged on a 24-hour basis with a normal day-night alternation, including 8-hour night sleep and 2-hour day rest. Optimization of cosmonauts' activities in space demands that they strictly adhere to the recommended work-rest cycle; this can be achieved through their highly motivated desire only.

Activities of Daily Living↗