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Biomedical subjects

B Richards

Publications and source records attributed to B Richards.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Incidence and correlates of incontinence in stroke patients.

The incidence of incontinence in a series of 135 consecutive stroke patients was 51% (urine) and 23% (feces) within one year. In 75% the urinary incontinence started within the first two weeks, and in 41% it had cleared during that time. Incontinence at onset is associated with measures of severity of stroke (and of immobility for fecal incontinence). Among 92 survivors at one year, 15% were incontinent of urine, a proportion that rose in two- and three-year survivors to 23 to 24%, but by four years was again 14%, a level similar to that of the general elderly population. It is concluded that incontinence is more commonly a by-product of immobility and dependency than of involvement of the neurologic pathways, and most of it is transient.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1984

Aging and the coding of spatial information.

The notion that coding of spatial information occurs automatically and does not decline with age was examined by analyzing scores from the Tactual Performance Test for 284 participants (101 men and 183 women) ranging in age from 19 to 76. Significant differences in memory for location were observed across most of the age span. These results do not support Hasher and Zack's (1979) distinction between automatic and effortful processes and also suggest that age-related declines in memory are not necessarily confined to the elderly.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Treatment of invasive bladder cancer by local resection and high dose methotrexate.

Fifty-seven patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, categories pT2, pT3a and pT3b, were treated by transurethral resection of the tumour mass (54 cases) or partial cystectomy (3 cases) followed by 8 doses of methotrexate 2 g i.v. every 3 weeks with appropriate Leucovorin rescue. At completion of chemotherapy 6 months after TUR 33/57 patients were tumour-free; 5/57 had new superficial tumours; 13/57 had persistent tumour invading muscle, 3 showed tumour progression and 3 had died from treatment complications. One-year survival was 45/57 (82%); 2-year survival was 23/39. Although some patients developed metastases and others have grown new superficial tumours, of those surviving, the bladder was free of the original invasive tumour in 38/45 (84%) at 1 year and in 19/24 (79%) at 2 years. It is concluded that transurethral resection plus high dose methotrexate may offer an effective alternative to radiotherapy or cystectomy for a significant proportion of patients with invasive bladder cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Models for multi-band training and examining.

A substitute for traditional Typodont techniques is described. The production and use of acrylic models, which are attached to the dental chair, and allow the practice of routine clinical procedures, is recommended.

Models, Dental↗
PubMed1984

The influence of age on the clinical presentation and outcome of stroke.

Of 135 patients who survived the first 2 weeks following a stroke 25% were under the age of 65 years, 40% between 65 and 74 years and 35% were 75 years of age or older. Those under 65 years had a lower incidence of a previous history of lower limb arthritis, balance problems, and limited mobility but a greater incidence of ischaemic heart disease than those 65 years and over. This younger age group had a lower mortality and were more likely to progress beyond severe degrees of disability. However, if only those who survived the first year are included, then there was no difference in outcome between the age groups. In none of the parameters studied was there any difference between those 65 to 74 years of age and those 75 years and over. It was, however, those over the age of 74 years who were more likely to require long-term institutional care. These findings suggest that, although elderly 1-year survivors had a similar level of functional recovery to younger patients, other factors, probably social, affected the eventual placement of stroke patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1983

ABO, MNSs and rhesus blood groups in bladder cancer.

Data are presented on a group of cases of primary carcinoma of the bladder detailing their ABO, MNSs and rhesus blood antigenic phenotypes. Differences, either between all cases and controls or between particular stages of presentation and controls, have been found in the ABO red cell system as well as the MNSs red cell system. In the case of the ABO system an excess of the A gene is present but detailed study shows this to be only in patients with T1 and T2 tumours. No excess was seen in patients with carcinoma in situ or T3 or T4 stage disease. The S gene of the MNSs system is also in excess in cases of bladder cancer.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1983

Adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and 5-fluorouracil in T3, NX, MO bladder cancer treated with radiotherapy.

Radical radiotherapy alone has been compared with radical radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy using doxorubicin (Adriamycin) and 5-fluorouracil in a randomised prospective study on 129 patients presenting with T3, NX, MO transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. One hundred and ten patients were evaluable with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. The addition of this form of chemotherapy did not appear to influence the survival rate or the proportion of patients free from tumour. It cannot be recommended for routine use in the primary treatment of infiltrating bladder cancer.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1983

A phase II study of intravesical mitomycin C in the treatment of superficial bladder cancer.

Twenty-three patients with histologically proven superficial bladder cancer (Tis, Ta, T1) were treated with intravesical instillations of Mitomycin C at a dose of 20 mg in 20 ml of water 3 times weekly for 21 instillations. Seventeen patients (77%) showed complete disappearance of all known disease and a further 4 showed partial responses. In 8 patients toxic effects developed (thrombocytopaenia 1, chemical cystitis 2, skin rash 3, urinary tract infection 2). All resolved rapidly on stopping the treatment but were severe enough in 5 patients to prevent them from receiving a full course of treatment.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1983

Low-dose doxorubicin in the management of advanced carcinoma of the prostate.

Twenty-one patients with advanced metastatic carcinoma of the prostate, no longer responsive to conventional therapy, were treated with weekly low-dose doxorubicin (Adriamycin). Twelve had an impressive subjective response in terms of pain relief and improved performance status and in nine this was maintained for 3 or more months.

Doxorubicin↗
PubMed1983

Umbilical venous blood pH: a useful aid in the diagnosis of asphyxia at birth.

Umbilical venous blood, and umbilical arterial blood pH, PO2, PCO2, and base excess were determined in 453 term infants at birth. The results indicate that umbilical venous blood pH, and umbilical arterial blood pH are significantly related to each another. Acidosis, as defined by an umbilical venous blood pH less than 7 X 27, is associated with a lower PO2, a raised PCO2, and a reduced buffer base when compared with PO2, PCO2, and buffer base associated with a normal pH (7 X 27-7 X 42), or alkalosis (pH greater than 7 X 42). The infant's condition at birth was recorded using modified Apgar scores, in which the gradings were vigorous (5-6), intermediate (3-4), or depressed (0-2). In the neonatal period, neurological abnormalities occurred in infants who had been in a depressed condition at birth in the presence of acidosis. Other infants, who had been in a depressed condition with a normal pH or alkalosis and the remaining infants who had an intermediate or a vigorous condition at birth, did not manifest neurological abnormalities in the neonatal period. Our findings suggest that measurement of umbilical venous blood pH, whose values correlate well with those of umbilical arterial blood pH, in infants who are in a depressed condition at birth improves the clinical assessment of the severity of asphyxia.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1983

Ten genetic polymorphisms in bladder cancer.

Data are presented on a group of cases of primary carcinoma of the bladder, detailing red cell surface blood group antigenic phenotypes, serum haptoglobin phenotypes, and some red cell isoenzyme phenotypes. Account is taken of the stage of the disease at presentation. The results are compared with corresponding phenotype frequencies in groups of presumed healthy persons originating either in Yorkshire or County Durham. Differences in relative incidences were found in the haptoglobin, phosphoglucomutase (PGM), and some other systems. These are both differences between all cases and controls and between particular stages at presentation and controls.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Vincristine in advanced bladder cancer: a European organization for research on treatment of cancer (EORTC) phase II study.

Thirty-seven patients with measurable deposits or primary lesions arising from transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were treated with 1 mg/m2/week of vincristine. One complete response lasting 7 months was seen among the 23 patients with metastatic disease. Two partial responses were seen among the 14 patients with persistent primary tumor. Vincristine is not recommended for further evaluation as a single agent in transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Aged↗