Author in introductory part of the paper deals with several basic principles of the scientifical nomenclature, then with the up to date definition of "blood-groups". The so called "blood-groups" in the human and in animals represent biochemical, more exactly structurechemical polymorphisms, i.e. they are genetically regulated inherited variants of some functionally basic molecules. Consequently the expression "blood-groups"--which originally implied Landsteiner's ABO-system and it's groups--nowadays include various types (erythrocyte-membrane, serum, enzym etc.) of structural polymorphisms. Author recommends to sign serum samples ("Serotypes") as anti-A, anti-B and anti-A + B. Definition of "sub-groups" and "variants" is given. Author deals with the nomenclature of Rh-system including Rh-phenotypes and genotypes. At last description of symbols used in blood-group systems is given.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMed1977

[Ahaptoglobinemia (hypohaptoglobinemia), its incidence, etiology and significance in paternity serology].

Frequency of ahaptoglobinaemia (ahp) in adult population (on the base of investigation of 4000 cases) was found 0.225 per cent, in children (on the base of investigation of 119 children younger than 2 years) 0.94 per cent. Frequency of ahp among children younger 4 months 44 per cent. These observations support the hypothesis, on the role of a mutagen allel (Hp2m) in the origin of the ahp. If in cases of discussed paternity in the child ahp was revealed and the Hp constellation of the mother: putative father was: Hp 1--1 X 1--1 or 2--2 X 2--2--provided that the paternity with the testing of other blood-group systems could not be excluded--it's necessary to try to identify the true Hp type of the child--since it might give the possibility for exclusion of paternity.

Blood Group Antigens↗

PubMed1977

[The value of the newest results of blood group research in the study of hereditary diseases].

Authors discuss the recent development of chromosome-research, particularly problems concerning gene-localization and the role of blood group research in it. Blood-group Xg and its significance for the construction of the genetic map of human X chromosome and delineation of the pattern of inheritance of the X-linked disorders are described. Results of observations carried out on 178 pairs of twins of similar sexes in order to determine zygozity are shortly reviewed. The DZ : MZ ratio have been found 45 : 55.

Blood Group Antigens↗

PubMed1974