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Biomedical subjects

B Reisberg

Publications and source records attributed to B Reisberg.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Abnormal temporal lobe response in Alzheimer's disease during cognitive processing as measured by 11C-2-deoxy-D-glucose and PET.

Elderly controls and probable Alzheimer's disease patients underwent serial positron emission tomography (PET) studies during a baseline condition and while performing a verbal memory task. For the temporal lobes, all 7 Alzheimer patients demonstrated a relative shift in glucose metabolic rates to the right hemisphere during the memory condition relative to baseline, and 5 of 7 controls showed a shift to the left hemisphere. Baseline absolute regional metabolic rates replicate previous findings and were somewhat less useful than the memory challenge in differentiating patients from controls. These results indicate that a temporal lobe abnormality in Alzheimer's disease is related to memory performance.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Institutionalization of Alzheimer's disease patients: reducing precipitating factors through family counseling.

Although home-care of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients is more cost-effective than institutionalization, there is limited knowledge concerning the causes and prevention of institutionalization. The goal of this project was to determine the circumstances related to institutionalization of AD patients and to determine if a family counseling program can reduce these precipitating factors. In Study 1, we surveyed 109 family members of institutionalized AD patients. Primary precipitating factors included difficulties with patient behavior, insufficient auxiliary help and respite, financial difficulties, and caregiver emotional and physical complaints. In Study 2 we evaluated the effectiveness of an enhanced counseling program which included specific intervention techniques to cope with precipitating factors. For 41 AD family members who were seriously contemplating institutionalization, the precipitating factors prior to counseling were similar to those found in Study 1. After six months of individual counseling, home visits, and participation in caregiver support groups, there was only one placement, and a consistent reduction in the precipitating factors. These preliminary results suggest that a specially designed counseling program may delay or forestall institutionalization.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1987

Behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: phenomenology and treatment.

Limited information is available regarding the incidence, nature, and treatment of behavioral problems in Alzheimer's disease (AD). A chart review of 57 outpatients with a diagnosis of AD was conducted to examine these issues. Thirty-three (58%) patients had significant behavioral symptomatology (most commonly delusions, nonspecific agitation, and diurnal rhythm disturbances). Twenty-seven were treated with thioridazine (10-250 mg/day), 15 (55.6%) of whom were judged to have a positive response (mean maximum dose = 55 mg/day). Information regarding the characteristic phenomenology of the behavioral symptoms studied was used to design a clinical rating instrument for AD patients, the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (BEHAVE-AD), which should be useful in prospective studies of behavioral symptoms as well as in pharmacologic trials.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Longitudinal course of normal aging and progressive dementia of the Alzheimer's type: a prospective study of 106 subjects over a 3.6 year mean interval.

Elderly, community residing subjects (N = 106; mean age = 70.6 +/- 6.02 years) with cognitive functioning consistent with normal aging or dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT), were followed over a 3.6 year mean interval (range = 2.78 to 5.12 years). All subjects were assessed at baseline on the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), a global clinical instrument reflecting the continuum of cognitive dysfunction from normal aging to severe DAT. At follow-up subjects were reassessed with respect to mortality, institutionalization and clinical change, defined as at least a two-point change on the 7-point GDS. Our results suggest that patients at deterioration levels GDS greater than or equal to 4, are more likely to show negative outcomes, specifically, institutionalization (Ps less than .001), death (Ps less than .01), or, for the community residing remainder, clinical deterioration (Ps less than .05), than subjects from less impaired (GDS = 2 or GDS = 3) subject groups. Seventy-six per cent of subjects at deterioration levels four or greater (N = 34) had negative outcomes at follow-up, whereas ninety percent of subjects with deterioration levels less than four (N = 72) did not.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Dexamethasone suppression in dementia, depression, and normal aging.

Dexamethasone suppression tests (DSTs) were performed for 18 moderately demented elderly patients, 66 depressed elderly outpatients, and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy elderly control subjects. Seventeen percent of the demented patients and 4% of the normal subjects were DST nonsuppressors, compared to 38% of the total depressed group. The postdexamethasone plasma cortisol levels of the dementia group fell between those of the normal and the depressed subjects. In addition, demented patients had postdexamethasone cortisol levels significantly lower than those of depressed patients with high Hamilton depression scores. Older subjects in all diagnostic categories, including normal subjects, had higher postdexamethasone plasma cortisol levels.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Dementia: a systematic approach to identifying reversible causes.

The development of FAST is of great importance to clinicians in identifying possibly remediable complications of Alzheimer's disease and distinguishing them from the characteristic progression of the illness. Premature loss of speech in an otherwise uncomplicated Alzheimer's-type presentation should lead the clinician to strongly suspect focal cerebral pathology, especially cerebral infarction.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1985

Mucormycosis after open fracture injury.

An 18-year-old woman (a former intravenous drug abuser) sustained open tibial plateau and shaft fractures, followed by cellulitis and a wound infection caused by a Rhizopus species, which is a fungus of the class Mucorales. The patient responded to surgical debridement and a prolonged course of amphotericin B. No lymphocyte abnormality or other host immune defect could be demonstrated in this patient.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1984

Positron emission tomography and computed tomography assessments of the aging human brain.

The relationship between alterations in brain structure and brain function was studied in vivo in both young and elderly human subjects. Computed tomography revealed significant age-related ventricular and cortical sulcal dilatation. The cortical changes were most closely related to age. Positron emission tomography failed to show regional changes in brain glucose metabolic rate. The results suggest that the normal aging brain undergoes structural atrophic changes without incurring regional metabolic changes. Examination of the correlations between the structural and the metabolic measures revealed no significant relationships. These data are discussed with respect to the significant structure-function relationships that have been reported in Alzheimer disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Sister chromatid exchanges and cell cycle kinetics in Alzheimer's disease.

Six female outpatients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) along with four female controls of a similar age range were analyzed for sister chromatid exchangers (SCEs), cell cycle kinetics, and sensitivity to mutagens, in lymphocyte cultures. The mean level of SCEs for the AD patients was 11.40 SCEs/metaphase, while that for the controls was 9.12. The difference between the two groups was significant as shown by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (p = 0.05). Cell cycle was 50% longer both in the AD patients (31.7 hr) and aged controls (31.5 hr) than in normal young adults (21.76 hr). Mitomycin-C (MMC) decreased the mitotic index in AD patients by 35% and in controls by only 12%. MMC also increased the cell cycle duration in AD patients by a greater extent (20%) than it did in the controls (13.5%), and AD cells were more sensitive to the toxic effects of bromodeoxyuridine. What appeared to be chromosomes with prematurely divided centromeres were also observed in AD cells.

Aged↗