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Biomedical subjects

B Reid

Publications and source records attributed to B Reid.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Hydrops of the gallbladder associated with Kawasaki syndrome.

Hydrops of the gallbladder is recognized as a major component of the abdominal crisis occurring in children with Kawasaki syndrome. Sixteen patients with hydrops of the gallbladder secondary to Kawasaki syndrome have been diagnosed and treated at the Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles. One patient was treated by cholecystectomy and 15 nonoperatively without untoward sequelae. Nonoperative management with serial ultrasonic evaluation and close clinical monitoring is a safe method of treatment for this entity. Pathologic and clinical data are presented and discussed. Review of diagnosis and treatment of 41 reported cases of hydrops of the gallbladder in Kawasaki syndrome from the English language literature is also presented.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Bowel function measurements of individuals with different eating patterns.

Bowel function was assessed in 51 subjects: 10 women and seven men who habitually consumed an omnivorous, vegetarian, or vegan diet. The subjects on these diets had a mean intake of fibre of 23 g, 37 g, and 47 g respectively. Mean transit times were variable and not significantly different between the groups. Vegans, however, had a greater frequency of defecation and passed softer stools. All measurements of bowel function were significantly correlated with total dietary fibre. As dietary fibre increased mean transit time decreased, stool frequency increased and the stools became softer. Men produced a greater quantity of softer, less formed faeces than women. During the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle women excreted harder stools and had a significantly longer mean transit time. The finding that mean transit time was more highly correlated with faecal form than any of the other bowel function measurements could be of practical importance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Conformation, dynamics, and structural transitions of the TATA box region of self-complementary d[(C-G)n-T-A-T-A-(C-G)n] duplexes in solution.

Structural and kinetic features of the TATA box located in the center of the alternating self-complementary d(C-G-C-G-T-A-T-A-C-G-C-G) duplex (TATA 12-mer) and d(C-G-C-G-C-G-T-A-T-A-C-G-C-G-C-G) duplex (TATA 16-mer) have been probed by high-resolution proton and phosphorus NMR spectroscopy in aqueous solution. The imino exchangeable Watson-Crick protons and the nonexchangeable base protons in the TATA box of the TATA 12-mer and TATA 16-mer duplexes have been assigned from intra and inter base pair nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) measurements. Imino proton line-width and hydrogen exchange saturation recovery measurements demonstrate that the dA X dT base pairs in the TATA box located in the center of the TATA 12-mer and TATA 16-mer duplexes are kinetically more labile than flanking dG X dC base pairs. The proton and phosphorus NMR parameters of the TATA 12-mer monitor a cooperative premelting transition in the TATA box prior to the onset of the melting transition to unstacked strands. Phosphorus NMR studies have been unable to detect any indication of a right-handed B DNA to a left-handed Z DNA transition for the TATA 12-mer duplex in saturated NaCl solution. By contrast, we do detect the onset of the B to Z transition for the TATA 16-mer in saturated NaCl solution. Proton and phosphorus NMR studies demonstrate formation of a loop conformation with chain reversal at the TATA segment for the TATA 12-mer and TATA 16-mer duplexes on lowering the DNA and counterion concentration. The imino protons (10-11 ppm) and phosphorus resonances (3.5-4.0 ppm; 4.5-5.0 ppm) of the loop segment fall in spectral windows well resolved from the corresponding markers in fully paired segments so tha it should be possible to identify loops in longer DNA helixes. The equilibrium between the loop and fully paired duplex conformations of the TATA 12-mer and TATA 16-mer is shifted toward the latter on addition of moderate salt.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1985

An unusual etiology of trigger finger: a case report.

A case of triggering of the right long finger presented in a patient with obvious recurrence of a cavernous hemangioma (unrelated to the triggering). A rare cause of triggering, a giant cell tumor of tendon sheath in the carpal canal, was found at operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Alveolo-capillary permeability in human septic ARDS. Effect of high-dose corticosteroid therapy.

High-dose corticosteroid therapy has been advocated as adjunctive therapy in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We evaluated the effect of pharmacologic doses of corticosteroid (methylprednisolone and dexamethasone) on alveolo-capillary permeability in human septic ARDS by examining the change in appearance of intravenously administered iodine 131 (131I) human serum albumin (I-HSA) into broncho-alveolar secretions, before and after corticosteroid administration. Of 19 patients examined, in 14 (group 1) the clearance of I-HSA was reduced by corticosteroid (pre, .204 +/- .08 ml;/hr; post, .096 +/- .01 ml/hr; P less than .001), while in five (group 2) it was unaffected (pre, .23 +/- .02 ml/hr; post, .215 +/- .01 ml/hr; P=NS). Group 2 patients were more severely ill than group 1 patients in that their mean intrapulmonary shunt fractions and mean pulmonary artery pressures were higher. We conclude that high-dose corticosteroid therapy may reduce alveolo-capillary permeability in human septic ARDS if used early in the course of the illness.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1980

Total exchangeable potassium in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition.

Total exchangeable potassium (Ke) measurements were done on 13 patients who received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) at 25% dextrose and 2.5% amino acids (AA) (a hypertonic dextrose solution) by central vein, and 12 patients who received TPN as 10% dextrose, 10% fat emulsion (Intralipid), and 2.5% AA with lipid supplying about 60% of the nonprotein calories. There were 13 patients with benign diseases, three with carcinoma resected for cure, four with sepsis, three with severe burns, and two receiving chemotherapy for cancer. All but four of the septic and three of the burned patients had lost more than 10% of their normal body weight. A tracer dose of 150 to 300 microCi of K42 was injected intravenously during the first few days of the TPN therapy and a 48-hour urine collection and 24-, 36-, and 48-hour urine spot samples were obtained. Measurement of Ke was repeated after 7, 14, or 21 days of TPN therapy. Calories per kilogram per day, delta K per day, and percent delta K per day were determined for each patient and the data entered into a Textronics graphics computer for selection of curves of best fit. Similar curves of calories per kilogram per day versus delta K per day were obtained for the central and peripheral TPN groups. Intercepts where the body cell mass was maintained were at 32 calories/kg/day for the central TPN group and 34 calories/kd/day for the peripheral TPN group. Patients in both groups received a minimum of 0.6 gm protein/kg/day and the majority received from 0.8 to 1.2 gm protein/kg/day. Protein intake correlated with delta K per kilogram per day in the central but not the peripheral TPN group. We conclude that in nonseptic malnourished patients, an Intralipid calorie is as efficient as a dextrose calorie and that delta K is related to caloric rather than protein intake. None of the septic or burned patients maintained his body cell mass. However, they all received less than 30 calories/kg/day for a number of reasons.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

Prostaglandins in human milk.

Levels of prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha were measured by radioimmunoassay in aliquots of foremilk and hindmilk obtained at different stages of lactation (colostrum, transitional, and mature milk) from six healthy nursing mothers who delivered at term. Immunoreactive prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha were detected in all fresh human milk samples, but not in cows' milk-based formulas. Further studies are necessary to investigate the role of these hormones in the physiologic function, the extrauterine adaptation, and the cytoprotective effect on the gastrointestinal tract in the breast-fed human infant.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1979

Documentation of pulmonary capillary permeability in the adult respiratory distress syndrome accompanying human sepsis.

Current evidence suggests that pulmonary edema accompanying human sepsis may result either from changes in the serum oncotic and hydrostatic pressures or an increase in the permeability of the pulmonary microvasculature. In this study, we compared the "clearance" of injected 131I-labeled human serum albumin from blood to bronchoalveolar secretions in intubated patients with pulmonary edema secondary to sepsis or myocardial infarction. A significantly increased mean +/- SE clearance of the radionuclide was seen in patients with sepsis (0.34 +/- 0.03 ml per hour) compared to those with myocardial infarction (0.043 +/- 0.008 ml per hour) (P less than 0.001), although both groups had similar degrees of edema on chest radiographs. Because the patients with sepsis had no severe decrease in serum oncotic pressure (18.4 +/- 5.0 mm Hg) or evidence of left heart failure, as determined by the pulmonary wedge pressure (11.0 +/- 6.8 mm Hg), we concluded that the genesis of the pulmonary edema in sepsis was due to an increase in pulmonary microvascular permeability, as measured by the increased clearance of 131I-labeled human serum albumin.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Spoken words and manual signs as encoding categories in short-term memory for mentally retarded children.

The release from proactive inhibition paradigm was used to test differential encoding of manual signs and spoken words by six severely retarded children. Scores for shift conditions were significantly different from scores for nonshift conditions on the last trial, indicating that manual signs were encoded differently from spoken words for short-term memory storage. Implications of separate encoding categories for the investigation of language processes were discussed.

Adolescent↗