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Biomedical subjects

B Raphael

Publications and source records attributed to B Raphael.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Distinctive nature of mountain sport maxillo-facial injuries (author's transl)].

Mountain sports were the cause of 400 facial injuries treated in he Maxillo-facial Surgical Unit in Grenoble over a period of 5 years. Deltaplane injuries are becoming more frequent. Isolated facial injuries represent 57 p. cent of the cases treated. The various types of lesions encountered are described, and the distinction drawn between those treated as emergencies, and those for which urgent treatment could be delayed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Disaster: the helper's perspective.

The responses to disaster and death vary enormously, but there is much to suggest that they are not confined to those who are directly affected. The helpers, too, may be "victims" of the disaster, and it is important that their psychological needs are perceived and met. There is an indication that, if this is done, considerable psychological morbidity may be prevented.

Disasters↗
PubMed1980

Primary prevention: fact or fiction.

This paper is a review of studies oriented to the primary prevention of psychiatric disorder. Difficulties in this field are noted, including current aetiological concepts, outcome measures, techniques and processes, methodological problems, humanitarian and ethical issues and the role of social processes. Studies in several different areas of primary prevention are described. These include projects directed towards parenting processes, vulnerable children, crisis intervention, psychosomatic variables, biological factors, mental health education and community processes. Resistances to preventive work are outlined. It is concluded that much work in this field represents a "call" for prevention; that diffuse interventions for diffuse population groups to achieve diffuse outcomes may not lead to demonstrable effects in prevention. Specific interventions directed towards high risk populations to achieve specific prevention goals have shown that primary prevention may be accomplished in some areas.

Child↗
PubMed1979

The triad of hemochromatosis, hepatoma and erythrocytosis.

The triad of hemochromatosis, hepatoma and erythrocytosis is a rare combination. Hemochromatosis is often not recognized until the patient presents with the symptoms of hepatocellular carcinoma and erythrocytosis, and the development of erythrocytosis is an important clue to the under-lying hepatoma. The high serum iron concentration and the high saturation of the iron-binding protein, as well as the typical bone marrow hemosiderin pattern, are important aids in the recognition of hemochromatosis. To date, all patients with this triad have been elderly males. The clinical course is usually one of rapid deterioration and death. The seven previously reported cases have been reviewed and the relationship of the erythrocytosis to the increased production of erythropoietin is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Mourning and the prevention of melancholia.

Freud suggested that a high level of ambivalence in the previous relationship between the bereaved and the deceased was likely to complicate the process of mourning, perhaps leading to melancholia. Within a study testing the effectiveness of preventive intervention, a subgroup of recently bereaved widows (n = 22) were rated as having had a highly ambivalent marital relationship with their spouses. Psychotherapeutic intervention to promote the resolution of the ambivalence within the mourning process was given to a randomly selected group of these women during the first three months following the husbands' deaths. All subjects were followed up independently by questionnaire 13 months after the death. Intervention subjects (n = 12) showed significantly better general health and a lower level of depressive illness than controls (n = 10).

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Traumatic lesions of the parotid salivary system. 15 cases (author's transl)].

On the basis of 15 cases, the authors define their attitude to traumatic lesions of the parotid salivary system. In the first place, such lesions must be accurately diagnosed by careful examination and catheterisation of the papilla. This simple manoeuvre makes it possible to avoid emergency sialography. Secondly, treatment varies according to the type of lesion: with a lesion of the facial nerve, suture or nerve graft in the case of loss of substance; with a minimal parenchymatous lesion, observation is necessary after the avoidance of surgery or drainage; with a severe parenchymatous lesion, parotidectomy is necessary, with exploration of the facial nerve.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Preventive intervention with the recently bereaved.

To study the effectiveness of preventive intervention in lowering postbereavement morbidity, 200 widows were assessed in the early weeks following their husbands' deaths. Subjects at risk for postbereavement morbidity were selected and randomly allocated to experimental (N = 31) and control (N = 33) groups. Specific support for grief and encouragement of mourning was carried out with the experimental group during the first three months; no intervention was given to the control group. All were followed up 13 months later with a validated health questionnaire. There was a significant lowering of morbidity in the intervention group as compared to the control group (P less than .02). The most significant impact of intervention occurred with the subgroup of intervention and control subjects who perceived their social networks as very nonsupportive during the bereavement crisis (P less than .001).

Adult↗