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Biomedical subjects

B R Jones

Publications and source records attributed to B R Jones.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and chronic papillary conjunctivitis in London due to adenovirus type 19.

Since July 1973 cases of keratoconjunctivitis resembling epidemic keratoconjunctivitis were observed in the External Eye Disease Clinic at Moorfields Eye Hospital; City Road, London. Adenovirus type 19 was isolated in human embryonic kidney cells from 21 patients. The majority were males between 20 and 40 years old. A small hospital outbreak involving six patients occurred. Clinical features of the disease, consisting of moderate to severe follicular conjunctivitis, major subepithelial punctate keratitis, sometimes with pseudomembrane and scarring, were closely similar to those of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis caused by adenovirus type 8. This similarity, as well as the ability of the agent to cause hospital outbreaks, indicates that adenovirus type 19 is a cause of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. A case of bilateral chronic papillary conjunctivitis that persisted for 16 months following an acute onset was described. Adeno 19 was isolated from the eye of the patient after 12 months of recrudescent or recurrent illness. Chronic adenovirus infection lacking the usual clinical picture of an acute follicular reaction has not hitherto been described. Such cases are probably important because of the obvious danger of continuing the carriage and shedding of infective adeno 19 from one outbreak to another, by presenting subsequently in eye clinics, and providing an unrecognised source of infection to initiate further outbreaks of hospital transmission.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1977

Treatment of TRIC infection of the eye with rifampicin or chloramphenicol.

An open trial was carried out on 63 patients in London to assess the efficacy of 1% rifampicin eye ointment in comparison with 1% chloramphenicol eye ointment in the treatment of sexually transmitted TRIC infection of the eye. Patients included were selected on the basis of positive cultures for Chlamydia trachomatis. Three weeks' treatment with rifampicin eye ointment used 3 times daily was not sufficient to cure the disease, but a 6 or 7 week course gave 90% clinical and microbiological cure rate. Treatment with chloramphenicol eye ointment 3 times daily for 4 to 6 weeks failed to cure the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Modification of the microimmunofluorescence test to provide a routine serodiagnostic test for chlamydial infection.

A modification of the microimmunofluorescence test to provide a practicable routine serodiagnostic test for detecting and characterising chlamydial infection is described which uses four antigen pools, one of which corresponds with each of the four main clinical and epidemiological types of chlamydial infection. The three subgroup A Chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) pools are: pool 1, hyperendemic trachoma TRIC agent serotypes A, B, and C; pool 2, paratrachoma TRIC agent serotypes D, E, F, G, H, I, and K; pool 3, lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) agent serotypes L1, L2, and L3. Pool 4 contained four representative isolates of subgroup B Chlamydia (Chlamydia psittaci). For routine purposes sera need be screened only against these four representative antigen pools. This will detect antibody and indicate which clinical and epidemiological type of chlamydial infection is implicated, thereby clearly distinguishing those infections that are due to C. psittaci. The pattern of the cross-reactions may indicate the individual serotype involved, and further titration requiring a maximum of four individual antigens is sufficient to determine the serotype. The slight loss in sensitivity (twofold) is more than compensated for by the reduction in cost and the tenfold increase in the total number of sera which can be examined.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1977

Potential role of amphotericin B methyl ester in the prevention and therapy of herpetic keratitis.

Amphotericin B methyl ester (AME), a semisynthetic derivative of amphotericin B, was studied in the rabbit cornea for its potential role in prevention and therapy of HSV, vaccinia virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus. It was effective in the prevention of lesion formation by these three viruses and dose-related antiviral effects were shown. Of these viruses HSV was the most sensitive to AME. The antiviral effect of AME was additive with those of IDU and ribavirin. However, it was not effective in treating established lesions due to HSV and vaccinia virus. Since its mode of action is to bind to the sterol sites of the viral envelope, it is suggested that AME should also be effective against other enveloped DNA and RNA viruses. A new method of therapy for epithelial herpetic keratitis in humans using a combination of AME with MWD is proposed.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1977

Corticosteroids in the management of herpetic eye disease.

The discriminate use of topically applied corticosteroids to modify or abolish the inflammatory response in herpetic stromal keratitis, has, as its objectives, the prevention of visual loss from corneal scarring and disorganization and a lessening of the morbidity associated with this disese. Steroids may be expected to have a profound anti-inflammatory effect in antibody-complement mediated inflammation and are effective in delayed hypersensitivity as in homograft rejection. The equally profound effect of pharmacological vasoconstriction may enable steroids to impede both afferent and efferent pathways in an immunological reflex arc, and they may be expected to reduce inflammation of nonimmunogenic origin. The adverse effects of the misapplication of these potent drugs in herpetic keratitis, in terms of an increase in the rate of complications and in the severity and morbidity of the disease, should be emphasized again.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1977

Prospects of prevention of recurrent herpetic eye disease.

Various theories of recurrence of herpetic disease are outlined to indicate the potential role that interferon, interferon-inducers, or a hypothetical perfect synthetic antiviral may have in preventing recurrences, and the possibilities of minimizing trigger effects are considered. Attention is drawn to certain aspects of the management of herpetic eye disease that have a direct bearing on the incidence of subsequent recurrence. There is a need to initiate a movement to mobibize ophthalmologists everywhere to educate general practitioners in order to restrain them from harmfully using steroids in undiagnosed red eyes.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1977

Management of herpetic eye disease.

We define in this paper a rational approach to the management of the various stages of herpetic eye disease. We consider in more detail comparisons between idoxuridine (IDU), trifluorothymidine (F3T), and adenine arabinoside (Ara-a) (derived largely from clinical trials in herpetic ulcers). We discuss metaherpetic ulcers and certain aspects of keratoplasty.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Cytotoxic effects of emetine hydrochloride in the kidney of Long-Evans rats.

Emetine hydrochloride has been used to study its effects in the rat kidney, Sublethal doses of the drug at 10.0 mg/kg body weight of the animal were administered at 12 and 24 h intervals. Certain morphological changes occurred within the kidney. These changes involved the formation of vacuoles, swelling of mitochondria, disruption of basal membranes, deterioration of red blood cells, production of convoluted membranes and fibril-like structures. The earliest changes were observed 12 h after treatment with the drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Topical therapy of ulcerative herpetic keratitis with human interferon.

55 patients with dendritic ulcer have been treated in a double-blind randomised manner by minimal wiping debridement of their ulcers followed by daily application of either partially purified human interferon (P.I.N.F.) or placebo. There were 6 recurrences of epithelial herpetic disease in 30 patients who received P.I.N.F. and 13 in 25 who received placebo. This provides the long-awaited data proving the antiviral effect of exogenous interferon in treatment of naturally occurring viral disease in man, and furnishes a sighting shot on the lower edge of the target of effective therapy.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1976

Optimal schedules for use of interferon in the corneas of rabbits with herpes simplex keratitis.

The 50% infectious dose of a preparation of herpes simplex virus was measured in eyes of rabbits by a multiple corneal inoculation method. One hour after inoculation of virus, one eye was treated with drops of human leukocyte interferon, and the other was treated with saline or with a different dose of interferon. Results from groups of three to four rabbits were combined for analysis. Treatment reduced the 50% infectious dose of virus in proportion to the concentration of interferon applied (within the range of 6.5 X 10(4)-1.3 X 10(6) units/ml) and not according to the total number of units instilled. Different treatment schedules were tried. Two applications of interferon each day were as effective as eight applications at intervals of 15 min or 1 hr. One application produced near-maximal antiviral effects for 18-24 hr. Thus, in human herpetic keratitis, a single daily application of the most concentrated available preparation of human interferon might be the most efficient schedule of treatment.

Animals↗