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Biomedical subjects

B Quinn

Publications and source records attributed to B Quinn.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Occupational therapy manpower: Ontario's critical shortage.

The following report prepared by a task force of employers and consumer groups underlines the need to develop strategies to meet current shortages and future requirements for occupational therapy manpower. Increasing demand for occupational therapy services is in response to an increase in service programs funded by the Ministry of Health, changing philosophies of care and management for the disabled, and a clearer understanding of the role of the occupational therapist in the physical and mental well-being of the disabled. This trend is expected to continue over the next five years and place additional stress on an already exhausted supply of manpower. The data used for forecasting manpower requirements in this report were that of Hospital Statistics, Table 8B and Ontario Home Care Programs statistics. By 1990-91, given the rate of growth in these two sectors, projected attrition and projected output from educational programs, an additional 1048 occupational therapists will be required over and above available resources at that time. Strategies must be put into place to offset the impact of this occupational therapy manpower shortage in Ontario. Considerations in the development of strategies are briefly discussed and suggestions are made to address this problem both in the short and long term.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1988

National perspective. The importance of an expanded practice base.

In summary, the predicted shifts in focus and site of future health care delivery will have a marked effect on occupational therapy. An emphasis on promotion and prevention and on multi-optional non-institutional settings for the delivery of care will necessitate adjustment in a number of areas. Manpower planners must be made aware of these trends and ensure that adequate provision be made to meet the needs. Together with increasing manpower supply, alternate models of service delivery must be considered. A redefinition of the role of the therapist as educator and consultant will be required. This will also afford an opportunity to establish a two-tiered approach with the availability of auxiliary personnel. These changes will necessitate that university curricula reflect content directed towards promotion and prevention and the community based management of chronic disability. Community practice is holistic, client-centered, challenging, integrated, and relevant. It is the wave of the future. Are we prepared?

Canada↗
PubMed1987

Expression of the prodynorphin gene in male and female mammalian reproductive tissues.

Recent studies suggest that opioid peptides may be involved in modulating the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis at a variety of levels in both males and females. We report here the presence of mRNA coding for the opioid peptide precursor prodynorphin in rat ovary, uterus, and testis. Expression of this opioid peptide precursor gene is compared to expression of two other opioid peptide precursor genes, proenkephalin and proopiomelanocortin, in mammalian reproductive tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis reveals that in the rat testis, prodynorphin-derived peptides are present in Leydig cells. The distribution of dynorphin immunoreactivity in various reproductive tissues was determined. Male reproductive tissues of the rat, rabbit, and guinea pig as well as rat ovary and uterus all contain detectable levels of dynorphin immunoreactivity. These observations suggest that prodynorphin-derived peptides may exert paracrine and/or autocrine effects in mammalian reproductive tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Immunohistochemical evidence for subpopulations of dynorphinergic neurons.

Biochemical studies have shown that the dynorphin precursor can generate at least seven opioid peptides. We report here a study of dynorphin products analyzed on adjacent semithin sections of rat brain, showing evidence for differential peptide localization among magnocellular neurons. In the oxytocinergic nucleus of the anterior commissure, staining was strong for dynorphin B but very weak for other prodynorphin markers; in the supraoptic nucleus, a discrete subset of dynorphin neurons were positive for leu-enkephalin.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A quality assurance method for community occupational therapy.

Fiscal constraints, service withdrawal, and litigation in the health care sector have created an unquestionable need for accountability in health services. Therefore, this paper presents a method of quality assurance for use in community occupational therapy. Detailed attention is given to methodological issues, particularly those related to selecting an approach. A process audit approach was chosen for this study, and the results of its pilot application to a sample of depressed patients are presented and discussed. In addition, preliminary work on reliability and validity of the method are presented. Test-retest and interrater reliabilities were found to be .734 and .728, respectively, and assertions of normative and criterion validity were supported. The results of the audit are presented to illuminate aspects of the method that need further refinement.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1980

Control of breathing during acute hemorrhage in anesthetized cats.

We studied in anesthetized cats the ventilatory response to acute blood loss under hyperoxic iso-capnic conditions. From a blood pressure, of approximately 150 down to approximately 70 mm Hg ventilation increased on the average by 2.5 times. The ventilatory response was characterized by two phases: there was an initial phase (down to a PB approximately 100 mm Hg) of increase in frequency due to an excitatory effect on bulbo-pontine respiratory timing which was estimated from the duration of breaths following occlusion of the airways at the end expiratory volume. This effect was mainly due to the withdrawal of inhibitory afferents from the baroreceptors of the aortic arch. To this phase corresponded the phase of vasomotor compensation. Subsequently there was a phase of excitatory effect on the respiratory output which was estimated from the rate of change of the pressure developed in the airways during occluded breaths. This effect was mainly due to afferents from carotid sinuses; a minor role was due to the decrease in inhibitory afferents from carotid baroreceptors while the greater part was likely to be due to the hypoxic stimulation of glomus cells due to reduced blood flow. Following vagotomy above the superior laryngeal and sinus denervation the excitatory effect on respiratory timing and output were reduced to about 30% of that observed in intact cats.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Histamine and phenyldiguanide induced tachypnea in hypercapnia and hypoxia.

The rapid shallow breathing of pulmonary vagal origin following administration of histamine (H) and phenyldiguanide (PDG) was studied at different levels of hypercapnic and hypoxic stimulation. At all levels of chemical drive H and PDG caused an excitatory effect on timing of breathing and an inhibitory effect on the respiratory output. The latter was evaluated from the mean inspiratory flow rate and the mean rate of change of pressure developed in the lungs during an inspiratory effort against closed airways. The timing effect was greater at low than at high PaCO2 while the opposite was true for the output effect. At all PaCO2, H and PDG decreased the volume-threshold for termination of inspiration (leftward displacement of the VT vs TI relationship) of the VT Vs TI relationship). Hypoxia increased the respiratory output in control as much as with drug stimulation. Moreover, hypoxia did not affect the volume-threshold curve both in control and with H and PDG. We concluded that vagal afferents stimulated by H and PDG (irritant and/or J receptors) interfere with the timing and output response to central chemoreceptors stimulation (CO2 sensitivity) without affecting the response to peripheral chemoreceptors stimulation (mainly hypoxic chemosensitivity).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathological glial tau accumulations in neurodegenerative disease: review and case report.

Abnormal deposits of tau protein accumulate in glia in many neurodegenerative diseases. This suggests that in some instances the disease process may target glial tau, with neuronal degeneration a secondary consequence of this process. In this report, we summarize the pattern of glial tau pathology in various neurodegenerative disorders and add original findings from a case of sporadic frontotemporal dementia that exhibits astrocytic tau pathology. The neurodegenerative diseases span the spectrum of relative neuronal and glial tau involvement, from disorders affecting only neuronal tau to those in which abnormal tau deposits are found only in glia. From this, we conclude that glial tau can be a primary target of the disease process, and that this can lead to neuronal degeneration.

Aged↗