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Biomedical subjects

B Pollard

Publications and source records attributed to B Pollard.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Use of single-frequency bioimpedance at 50 kHz to estimate total body water in patients with multiple organ failure and fluid overload.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between single-frequency bioimpedance at 50 kHz (both total body impedance and segmental impedance) and total body water, measured using tritiated water in the presence of the severe fluid retention seen in multiple organ failure. DESIGN: Prospective, controlled study. SETTING: General intensive care unit. SUBJECTS: Twenty patients with multiple organ failure and 30 normal volunteers, of whom a subgroup of ten had total body water measured. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Total body water and total and segmental bioimpedance values at 50 kHz were measured using tritiated water and a Holtain body composition analyzer in 20 patients with multiple organ failure and in ten normal volunteers. An additional 20 normal volunteers also had segmental and total body impedance measured. There was no difference in the linear regression lines constructed for the patients and the volunteers, but the SEM in the patients (7.6 L) was four times that seen in the normal subjects (1.9 L). In a further seven patients, the impedance technique overestimated the change in total body water, deduced from acute changes in weight, by between 0% and 46% (median, 12%). In the patients, who were supine, the knee-ankle segment contributed significantly more to total body impedance than it did in the normal volunteers (42.5% vs. 34.4%; p < .001), who were upright and mobile immediately before the measurement. CONCLUSIONS: Although single-frequency bioimpedance does give an indication of total body water and change in total body water, it is neither precise nor accurate enough to be the sole guide to fluid therapy. The proportion of total impedance contributed by the knee-ankle segment, which contains relatively little water, was significantly greater in the patients than in the controls, probably reflecting better drainage of fluid from the lower limb in the supine position.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Adolescent immunization: focus on implementation.

On March 11-12, 1996, a workshop on how to implement new adolescent immunization (AI) recommendations was held in Atlanta, Ga. Sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, it was a collaborative effort of the National Immunization Program, the Division of Adolescent and School Health/National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, and the Hepatitis Branch/National Center for Infectious Diseases. The workshop brought together organizations and individuals interested in adolescent health and immunizations so they could address how new AI recommendations can be implemented most effectively. This article offers an overview of their discussions and suggestions, including issues of cooperation, education, legislation, and AI program development among health provider organizations, health department, schools, community groups and various other agencies relating to adolescent health services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Why doctors and nurses must not kill patients.

Euthanasia continues to be a subject of lively interest to many groups in society. It is often discussed in terms which appeal to those who believe there is no other way to relieve the sufferings of the dying, but which fail to explore its important ethical, professional and legal aspects. When these are examined, it is seen that the legalization of euthanasia would create major problems in medicine and nursing, chiefly centred on the likelihood of abuse and the difficulty or impossibility of its detection. It is now known from official sources that in Holland, the only place where euthanasia is widely practised though in defiance of the law, the authorities have no control over it, and it is indeed associated with many abuses, including the frequent killing of persons without their consent.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

The effect of haematocrit on transthoracic electrical impedance and on the calculation of cardiac output by an impedance cardiograph.

The Transthoracic electrical impedance (TEI) was measured using the Bomed NCCOM3 non-invasive cardiac output monitor in 27 patients with polycythemia rubra vera (PCRV) and in a control group of 27 patients with normal haematocrits. The mean haematocrit was 49.4% (SD 2.61) in the patients with PCRV and 42.1% (SD 2.95) in the control group, a difference that was significant (p less than 0.001). The mean TEI was also significantly higher in patients with PCRV than in the control group (p less than 0.05), the respective values being 31.25 (5.48) Ohms and 27.5 (3.31) Ohms. The mean values for cardiac output (CO) and cardiac index (CI) were similar in both groups.

Cardiac Output↗
PubMed1984

Does geographical location influence inflow requirements of the Bain breathing system?

A review of publications from various countries, using the Bain system with a fresh gas flow of 70 ml kg-1 min-1 and controlled ventilation, show a range of mean PaCO2 values between 36 and 43 mmHg. It was suggested that these differences could be related to the geographic location of the patient population studied. Anaesthetists from seven institutions in West Germany, England, Sweden, the United States, Australia and Canada collaborated in a preliminary study designed to find out whether these differences could be reduplicated. In 142 patients under a standard anaesthesia with controlled ventilation, PaCO2 values were determined 30 min after the fresh gas flows had been set. For 70 ml kg-1 min-1 the mean PaCO2 values ranged from 33 to 40 mmHg; for 100 ml kg-1 min-1 from 28 to 35 mmHg. Compared to the mean PaCO2 values from Canada, the results from Australia and the USA were not different and all at the lower end of this range; Sweden, West Germany and England reported significantly higher PaCO2 values. In the absence of any other obvious explanation, we suggest that patients in England and Northern Europe could have a higher CO2 output under anaesthesia than North American or Australian patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Pigeon herpesvirus confirmed in South Africa.

The history, geographical distribution, clinical signs, pathology and virology of pigeon herpesvirus infection and pigeon herpesvirus encephalomyelitis are briefly reviewed. A case of pigeon herpesvirus infection was diagnosed on clinical, macro- and histopathological appearance and confirmed by isolation of the virus in embryonated eggs, its growth in tissue culture, and by electron microscopy.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Immune response to the simultaneous vaccination of day-old chickens with live and inactivated oil-based Newcastle disease vaccines.

THe immune response, as measured by the haemagglutination-inhibition test, to the simultaneous administration of live Hitchner B1 and 2 commercially available, inactivated, oil-based, emulsified, Newcastle disease vaccines at day-old is described. The response was monitored from day-old to 18 weeks, when the birds were challenged with a standardized virulent virus. It was found that the haemagglutination-inhibition titre fell below log2 5 when the chicks were 10 weeks of age. Challenge at 18 weeks yielded a mortality rate of 25% in the groups receiving both live Hitchner B1 and an oil-based vaccine in comparison with 94% in the group receiving Hitchner B1 alone. Simultaneous application of live and oil-based vaccines at day-old is conclusively insufficient to maintain adequate protection until 18 weeks and it is recommended that a booster vaccine be administered at 10 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

HCMR interview: Kenneth Wessner, Bill Pollard and Alex Balc, Jr. of ServiceMaster Industries, Inc.

While ServiceMaster is a service organization like many health care providers and provider-sponsored shared services, its range of services, hospitals served and geographic distribution of services make it the largest shared service in the nation. ServiceMaster manages laundry and houskeeping, and supplies plant and biomedical engineering and materiel management services to more than 800 hospitals throughout the United States. Some of these services are high-technology oriented. All require excellence in products, methods and people skills.

Contract Services↗