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Biomedical subjects

B Persson

Publications and source records attributed to B Persson.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Cerebral blood flow and exchange of oxygen, glucose, ketone bodies, lactate, pyruvate and amino acids in infants.

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral av-differences of oxygen and circulating substrates were measured in normocapnic infants during general anaesthesia before elective surgery in order to study possible age-dependent variations. CBF was determined by a minor modification of the Kety-Schmidt technique from desaturation curves of nitrous oxide (N2O) in arterial and cerebral venous blood (N2O analysed by gas chromatography on 15 mul blood samples) after reduction of inhaled N2O from 75 to 50%. The reproducibility was +/-4.6%. Lactate, pyruvate and oxygen were determined in whole blood and amino acids in plasma by ion-exchange chromatography. Reliable av-differences of glucose, acetoacetate and D-beta-hydroxybutyrate could be calculated from plasma values and hematocrits. Mean values from 12 infants (age 11 days-12 months) were: CBF 69 ml/100 g0min-1; cerebral uptake (in mumoles/100 g-min-1): oxygen 104, glucose 27, acetoacetate 0.9, D-beta-hydroxybutyrate 2.3; cerebral release: lactate 2.4 and pyruvate 0.8. Significant uptake of amino acids was found only for histidine 0.95 and arginine 0.7. Significant correlations between arterial concentration and cerebral exchange were found for: ornithine, arginine, phenylalanine, aspartic acid, serine, glutamine and acetoacetate. CBF and substrate exchange were unrelated to age within the group. Infants had higher mean CBF and greater uptake of ketone bodies than has been reported in adults.

Acetoacetates↗
PubMed1976

The effect of feeding on oxygen consumption, RQ and plasma levels of glucose, FFA, and D-beta-hydroxybutyrate in newborn infants of diabetic mothers and small for gestational age infants.

Eight infants of strictly controlled diabetic mothers (IDM), 8 infants of gestational diabetic mothers (IGDM) and 6 small for gestational age infants (SGA) were studied before the first feeding and during an early feeding regimen. In IDMs and IGDMs continuous monitoring from 2 hours up to 7 1/2 hours after birth before feeding revealed no consistent changes of VO2 and RQ. The groups of infants were studied on 4 different occasions: (I) 2 to 16 hours, (II) 1 to 2 days, (III) 3 to 4 days, and (IV) 7 to 11 days. Prefeeding VO2-values were not significantly different between each of the groups, but mean RQ was higher in IGDMs than in IDMs. Age of the infant and prefeeding RQ were inversely correlated (r = -0.537, p less than 0.02). With increasing age and milk intake VO2 increased significantly in all groups. RQ decreased during the first 24 to 48 hours in all groups and rose thereafter with highest values at 7 to 11 days. Plasma levels of glucose, FFA, and D-beta-hydroxybutyrate were not significantly different between each of the group. The highest values for D-beta-hydroxybutyrate were found at 1-2 days when the lowest RQ values were also recorded. D-beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations and RQ values (r = 0.648, p less than 0.001) were inversely correlated suggesting increasing oxidation of fat. Feeding resulted in a marked rise in RQ to values around unity, which preceded a distinct increase in VO2 that reached a maximum at 1 to 1 1/2 hour after the feed, then slowly returned to pretest values. The rise in VO2 was accompanied by an increase in rectal temperature (0.4 to 1.5 degrees C). VO2, RQ, and plasma levels of glucose, FFA, and D-beta-hydroxybutyrate, were almost identical for each of the groups. We suggest: 1) That differences in feeding practice is the most likely explantation for the discrepancy between reported values for VO2, RQ, and circulating substrates in normal and low birth weight newborns. 2) That the rise in VO2 during the neonatal period, caused by feeding, reflects the cost of growth.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The rate of cerebral utilization of glucose, ketone bodies, and oxygen: a comparative in vivo study of infant and adult rats.

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by means of Celabeled microspheres in infant (20-day-old) and adult (3-month-old) rats, anesthetised with Na-5-ethyl-5-(1-methylpropyl)2-thiobarbituric acid. Cerebral arteriovenous differences of acetoacetate, D-beta-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, lactate, and oxygen and brain DNA content were determined in other groups of similarly treated infant and adult animals fed or starved for 48 or 72 hr. The mean CBF values of 0.48+/-0.04 and 0.62+/-0.07 ml/(g X min), +/- SEM, in infant and adult animals, respectively, were not significantly different. CBF was unaffected by starvation. At any given arterial concentration the cerebral arteriovenous difference of acetoacetate was significantly higher in infant than adult rats. The same was true for D-beta-hydroxybutyrate at arterial concentrations above 1 mmol/liter. There was an approximately linear relationship between arterial concentration of acetoacetate and its cerebral arteriovenous difference in both infant and adult rats. A similar relationship was found for D-beta-hydroxybutyrate only in infant animals. In the fed state, the cerebral uptake of glucose and ketone bodies (micromoles per (mg DNA X min)) was not different in infant and adult rats. During starvation, cerebral uptake of ketone bodies expressed as micromoles per (mg DNA X min) was higher in infant than adult rats, indicating a higher rate of utilization of ketone bodies per cell in these animals. For glucose, no such difference was found in either fed or starved groups (Table 3). The average percentage of the total cerebral uptake of substrates (micromoles per min) accounted for by ketone bodies increased in both infant and adult rats during starvation. This percentage value was clearly higher in infant than adult rats during starvation. After 72 hr of starvation the values were 38.8% and 15.2% in infant and adult rats, respectively (Fig. 3). Calculated cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2), assuming complete oxidation of glucose and ketone bodies and expressed as micromoles per (mg DNA X min), was similar in fed and starved rats of both age groups (Table 3), indicating that ketone bodies serve as an alternative substrate for glucose during starvation. Calculated CMRO2 for glucose plus ketone bodies was similar to the measured CMRO2 in adult rats both in the fed and the starved groups. For infant rats, calculated CMRO2 for glucose plus ketone bodies was higher than measured CMRO2, indicating that in this age group a portion of substrate was used for synthesis or storage rather than for complete oxidation.

Acetoacetates↗
PubMed1976

Rapid simultaneous radioimmunoassay for the measurement of triiodothyronine and thyroxine in unextracted human serum.

A rapid simultaneous radioimmunoassay for the measurement of triiodothyronine and thyroxine in unextracted human serum is described. The method requires 25 mul serum. Approximately 150 human sera can be tested for triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels in one day by one technical assistant. The triiodothyronine levels in peripheral venous blood in euthyroid subjects and in patients with various thyroid diseases are as follows: euthyroid (50) 115 +/- 22 (mean +/- SD) ng/100 ml, hypothyroid (20) 33 +/- 35 (mean +/- SD) ng/100 ml and hyperthyroid (20) 411 +/- 142 (mean +/- SD) ng/100 ml. The corresponding levels for thyroxine are: 6.9 +/- 1.3, 2.0 +/- 1.4 and 21.4 +/- 5.2 mug/100 ml. The levels of triiodothyronine in the thyroid venous blood are higher (P less than 0.05) than in the peripheral venous blood. The levels of thyroxine in the thyroid venous blood was not significantly higher than in peripheral venous blood.

Binding Sites, Antibody↗
PubMed1976

The use of salbutamol in obstetrics.

Sympathomimetic amines have been used with the aim of abolishing uterine contractions. On the basis of results from an in vivo technique for testing the specificity and affinity of the beta2-receptor stimulating agents, salbutamol was used for a clinical trial. Five case histories were selected in order to illustrate the possibility of utilizing salbutamol in emergency cases with the aim of achieving uterine relaxation during the period of time between the admission of the patient and the commencement of delivery by, for example, caesarean section.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Concentration of thyroxine, tri-iodothyronine and thyroglobulin in the thyroid lymph.

Human thyroid lymphatic fluid was collected from 8 patients operated upon for thyroid tumours. All tumours were of small size and localized to one lobe. The lymph was collected from the side opposite the tumour. The levels of thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine in the lymph were determined by a radioimmunoassay technique in 7 of the patients. The thyroglobulin content of thyroidal lymph from one patient was analysed. The results demonstrate higher levels of thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine in the human thyroid lymphatic fluid as compared with those seen in peripheral or thyroid venous blood. Evidence for the presence of thyroglobulin in the human thyroid lymphatic fluid was obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Metabolic control in diabetic pregnancy. Variations in plasma concentrations of glucose, free fatty acids, glycerol, ketone bodies, insulin, and human chorionic somatomammotropin during the last trimester.

Metabolic control was evaluated under standard conditions in pregnant gestational and insulin-dependent diabetic patients and control subjects from: (1) changes during an 8 hour period in blood glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, ketone bodies, chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS), and insulin during the last trimester and (2) changes from weeks 32 to 40 in fasting blood glucose, FFA, glycerol, and ketone bodies. Mean glucose levels calculated from five daily analysis 28 days before delivery were determined in insulin-dependent and gestational diabetic patients (pregnancy glucose level). Group mean 8 hour glucose levels were similar in diabetic patients and control subjects, but glucose swings were greater in diabetic patients. Gestational diabetic patients had delayed insulin response following meals. FFA, glycerol, and ketone bodies varied in parallel with a simmilar pattern in diabetic patients and control subjects. Insulin-dependent diabetic patients had suppressed lipid mobilization in the afternoon when glucose levels were almost normal. In control subjects, FFA, glycerol, and ketone bodies were not above normal nonpregnant values. Diabetic patients showed great individual variations in all parameters measured. FFA and ketone bodies were significantly above normal; glycerol and glucose were normal. Pregnancy glucose levels were significantly correlated to a mean amplitude of glycemic swings (MAGE) determined from the 8 hour glucose profiles. The glucose value 2 hours after breakfast correlated best to the MAGE value.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Subcutaneous administration of sodium l-thyroxine to patients with hypothyroidism.

Two patients with primary hypothyroidism are described in whom an euthyroid condition could not be achieved by oral administration of 1-thyroxine, 1-triiodothyronine or desiccated thyroid. Daily subcutaneous injections of 1-thyroxine normalized the thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels in the blood and the patients became euthyroid.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Chemically defined diet in the treatment of kwashiorkor.

Kwashkorkor is associated with malabsorption of energy and nutrients. Standard diets often initiate diarrhea and a high mortality is still prevalent. A synthetic monomolecular formula has been evaluated and compared with a standard diet in the early rehabilitation phase of 21 children with kwashiorkor. The formula group had significantly less vomiting and reached minimum weight faster than the group on standard diet. Weight gain and diarrhea were similar. The rise of albumin and BUN was faster on standard diet. A significant increase in haemoglobin was seen only in the formula group. A rise in body temperature after a meal was evident in most patients and significantly more pronounced in the formula group. The lower total nitrogen content of the formula may explain the observed slower rise in albumin and BUN but the ready utilization was indicated by the favourable weight changes as well as the rise in rectal temperature. As high energy per volume was desirable the formula was not diluted to isoosmolality. However, the high glucose concentration in the experimental diet probably caused some negative effects.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1975

Biosynthesis of bile acids in man. Hydroxylation of the C27-steroid side chain.

The first step in the degradation of the steroid side chain during biosynthesis of bile acids from cholesterol in man was studied in microsomal and mitochondrial fraction of homogenate of livers from 14 patients. The microsomal fraction was found to catalyze an efficient 25-hydroxylation of 5,8-cholestane-3a,7a,12atriol. A small extent of 23-, 24-, and 26-hydroxylation of the same substrate was observed. 53-Cholestane-3a,7adiol was hydroxylated in the 25-position only to a very small extent. The mitochondrial fraction was found to catalyze 26-hydroxylation of cholesterol, 5-cholestene-3P,7a-diol, 5P-cholestane-3a,7a-diol, 7a-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, and 5,0-cholestane-3a,7a,12a-triol. Addition of Mg++ stimulated the 26-hydroxylation of cholesterol but had no effect or an inhibitory effect on 26-hydroxylation of the other substrates, indicating a heterogeneity of the mitochondrial 26-hydroxylating system. The level of 26-hydroxylase activity towards different substrates varied considerably with different mitochondrial preparations. The roles of the microsomal and mitochondrial 26- hydroxylations as well as the microsomal 25-hydroxylation in biosynthesis of bile acids in man are discussed. The results indicate that microsomal 26-hydroxylation is less important than mitochondrial 26-hydroxylation under normal conditions. The possibility that microsomal 25-hydroxylation is important cannot be ruled out.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Glucose tolerance in newborn infants of healthy mothers: its relationship to the mothers' insulin response to glucose infusion.

It has earlier been postulated that a low insulin response to a glucose infusion is characteristic for the prediabetic individual (Cerasi & Luft 1967c). There is also evidence that some infants of individuals with low insulin response might have a carbohydrate metabolism that is in some respects similar to that of newborn infants to diabetic mothers (Edström et al. 1974). In the present study 15 infants to low insulin responders (ILR) and 22 infants to high insulin responders (IHR) were subjected to an intravenous glucose load (IVGTT) at 2-24 h age. A significant difference in glucose tolerance was found between the groups, the mean k-value for the ILR being 1.39 plus or minus 0.41 and that for the IHR 1.05 plus or minus 0.09 (P smaller than 0.05). No mothers were found to have a gestational diabetes (with the possible exception of one low insulin responders) but during late pregnancy the mean k-value at IVGTT in the low responders decreased from non-pregnant values (the mean difference being 0.41 plus or minus 0.20, P smaller 0.025) while the high responders did not show a corresponding decrease (mean difference 0.12 plus or minus 0.25, P greater than 0.05). No other differences between the groups of infants that could influence the k-value could be found apart from the mothers being low or high insulin responders. Our findings show that a low insulin response in the mothers might effect the glucose tolerance of the foetus even in the absence of continuous maternal hyperglycaemia in late pregnancy.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1975

Patterns of free fatty acids, glycerol, D-beta-hydroxybutyrate and insulin in pregnant women and their newborn infants. Effects of a low and a high insulin response to glucose in the mothers.

Twenty-eight healthy women, 17 with high and 11 with low insulin response to glucose but with normal glucose tolerance, were followed throughout pregnancy. Plasma FFA, glycerol and D-beta-hydroxybutyrate as well as plasma insulin and glucose in blood were determined before and during a glucose infusion test (GIT) in each trimester and after pregnancy. In 13 infants of high insulin responders (IHR) and 10 infants of low responders (ILR) an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed, and the above lipid parameters were studied at birth and during the IVGTT. The low responder group was postulated to consist mainly of prediabetic individuals (8). Their infants have previously been shown to have an increased glucose assimilation rate at IVGTT (12, 13), as has been shown for infants of diabetic mothers. There was little difference between the two groups of mothers except for the insulin levels during the GIT in non-pregnant and early pregnant subjects, which were considerably lower in the low responders. They all had decreased fasting levels of FFA, glycerol, and D-beta-hydroxybutyrate in mid-pregnancy and normal values in late pregnancy. The ILR showed the same changes in FFA and glycerol as the IHR, but their D-beta-hydroxybutyrate levels were higher at birth than those of the IHR and lower after birth. Another difference found, was the correlation between birth weight and fasting insulin (and to some extent the insulin level at birth) in the ILR group, which was not found in the IHR. Apart from those differences the ILR and the IHR seemed to handle their fat metabolism in a similar way in the early neonatal perinatal period.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Adrenergic innervation of the human parathyroid glands.

The sympathetic innervation of human parathyroid glands has been studied with fluorescence histochemistry. For the first time, sympathetic adrenergic nerve terminals could be demonstrated close to the endocrine cells. The morphological findings permit the conclusion that the adrenergic transmitter noradrenaline can reach a large part of the parenchymal cells, where it may possibly influence hormonal release.

Arteries↗
PubMed1975

Chemically defined diet in the treatment of kwashiorkor.

The authors report on the treatment of children with kwashiorkor, using Vivonex or Casilan. With Vivonex, all patients were bottle-fed as early as the 2nd or 3rd day, whereas Casilan had to be administered by stomach tube for about a week. Children fed Casilan vomited much more frequently than patients receiving Vivonex. When Casilan was given, the albumin level rose after 8 days, whereas with Vivonex, this did not occur unitl 15 days. On the other hand, only the Vivonex fed children showed an increase of hemoglobin in the first 3 weeks of treatment. With Vivonex, the patients reached their minimum weight much faster and at a lower albumin level than with Casilan. In both groups, the frequency of diarrhea was similar; the relatively high glucose concentration of Vivonex and the disturbance of resorption, even of monosaccharides, which is frequently observed in severe cases of kwashiorkor may be responsible for the diarrhea of the children receiving Vivonex.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1975

Postoperative replacement doses of sodium-L-thyroxine in patients with thyroid carcinomas.

The serum concentration of thyroxine and triiodothyronine, measured by a radioimmunoassay technique, was followed during replacement therapy of l-thyroxine in 10 totally thyroidectomized patients in order to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the assay for the estimation of the optimal replacement dose. The results indicate that the optimal dose of l-thyroxine yields a serum concentration of l-thyroxine in the high toxic range, without causing thyrotoxic symptoms. The concentration of triiodothyronine is simultaneously on the borderline to the toxic range. It is thus necessary to follow the concentration of triiodothyronine during substitution in order to titrate the optimal replacement dose of l-thyroxine. The determination of thyroxine in serum is of secondary value for this purpose.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Preoperative treatment of thyrotoxicosis with a beta-adrenergic blocking agent.

The clinical usefulness of propranolol as the sole drug in the preoperative treatment of thyrotoxicosis has been investigated. The effect of the drug on the serum levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine has also been studied. Eight consecutive patients were treated. Four of these showed good clinical response to propranolol and both pre- and postoperative periods were uneventful. Two patients also showed a good clinical response but developed accentuated thyrotoxic symptoms in the immediate postoperative period. One patient showed no clinical response to propranolol therapy and in one further patient the treatment was discontinued because of discomfort. All glands were resected without technical difficulty. They were more vascular and friable after this therapy than after pretreatment with antithyroid drugs and thyroxine. The serum levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine decreased during propranolol treatment. It is concluded that treatment with propranolol as a sole preoperative drug might be used as an alternative only in cases where conventional therapy is not suitable.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗