Biomedical subjects

B Pauly

Publications and source records attributed to B Pauly.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

Relationship of Nef-positive and GFAP-reactive astrocytes to drug use in early and late HIV infection.

Reactive astrocytosis is a well-documented feature of HIV encephalitis (HIVE), but it is unclear whether restricted infection of astrocytes contributes to this phenomenon. In addition, the part played by reactive and/or infected astrocytes in AIDS-related dementia is not fully understood. In this study of patients at different stages of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, who had been treated at most with one antiretroviral drug, reactive astrocytes were identified by immunopositivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and infected astrocytes by positivity for HIV Nef protein. Results were compared for drug-using AIDS patients with (n=9) and without (n=7) HIVE, for presymptomatic HIV-positive drug users (n=12) and for control HIV-negative subjects (n=20), including a group who used drugs (n=10). GFAP-reactive astrocytes in both grey and white matter were significantly more numerous in HIVE subjects than in each of the other groups but did not correlate with viral load. Nef-positive astrocytes were confined to HIVE cases and to white matter, but were numerous in only one subject who was treatment-naive. Nef-positive microglia were identified in all HIVE cases and in occasional AIDS and presymptomatic subjects who did not have HIVE. The results suggest that astrocytes may form an additional viral reservoir in late HIV infection and may contribute to HIVE. However, the number of GFAP-positive astrocytes was neither increased in pre-AIDS nor in drug abuse, in contrast with microglia which we have shown previously to be up-regulated in both states.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗

PubMed1995

Operation Fascination.

Operation Fascination is an educational program about the perioperative experience targeted at the school-age community. The goals are to help children gain a better understanding of the perioperative process by incorporating it in the school curriculum and extracommunity curricula and to make the perioperative nurse more aware of school-age children's misconceptions. A literature search showed that little has been written about perioperative education of school-age children outside the health care institution. Therefore, this article shares the development and initiation of Operation Fascination as well as describes the importance and benefits of offering this type of program to the community.

Child↗

PubMed1990

Changes in physiological and neuroendocrine properties during thermal adaptation of golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus).

Golden hamsters raised at 22 degrees C were adapted in the early summer for 3 weeks to either 28 degrees C or 5 degrees C. To achieve profound changes the photoperiod was also shortened from 14 h to 11 h during adaptation to cold. During the investigation body weight, food consumption, water intake, urine production, and osmolality, as well as secreted amounts of noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA), were recorded in each animal before, during, and after the adaptation period. In another group of golden hamsters the brains were processed for immunocytochemical detection of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in the third week of adaptation to a cold or warm environment. In warm-adapted animals food and water consumption and urine production remained unchanged or were only slightly reduced. NA and DA secretion were reduced by 50%. The AVP-immunoreactivity reflected an anti-diuretic state in these animals. In fibers influencing the adrenal axis, AVP-immunoreactivity was weak compared to CRF fibers. Food and water consumption, urine production, and DA secretion increased two-fold during cold adaptation. Daily secreted amounts of NA increased nine-fold. AVP-immunoreactivity was weak in projections to the neurohypophysis. Fibers influencing the adrenal axis, however, displayed strong AVP-immunoreactivity in comparison to that of CRF. The immunocytochemically determined patterns of AVP and CRF distribution indicated an activation of the osmoregulative axis in the warm-adapted animals and of the adrenal axis in the cold-adapted golden hamsters.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Listening to nurses' moral voices: building a quality health care environment.

In this paper we describe a research project in nursing ethics aimed at exploring the meaning of ethics for nurses providing direct care with clients. This was a practice-based project in which participants who were staff nurses, nurses in advanced practice, and students in nursing were asked to tell us (or describe to us) how they thought about ethics in their practice, and what ethical practice meant to them. We then undertook to analyze, describe and understand the enactment of ethical practice, the opportunities for and barriers to such enactment, as well as the resources nurses need for ethical practice. We drew out implications of these findings for nursing leaders. We identified practice realities that create a climate for ethical or moral distress, and the way in which nurses attempt to maintain their moral agency. Practice realities included nurses' ethical concerns about policies guiding care; the financial, human and temporal resources available for care; and the power and conflicting loyalties nurses encounter inproviding good care. Maintaining moral agency involved use of a variety of ethical resources and the identification of resources needed to provide good care, as well as the processes used to enact moral agency. Nurse leaders are also moral agents. Important implications of these findings for nursing leaders are that they need moral courage to be self-reflective, to name their own moral distress, and to act so that their nursing staff are able to be moral agents. Nurse leaders need to be the moral compass for nurses, using their power as a positive force to promote, provide and sustain quality practice environments for safe, competent and ethical practice.

Ethics, Nursing↗