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Biomedical subjects

B Paul

Publications and source records attributed to B Paul.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Pseudohypoparathyroidism: its phenotypic variability and associated disorders in a large family.

Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a complex disorder of renal resistance to parathyroid hormone the mechanism of which is unclear. It is often associated with skeletal abnormalities and there may also be other hormonal defects. This is an extensive endocrinological investigation of five of six affected members in two generations of one family. The phenotypic variability of the syndrome is explored: four members had hypothyroidism; two had abnormal gonadal function; all five had abnormal prolactin response to TRH; one had abnormal hepatic response to glucagon infusion. All had normal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes, renal responsiveness to vasopressin and growth hormone responses to a variety of stimuli. Special note is made of oral pathology, and evidence of platelet aggregation abnormalities is presented which has not previously been described in the syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Fluorinated carbohydrates as potential plasma membrane modifiers. Synthesis of 4- and 6-fluoro derivatives of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-hexopyranoses.

2-Amino-2,4-dideoxy-4-fluoro- and 2-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-4, 6-difluoro-D-galactose, and 2-amino-2,4-dideoxy-4-fluoro- and 2-amino-4-deoxy-4, 4-difluoro-D-xylo-hexose were synthesized, as potential modifiers of tumor cell-surface glyco-conjugate, from benzyl 2-acetamido-3-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-4, 6-di-O-mesyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside and benzyl 2-acetamido-3, 6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-4-O-mesyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, which were converted into the corresponding 4,6-difluoro-2,4, 6-trideoxy and 2,4-dideoxy-4-fluoro derivatives. Benzyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4-O-mesyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside and benzyl 2-acetamido-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-alpha-D-xylo-hexo-4-ulopyra noside were treated with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride to give 2-amino-2,4-dideoxy-4-fluoro-D-glucose and 2-amino-2,4-dideoxy-4, 4-di-fluoro-D-xylo-hexose derivatives, respectively, to give after deprotection the target compounds. Several of the peracetylated sugar derivatives inhibited L1210 tumor-cell growth in vitro at concentrations of 1-5 10(-5) M. The peracetylated derivative of 2-amino-2,4-dideoxy-4-fluoro-D-galactose inhibited protein and glycoconjugate biosynthesis, and also exhibited antitumor activity in mice with L1210 leukemia.

Acetylgalactosamine↗
PubMed1990

Megaloblastic anaemia in Zimbabwe. II: Diagnostic significance of red cell indices in.

Studies of red cell indices viz: Rbc count, Hb, Hct ratio, MCV, MCH and MCHC were carried out in normal subjects (n = 62) and in patients with: B12 deficiency (n = 34); folate deficiency (n = 17); and B12 and folate deficiency (n = 18). Although these red cell parameters were diagnostically useful (2P less than 5 x 10(-3)) in distinguishing the patients' groups from the control group; they showed no ability to distinguish the deficient groups from each other. However, their practical and diagnostic significance as screening tests in the local environs is briefly highlighted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Megaloblastic anaemia in Zimbabwe: the pernicious anaemias.

This study of 16 patients with pernicious anaemia (PA) (9 males and 7 females); serves as further evidence that the disease is not as infrequent in Africans as the literature stressing its rarity in the past appears to have suggested. The age-old preconceptions about racial incidence; age of onset; and absence of adequate laboratory facilities particularly in the African setting have hitherto greatly contributed to under-diagnosis of this disorder in Africans.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Allogeneic lyophilized fascia lata "soft" as extra-articular stabilizer in simple and complex knee joint instability].

50 operative procedures in capsular-ligamentous apparatus of knee joint were done from 1.9.1988 until 31.12.1989 among 209 in charged treated sports injuries. The multiplicity in pattern of injuries is the reason for individual procedure in reconstructive joint-surgery and because of this various indications for auto- and allogenic eg. synthetic materials, static and dynamic procedures else free or vascularized grafts. The lyophylized fascia lata "soft" is used in case of anteromedial instability, isolated medial rupture of collateral ligament of the first degree else for augmentation after primary treated medial injury of collateral ligament. Early results are proving the histocompatibility, the healing without complications else timely stability and recommending the fascia lata-plasty in given indications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Haemophilia in Zimbabwe.

Of the 120 haemophiliacs diagnosed in Zimbabwe in 8 years, haemophilia A and Christmas disease accounted for 90% and 10% respectively (i.e. a ratio of 9:1). Although the clinical and laboratory parameters were essentially similar to those previously described in Caucasian, African and other populations in the World, sub-haemophiliac cases are probably still being missed particularly in very busy health centres where the index of suspicion is low and malnutrition and infectious disease predominate and therefore readily attract the attention of most health workers. However, with the steadily improving socio-economic status and decentralization of health care facilities, more of these cases are likely to be diagnosed. Major constraints in the diagnosis and management of haemophilia in an African setting are succinctly discussed; including home therapy; and the implications of recent findings of HIV sero-positivity. The study serves as evidence that haemophilia is common in Zimbabwe contrary to earlier published literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Achillodynia in athletes and dancers--recommendations for prevention and therapy].

Based on a disproportion between individual exercise tolerance and actual physical strain a multicausal tender swelling of achilles tendon with concomitant impaired function due to oedematous swelling, cellular proliferation and degeneration in tendon and paratenon is developing especially in motion engaged professionals like dancers artists and sportsmen. Consistent prevention of paratenonitis exist in selection of favourable bottom or mal conditions, maintenance of muscular balances, correction of ligamentous laxities and foot deformities, fitting chuck absorbing footwear and every time dosed increase of physical strain. While in acute stage after elimination of causative factors the conservative treatment is indicated, the treatment resistant chronic achillodynia with anamnesis of 4 month and more is an indication for operative treatment.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1989

Follow-up of stress-management courses.

A study was made of the effects of stress-management courses on 595 men and women (mean age, 45 +/- 11 years) from one to seven years after they had attended such courses. The course (six 1.5-h sessions) included relaxation training, rational thinking and priority setting and assertiveness training. Evaluation comprised the Paul stress inventory of perceived stress and a questionnaire that dealt with stress and related behaviour and coping skills. The results indicated a substantial reduction in perceived stress immediately after the course which persisted until follow-up; satisfactory persistence in the use of learned coping skills; good reception of the course; and that decreases in perceived stress predicted changes in life-style, a reduced use of stress-related medications and an increased use of relaxation training. Extensive research, including controlled studies, on stress-management courses for Australians is recommended, as a basis for the development of courses which serve the needs of groups that differ in age, health status, occupation, education, and ethnic origin.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in Zimbabweans--preliminary observations.

Twenty three Zimbabwean African patients who satisfied the French-American-British(FAB) diagnostic criteria for the myelodysplastic syndromes(MDS) at Godfrey Huggins School of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe, between July 1985 and June 1987 are presented. The disorders appear not to behave differently from those reported in Caucasian populations with regard to clinical and haematological features. Refractory anaemia (RA) occurred in 12 (52.2%) patients; refractory anaemia with ringed sideroblasts (RARS) in 4 (17.4%) patients; refractory anaemia with excess blasts (RAEB) in 2 (8.7%) patients; refractory anaemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-T) in 3 (13.0%) patients; while chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) was observed in 2 (8.7%) patients. In 19 cases, the disease was primary and in 4 prior exposure to myelotoxic agents resulted in secondary MDS. The clinical significance of recognising the disorders is briefly high-lighted together with our current treatment protocol.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The significance of 'dry tap' bone marrow aspirations in Zimbabweans.

Of the 2880 bone marrow examinations performed in a 3-year period in patients with diverse haematological and oncological disorders, 116(4%) patients exhibited 'dry tap' on routine marrow aspiration. However, when the Jamshidi-Swaim technique of trephine bone marrow biopsy was performed in these patients, the single commonest underlying pathological cause of 'dry tap' was found to be aplastic anaemia which accounted for 56(48.3%) of the cases. The diagnostic potential of the technique and its advantages particularly in a developing country are briefly high-lighted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Homozygous alpha+ thalassaemia in Zimbabwe: an unrecognized cause of hypochromia and microcytosis.

The prevalence of probable homozygous alpha+ thalassaemia in Zimbabwe was found to be 3.25 percent in a survey of hospital patients (n = 2,000), 7.6 percent in a Batonga village (n = 66), and 5.3 percent in 16 kindreds (n = 94) investigated for iron overload. The diagnosis was based on finding a reduced mean cell volume (MCV), reduced mean cell haemoglobin (MCH), increased red cell count (RBC), and a normal Haemoglobin. These cases usually had a normal red cell distribution width (RDW), and of three discriminant functions tested the MCV2 x MCH was the most useful. Iron deficiency was excluded in the community based surveys. The importance of recognizing these changes is emphasized so that inappropriate iron therapy is not given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Megaloblastic anaemia in Zimbabwe. 1: Seasonal variation.

Two hundred and ten patients who were confirmed to have megaloblastic anemia over a 2-year period were grouped according to the month of diagnosis. A distinct seasonal variation was detectable in the occurrence of megaloblastic anemia with a high prevalence in the wet season and a low prevalence in the dry season. The major factor postulated to be responsible for the seasonal fluctuations of the disorder is the concomitant diminution in the availability of folate-rich green vegetables; and not malaria transmission. As the dry season sets in and progresses, the frequency of megaloblastic anaemia cases increases reaching a peak during the wet season. It is suggested that an adequate supply of green vegetables like lettuce, spinach and cabbage throughout the year might lessen or even eliminate the seasonal variation of megaloblastic anaemia presently observed in this community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

A prospective analysis of 620 bone marrow examinations in Zimbabwe: preliminary observations.

Of the 1,310 bone marrow examinations performed in a 16-month period in patients with diverse haematological, oncological and other disorders, 620 had sufficient data for analysis. Seventy-nine percent were from the two main hospitals viz: Parirenyatwa and Harare Central Hospitals. Investigation for anaemia (42.6 percent), staging of malignant disease (14.4 percent) and pancytopenia (10.3 percent) formed the commonest triad of indications for requesting the examination. There were 318 (51 percent) males, mean age +/- s.d. of 33.8 +/- 22.6 years (range 6 months to 80 years); and 302 (49 percent) females, mean age +/- s.d. of 32.6 +/- 20.7 years (range 6 months to 78 years) giving a male to female ratio of 1.1:1. Of the 620 patients studied, 452 (73 percent) were adults (M:F ratio of 1:1) mean age +/- s.d. of 42.8 +/- 17.3 years (range 16-80 years); and 168 (27 percent) were children (M:F ratio of 1.1:1) mean age +/- s.d. of 7.3 +/- 4.5 years (range 6 months to 15 years). The three commonest diseases in the combined (adults and children) group were: megaloblastic anaemia (25.2 percent); acute or chronic leukaemia (19.2 percent) and iron deficiency anaemia (10.5 percent). These three diseases respectively accounted for 32 percent, 17.5 percent and 10.8 percent of the cases in the adult (16 years and over) group; whereas in the paediatric (0-15 years) group, the top three diseases were: acute leukaemia (22 percent); Hodgkins and non-Hodgkins lymphomas (14.3 percent) and retinoblastoma (13.7 percent). These preliminary observations indicate some of the commonest haematological and oncological disorders where intense research might be beneficial to the community in Zimbabwe.

Adolescent↗