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Biomedical subjects

B Pasquier

Publications and source records attributed to B Pasquier.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Emulsification and lipolysis of triacylglycerols are altered by viscous soluble dietary fibres in acidic gastric medium in vitro.

This in vitro study was designed to test the hypothesis that soluble dietary fibres can alter the process of intragastric lipid emulsification and possibly subsequent triacylglycerol lipolysis. Three guar gums, two pectins and gum arabic were dissolved in acidic gastric medium in the concentration range 0.3-2.0% (w/v). Viscosities of fibre solutions were measured and apparent viscosities varied over a wide range (0.7-77 mPa/s). Emulsification of a lipid mixture (triolein/phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol) was performed under mild conditions in the presence of increasing concentrations of soluble fibres. The amount of emulsified lipid was not affected whereas the size of the emulsified droplets was increased by raising the concentration of viscous fibres only. The droplet size (r=0.75, P=0.006) and overall droplet surface area (r=-0.69, P=0.009) were strongly correlated with the medium viscosity in the range 0-20 mPa/s. The addition of solutions of viscous fibres to a preformed standard emulsion did not change the initial velocity of human gastric lipase reaction. Conversely, when emulsions prepared in the presence of fibres (i.e. with different droplet sizes) were incubated with excess gastric enzyme for 2 h, the high-viscosity guar gum significantly reduced the extent of triacylglycerol lipolysis, as compared with control and low- or medium-viscosity fibres. In conclusion, the data obtained show that reducing emulsification of dietary lipids in the mildly acid medium found in the stomach is a mechanism by which soluble viscous fibres can alter lipid assimilation.

Dietary Fiber↗
PubMed1996

Physicochemical characteristics of emulsions during fat digestion in human stomach and duodenum.

Seven fasting subjects were fitted with nasogastric and nasoduodenal tubes and received intragastrically a coarsely emulsified test meal. Gastric and duodenal aspirates were collected after 1, 2, 3, and 4 h. In the duodenum, most lipids (> 90%) were present as emulsified droplets 1-100 microns in size. Large droplets and unemulsified material present in the test meal (> 100 micron) disappeared, whereas smaller droplets (1-50 microns) were generated after 1 h of digestion. Thus the median lipid droplet diameter significantly decreased (19.6 vs. 56.5 microns in the test meal) and the droplet surface area significantly increased (1.58 vs. 0.70 micron2/g fat). Intermediate droplet diameters were 34.3, 46.3, and 27.6 microns after 2, 3, and 4 h, respectively. In the stomach, a comparable emulsion particle size pattern was observed, with median droplet diameters of 17.2, 37.9, 52.4, and 41.6 microns after 1, 2, 3, and 4 h, respectively. However, the extent of triglyceride hydrolysis was much lower in the stomach (6-16%) than in the duodenum (42-45%), where small droplets were enriched in lipolytic products, cholesterol, and phospholipids. The present findings show for the first time that most dietary lipids are present in the human duodenum as emulsified droplets 1-50 microns in size and that no further marked emulsification of dietary fat occurs in the duodenum compared with the stomach.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Case report: pseudotumoral brain lesion as the presenting feature of sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis rarely presents as an intracranial mass lesion. We report the case of a patient presenting a disturbance of cognitive functions in whom CT and MRI demonstrated a large right fronto-temporal mass lesion with contrast enhancement and surrounding marked oedema, highly suggestive of a brain tumour. The diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis was made after stereotactic biopsy of the lesion.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1996

[Neuropathologic data in drug-resistant partial epilepsy. Report of a series of 195 cases].

This report concerns the histopathological findings in 195 consecutive surgical specimens of patients with chronic drug-resistant epilepsy. Six pathological groups were identified corresponding to 63 tumors, 51 developmental lesions, 39 Ammon's horn sclerosis, 27 non specific changes, 11 glial or gliomesodermal scars and 4 Rasmussen's encephalitis. In 14 patients, 2 distinct abnormalities were observed with Ammon's horn sclerosis as one part of the dual pathology. All tumors were of low histopathological grade and included 30 dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors, 17 gangliogliomas, 5 subependymal giant cell astrocytomas of tuberous sclerosis, 4 pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas, 3 astroblastomas, 3 astrocytomas and 1 oligodendroglioma. Developmental lesions included 22 hamartomas, 12 focal dysplasias, 5 microdysgenesis, 1 nodular cortical heterotopia, 1 arachnoid cyst and 10 cavernomas. These findings emphasize two pathological features. Firstly, well-defined changes were present in all specimens. Secondly, the most common lesions were respectively tumors and developmental abnormalities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Systemic granulomatous reaction in hip prosthesis. Apropos of 2 anatomoclinical cases].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The production of particulate wear debris is a recognised complication of joint arthroplasty. Focus was made on local tissue reactions. Systemic distribution of wear debris are less know. We report two new cases of distant granulomatous reaction. MATERIAL: The first case concerned a 71-year-old man with lymph node histiocytosis incidentally discovered during the staging of a prostatic carcinoma. The second case concerned a 61-year-old man with a visceral granulomatosis reaction (liver, spleen and lymph node) associated to hepatic ans splenic enlargement. METHODS: We realised an histological analysis of several tissue specimens for these two patients and for one case an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry technique (ICPMS). RESULTS: In all specimens we identified a foreign body granulomatous reaction characterized by the presence of particles coming from hip arthroplasty. The ICPMS identified titanium in spleen. DISCUSSION: Distant granulomatous reaction are generally localised in regional lymph nodes and discovered by accident. A systemic granulomatous reaction attributable to wear particles raises the question of long term biocompatibility of prosthetic materials. CONCLUSION: Besides local reaction, it is of utmost importance that physicians involved in prosthetic field take into consideration the possible systemic adverse effect of wear particles from arthroplasty.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Relationship between anatomic lesions of the temporal lobe and temporal lobe epilepsy].

A structural lesion of the brain is a frequent finding in intractable partial epileptic patients. We analyse anatomo-electro-clinical characteristics of 58 patients in which MR showed a lesion inside the temporal lobe. They are 29 males and 29 females with a mean age at surgery of 23.5 +/- 10.7 years (2.6-45.9). The mean epilepsy duration is of 13.4 +/- 8 years (1.3-35.5), with a mean seizure frequency of 28.7 +/- 43.6 per month, with a great inter-individual variability (from 3 per month to 15 a day). The minimum follow-up is 3.5 years. A video-EEG monitoring was performed in 21 cases, while a stereo-EEG investigation was judged mandatory in 26. On the basis of anatomo-electro-clinical correlations and of the results of presurgical investigations, the epileptogenic area was proved to be temporal in 49 cases, temporal but controlateral to the lesion in 1, and at least bilobar in 8 patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Characteristics of the global population].

We analyse clinical characteristics, presurgical investigations, surgical procedures and outcome of 137 patients operated-on for a drug-resistant partial epilepsy, in Grenoble from January 1990 to December 1993. Moreover we present data of 63 patients suffering from a "pure" temporal lobe epilepsy selected using the following criteria: 1. surgery limited to temporal lobe structures 2. totally cured after surgery (Engel's class la).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Role of the hypothalamic hamartoma in the genesis of gelastic fits (a video-stereo-EEG study).

Patients having a hypothalamic hamartoma frequently present epileptic attacks of laughter, and they later experience multiple additional seizure types, which invariably lead to a severe drug-resistant epilepsy. If this association is now well-known, relationships between the hypothalamic mass and the different types of seizures remain still mysterious. We report the case of a 16-year-old girl suffering from this peculiar epileptic picture, in whom a stereo-EEG study was performed, allowing us to record both the hamartoma, the neighboring hypothalamic structures, and other bilateral cortical areas. It showed that gelastic fits were strictly linked to ictal discharges which began and remained well localized in the hamartoma. Conversely, atonic seizures, which might result from a secondary epileptogenesis, admitted a widely extended bilateral frontal cortical origin, sparing the lesion, and slightly involving the posterior hypothalamus. Stereotactic radiosurgery of the hamartoma proved to be ineffective on both types of seizures, probably because of the too low dose of X-rays delivered (18 grays), as suggested by the absence of hypothalamic mass changes on MRI. Such data, never reported to our knowledge, seem able to contribute to a better understanding of this very peculiar epileptic syndrome, and perhaps to a better adapted therapeutic management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Coexistence of plasma cell granulomas of lung and central nervous system.

A rare case of concurrent plasma cell granulomas (PCG) of the lung and the central nervous system (CNS) is reported. A 30-year-old man was presented with recurrent left headaches lasting for two years. Computerized tomographic (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head disclosed a process extending from the lateral aspect of the left cavernous sinus to the tentorium cerebelli and the infratemporal fossa through the foramen ovale. At the same time, chest-X ray and CT scan showed three symptomless masses of the pulmonary right lower lobe. Histological examination of cerebral samples and of one of the pulmonary nodules revealed the presence of a fibrous tissue containing numerous lymphocytes and plasma cells as well as remnants of vascular and respiratory structures. Immunohistochemical study proved these cells to be polyclonal. Ultrastructural analysis confirmed the presence of lymphoid cells and failed to disclose any argument for meningioma or histiocytosis X. The differential diagnostic problems of PCG are discussed as well as considerations about clinicopathological features, histogenesis and pathogenesis of inflammatory pseudotumours (IPT).

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Primary synovial sarcoma of the mediastinum. A case report with immunohistochemistry, ultrastructural and cytogenetic study].

A biphasic synovial sarcoma occurring in the anterior and inferior mediastinum in a 19-year-old woman is reported. A biopsy showed a mesenchymal proliferation and the tumor was first misdiagnosed as a hemangiopericytoma. Inefficacy of chemotherapy led to a tumorectomy. Histologic and immunohistochemical studies on multiple samples showed a biphasic tumor. Ultrastructural study confirmed the presence of epithelial elements and cytogenetic analysis disclosed a translocation t(X;18) (p11;q11), leading to a diagnosis of synovial sarcoma. Synovial sarcoma of the mediastinum is very rare and to our knowledge has not been previously studied with the help of cytogenetics. Given the biphasic pattern of the tumor and its mediastinal location, it can be confused with mesothelioma. This stresses the interest of chromosome analysis in the study of tumors histologically difficult to classify.

Adult↗