Biomedical subjects

B O'Toole

Publications and source records attributed to B O'Toole.

21 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

The relevance of parental involvement programmes in developing countries.

The rationale for parent involvement programmes with handicapped children is presented and analysed from a third world perspective. The mothers' reaction to the role is discussed. Potentially damaging consequences of adopting a teaching role are considered. The results of a questionnaire administered to 137 Guyanese mothers are presented. The questionnaire focused on the mothers' understanding of the concept of child development, their belief in being able to help the child acquire certain developmental tasks and an analysis of the opportunities they had for teaching. The questionnaire revealed that the philosophy underlying parental involvement is relevant in a Guyanese context; however, certain practical constraints need to be appreciated.

Child↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Suicide risk following child sexual abuse.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the suicide rate and prevalence of suicide attempts and suicidal ideation in 183 young people who had experienced child sexual abuse and to examine variables related to the abuse, which may correlate with suicide attempts or suicidal ideation. METHODS: Adolescents and young adults who had experienced child sexual abuse and individuals from a nonabused comparison group were asked about suicide attempts and suicidal ideation 5 and 9 years after intake to the study. Nine years after the abuse, a national death search was carried out to ascertain the number and causes of death in the 2 groups. Logistic regression was used to assess information on demographic and family functioning variables, the sexual abuse, notifications for other child abuse, criminal convictions, and out-of-home placements that were related to the outcome variables. RESULTS: Young people who had experienced child sexual abuse had a suicide rate that was 10.7 to 13.0 times the national Australian rates. There were no suicides in the control group. Thirty-two percent of the abused children had attempted suicide, and 43% had thought about suicide since they were sexually abused. CONCLUSIONS: Little information seems to be available to clinicians at the time of investigations for child sexual abuse in children that may identify those who are at increased risk of suicide. Abuse by an acquaintance, parental denial, or being angry with the child and not the abuser may predispose to suicide attempts but not necessarily to a completed suicide.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Four ways people approach ethics. A practical guide to reaching consensus on moral problems.

Most people use four different approaches when making ethical decisions. Some people use one approach predominantly; others vary their approaches according to circumstances. In either case, the approaches are usually chosen unconsciously. The main source of conflict in decision making is the fact that two parties have chosen different approaches. The four approaches are: The principle approach, in which decisions are made according to a principle such as the Ten Commandments or the Golden Rule The consequence approach, in which decisions are made according to their likely outcomes The virtue/character approach, in which decisions are made according to the decision makers's view of his or her responsibilities The moral sentiment approach, in which decisions are made according to the decision maker's feelings Conflicts in decision making become easier to resolve once the decision makers, first, recognize that they are using different approaches, and, second, agree to "change gears" and use the same approach.

Decision Making, Organizational↗