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Biomedical subjects

B O Onadeko

Publications and source records attributed to B O Onadeko.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Smoking patterns in students of higher institutions of learning in Nigeria.

A study of the pattern of cigarette smoking among 2317 students of both sexes attending some selected universities, polytechnics, colleges of education and schools of nursing in Nigeria was undertaken by means of questionnaires. It was observed that 436 (30%) of male students and 174 (21%) of female students smoked cigarettes. The prevalence was noted to be on the increase for female students when compared with previous studies carried out in similar institutions in Nigeria. The highest prevalence of smoking was among students from colleges of education. Over 50% of the students were mild smokers while less than 50% had exceeded a duration of 5 years of smoking. The latter finding suggests that it may still be feasible to convince a large proportion of them to stop smoking or to cut down on the number of cigarettes smoked.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Sarcoidosis presenting with severe haemoptysis.

Major haemoptysis is a very uncommon presentation of sarcoidosis inspite of the high rate and extent of pulmonary involvement in this disease. We report a 37-year-old Nigerian who presented with cough and weight loss and in whom haemoptysis was prominent. In developing tropical countries this mode of presentation is almost invariably due to pulmonary tuberculosis. In this case the haemoptysis was found to be due to ulcerations of nasopharyngeal granulomata due to sarcoidosis. Involvement of the upper respiratory tract in itself is an uncommon finding in sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Controlled clinical trial of three short-course regimens of chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis in Nigeria--a preliminary report.

A controlled clinical trial of daily short course (6-month) chemotherapy in newly diagnosed cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in Nigerians was carried out. The three regimens used contained streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide in the initial phase; and isoniazid plus rifampicin or isoniazid plus rifampicin and/or pyrazinamide in the continuation phase. Sputum culture conversion was satisfactory after 2 and 6 months of treatment and no positive cultures were found one year after treatment had been completed. Side effects were few and consisted mainly of arthralgia, possibly associated with pyrazinamide.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields of some Nigerian cigarettes.

Fourteen cigarette brands manufactured in Nigeria in 1981 were analysed to determine the tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields. Five of the brands belonged to the high and middle to high tar category (greater than 22 mg/cigarette) and nine to the middle tar (17-22 mg/cigarette) category. None of the cigarettes was in the low to middle and low tar (less than 17 mg/cigarette) category. The nicotine and carbon monoxide yields were similar to those of European cigarettes. Tobacco companies need to manufacture low tar cigarettes in the Third World as is the practice in the economically developed parts of the world.

Carbon Monoxide↗
PubMed1982

Plasma cortisol responses to cortrosyn treatment in asthmatic children.

Treatment trial over a period of 3 months was conducted with intermittent intramuscular injections of Cortrosyn depot in fourteen children with severe and frequent asthmatic attacks. The basal plasma cortisol levels were generally high, but higher than normal in four (29%) of the patients. At a period of 24 h after the initial Cortrosyn injection was administered, plasma cortisol increases ranging between 4-52 micrograms/100 ml above the basal levels were recorded. At a period of 1 week after the end of daily injections for 1 week, increases of plasma cortisol ranging between 3-71 micrograms/100 ml above the basal levels were observed and presumed to be a reflection of an associated adrenal hypertrophy resulting from repetitive daily Cortrosyn injections. The highest increases at this stage were observed in the youngest patients with the severest asthmatic attacks, but not in their older counterparts. At the end of the trial treatment, clinical improvement was associated with lowered plasma cortisol levels compared with the elevated basal values.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1980

Vascular lesions in tuberculosis.

4 cases of tuberculosis in which the vessels were involved are described: 1 of tuberculous adenitis and arteritis in the region of the carotid artery bifurcation; 1 of tuberculous endometritis associated with aortic pseudoaneurysms and inferior vena cava partial occlusion, and 2 of tuberculous para-aortic adenitis, 1 with complete occlusion of the inferior vena cava, and the other with miliary nodulations of the liver later demonstrated by angiogram. It is suggested that in veiw of the ubiquitous presentations and incidence of tuberculosis in this environment, more vascular studies need be done to demonstrate the frequency and the involvement of the vessels by tuberculosis in cases of tuberculosis. Furthermore, in cases of aortitis and arteritis, tuberculosis must be excluded as an etiological cause.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Skin sensitivity tests in Nigerians with bronchial asthma.

Skin sensitivity tests using the prick method were performed on 174 patients with bronchial asthma and 160 controls, using 20 common allergens. The results revealed a high incidence of positive skin test reactions to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, grass and flower pollens, feathers, and some ingesta such as cow's milk and fish. The difference in the reactions between the asthmatic patients and the controls was statistically significant. The results suggest that house-dust mite allergy is the most significant factor in the aetiology of bronchial asthma in Nigerians.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Investigation of Nigerians with diffuse radiographic pulmonary shadowing.

During a five-year period, 45 Nigerians with radiographic appearances of diffuse pulmonary infiltration with at least six sputum specimens negative on culture for tubercule bacilli were investigated at University College Hospital, Ibadan. The value of pulmonary function studies and open or closed lung biopsy in discovering the cause of diffuse lung disease was examined. Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis was the most common cause (13 cases). Other diagnoses included malignant disease (11 cases), sarcoidosis (three cases), progressive systemic sclerosis (three cases), miliary and non-caseating tuberculosis (three cases) and pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (one case): this last is believed to be the first case diagnosed in Africa South of the Sahara. This study emphasizes the fact that, even in developing countries where tuberculosis is highly prevalent, there are other causes of diffuse pulmonary infiltration.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

A controlled clinical study comparing sulindac with ibuprofen and aspirin in the treatment of musculo-skeletal diseases.

Forty-six patients (seventeen male, twenty-nine female) with musculo-skeletal disease were put on a controlled clinical study comparing sulindac with ibuprofen and soluble aspirin. Twenty patients were treated with sulindac 200 mg twice daily, twelve received sulindac 100 mg twice daily, eight had ibuprofen 400 mg thrice daily and six treated with soluble aspirin 600 mg thrice daily. All patients did well on these drugs, but the ones on sulindac 200 mg twice daily showed better response than sulindac 100 mg twice daily. It proved to have the same efficiency as ibuprofen and soluble aspirin; but had less side-effects and also patients required to take the drug only twice daily to get relief because of its prolonged duration of action.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Haemorrhagic pleural effusion in Nigerians.

Experience with haemorrhagic pleural effusion in Nigerians is described. Sixty three cases selected from 283 cases of pleural effusion over a 15-year period were analysed. Haemorrhagic pleural effusion accounted for 22% of all cases of pleural effusion. Malignant cells were found in haemorrhagic fluid in 21% of cases. The commonest cause of haemorrhagic effusion was neoplasm followed by tuberculosis and trauma. Among neoplasms carcinoma of the bronchus was responsable for about half of such cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The clinical and aetiological pattern of finger clubbing and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in Nigerians.

A study of the clinical and aetiological patterns of finger clubbing and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy was carried out over a 15-year period. 116 patients were studied. Pain is not a common symptom in patients with finger clubbing and osteoarthropathy in Nigerians, contrary to what has been reported in the literature. The cause of finger clubbing is predominantly pulmonary in origin, being responsible in 84 per cent of cases. The commonest cause in bronchiectasis, followed by empyema thoracis, bronchial carcinoma and lung abscess. Among the nonpulmonary causes are infective endocarditis, endomyocardial fibrosis and cirrhosis of liver. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy is found in 15 cent of the patients with finger clubbing, the commonest cause being carcinoma of the bronchus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Needle biopsy of the pleura in Nigeria.

The results of needle biopsy of the pleura carried out on 200 patients are presented. Biopsy was diagnostic in 60% of tuberculous pleural effusions and in 74% of cases of malignant effusions. The histological appearance of chronic fibrosis was seen in 34%, of which half were subsequently found to have tuberculosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Acute poisoning in Nigerians: a review of cases managed over a five-year period (1968-1972) at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

A review was carried out on patients with acute drug poisoning managed over a five-year period, between 1968 and 1972 at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Of the 139 cases, 23 were admitted for in-patient management while the rest were managed in the Emergency Department of the hospital as out-patients. The pattern of poisoning, clinical presentation and management were discussed, as well as suggestions for a more efficient management of similar cases, in the future.

Acute Disease↗