Biomedical subjects

B Nilsson

Publications and source records attributed to B Nilsson.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

15-Keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin E2- and F2 alpha-metabolite levels in blood from men and women given prostaglandin E2 orally.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was administered orally in a dose of 1 mg to healthy males (n = 20) and females (n = 10). Blood levels of 15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha-M) and 15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin E2 (PGE2-M), determined as the rearrangement product 11-deoxy-15-keto-13,14-dihydro-11 beta, 16-cycloprostaglandin E2 (PGE2-cyclo-M), were measured. The levels of the two PG metabolites increased already 10 minutes after ingestion of the tablet and the mean peak value for PGE2-cyclo-M in the men was 4.64 nmol/l which was reached 50 minutes after PGE2 administration. The mean peak value in women was 4.99 nmol/l which was obtained after 30 minutes. The increase in PGE2-cyclo-M concentration was significantly faster (p less than 0.05) in women than in the men. The mean plasma concentration of PGF2 alpha in males were 0.20 nmol/l prior to treatment and rose after PGE2 ingestion to mean peak level of 0.84 nmol/l after 70 minutes. The corresponding values for the females were 0.18 nmol/l and 0.88 nmol/l 50 minutes into treatment. When the data from both sexes were amalgamated PGE2-cyclo-M peak levels were reached significantly (p = 0.004) sooner than the PGF2 alpha-M peak. The two PG metabolites returned to baseline levels in 70% of the individuals after 240 minutes. The increase in PGF2 alpha-M concentration following oral administration of PGE2 indicates that part of the PGE2 was reduced to PGF2 alpha.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1989

Lipid peroxidation and activity of antioxidant enzymes in muscle of the lower leg before and after arterial reconstruction.

Reperfusion syndrome and lipid peroxidation due to toxic effects of free oxygen radicals might be one pathophysiological cause of the oedema that develops during the first week after a femoro-popliteal reconstruction. This paper reports the activity of the protecting antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase in gastrocnemic muscle before and after reperfusion of chronically ischaemic legs with comparison to activities in non-ischaemic muscle. Furthermore the susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in the muscle was measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive material (TBAR). The activities of CuZn SOD, Mn SOD and glutathione peroxidase were equal in normally perfused and chronically ischaemic muscle and there was no difference after reperfusion. Muscle catalase activity was low compared to activity of red blood cells and could not be reliably estimated. There was no difference in iron-stimulated lipid peroxidation of ischaemic and non-ischaemic muscle but in reliably estimated. There was no difference in iron-stimulated lipid peroxidation of ischaemic and non-ischaemic muscle but in muscle biopsied 10 min after reperfusion there was a significant increase in production of TBAR indicating an increased susceptibility for lipid peroxidation at this time. The finding is compatible with the occurrence of an oxidant insult on the muscle at reperfusion. Ischaemia--or reperfusion--induced reductions in activity of antioxidant enzymes are however not related to this reaction.

Arteriosclerosis↗

PubMed1989

Bone mineral content, gender, body posture, and build in relation to back pain in middle age.

In 575 55-year-old residents of Malmö, Sweden, the authors studied the interrelationships between back pain and bone mineral content, degree of kyphosis and lordosis, height, and weight, and in women also the age of menarche and menopause, and number of childbirths. Men with back pain tended to be heavier than those without back pain. Back pain was not related to body height nor to degree of kyphosis or lordosis. In women, a positive correlation was found between the degree of kyphosis and lordosis and body weight. Body height in women also was correlated to degree of kyphosis, but not to the degree of lordosis. In men, the authors found no such relationships. Bone mineral content was not related to the occurrence of back pain but to body height and weight in men and in women. Back pain in women was not related to the age at menarche or menopause, nor to the number of children to whom they had given birth.

Back Pain↗

PubMed1989

Development of an immunoassay for the detection of minute amounts of IgG-coated erythrocytes in whole blood and its application for the assessment of Fc-mediated clearance of anti-D-coated erythrocytes in vivo.

A rapid and sensitive immunoassay for the detection of minute quantities of IgG-coated erythrocytes in whole blood was developed. Washed red blood cells were incubated in two steps with anti-human IgG antiserum followed by 125I-labelled protein A. The assay was able to detect amounts of sensitized erythrocytes as small as 0.5 ml of packed erythrocytes in a total blood volume of 5 liters and hematocrit 40%. A linear relation between increasing amounts of IgG-coated red cells in whole blood and the binding of 125I-labelled protein A was obtained. We applied the technique on the assessment of the removal of IgG anti-D-coated erythrocytes from the circulation of test individuals. T1/2 for the elimination of approximately 4 ml packed red cells sensitized with 62 micrograms of anti-D in 14 normal subjects was 20 +/- 5 min (mean +/- SEM). A splenectomized person did not clear the injected cells from the circulation during the test period of 70 min. If a standard curve was constructed the total blood volume in the test subjects could be calculated. This value correlated well (r = 0.99) with the blood volume calculated from the height and weight of the test individuals.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

On the consistency of ECG reports from two different computer-based ECG recorders.

Four consecutive computer-based ECG recordings/interpretations were made on each of 100 patients. Two of the recordings were made with the MAC II recorder (Marquette Electronics Inc., Milwaukee, USA) and two with the Cardisuny IC503FA (Fukuda M-E Kogyo Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan). Computer measurements of PQ interval, Q-width in III, R-amplitude in V5 and QRS axis in the frontal plane were compared between recordings, as also were diagnostic statements pertaining to the presence of atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction. The MAC II was found to be more consistent than the Cardisuny as regards the measurements. There was a tendency that the MAC II was more specific than the Cardisuny and the Cardisuny more sensitive than the MAC II. The MAC II gave no false positive reports of atrial fibrillation and only one false positive report of myocardial infarction.

Atrial Fibrillation↗

PubMed1989

Constitutional C-band polymorphism in lymphocytes from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.

The C-band heterochromatin polymorphism of chromosomes 1, 9, and 16 was studied in lymphocytes from 53 patients with Ph1-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and 183 control persons. The patients had significantly larger heterochromatic blocks on chromosome 16 (p less than 0.01) and fewer partial inversions of chromosome 9 (p less than 0.05) than the control persons, whereas no differences were found for the symmetry/asymmetry pattern. We suggest that the increased constitutive heterochromatin regions may, via sister chromosome exchange, facilitate homo- or hemizygotization of genes which favor neoplasia development and/or progression.

Chromosome Aberrations↗

PubMed1989

Binding of levonorgestrel, norethisterone and desogestrel to human sex hormone binding globulin and influence on free testosterone levels.

The progestogens desogestrel, levonorgestrel, lynestrenol and norethisterone are known to display certain androgenic effects. Apart from direct androgen receptor interaction, binding to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and displacement of testosterone could lead to an increase in free, metabolically active testosterone. The affinities for SHBG binding of some progestogens including levonorgestrel, norethisterone and the active metabolite of desogestrel, 3-keto-desogestrel, were compared using an equilibrium partition method, and the distribution between free and protein-bound testosterone during progestogen therapy was calculated with the use of a computer program. During treatment with desogestrel, levonorgestrel and norethisterone alone, testosterone displacement could account for a slight increase in free testosterone, though the decrease in serum SHBG following treatment was found to be more important in this respect. Also during treatment with combinations of ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel for oral contraception, testosterone displacement could theoretically have a slight influence on free testosterone levels. Combinations with ethinyl estradiol and desogestrel or norethisterone, on the other hand, cause an increase in SHBG concentration and as a result a fall in free testosterone which could not be compensated via testosterone displacement.

Binding, Competitive↗

PubMed1989

Carotid artery blood flow velocity related to transient ischemic attack and stroke in a population study of 69-year-old men.

A population-based sample of 478 men aged 69 years living in Malmö, Sweden, underwent Doppler ultrasonic examination of their carotid arteries; cerebrovascular symptoms and signs were recorded independently. Among 471 men with complete examinations, 117 (25%) showed significant abnormalities in carotid blood flow velocity (moderate stenoses [30-60% diameter reduction] in 20%, severe stenosis [greater than or equal to 60% reduction] or occlusion in 5%). The latter seemingly formed a group separate from the main distribution curve. Stroke was reported in 28 men (6%), during the year before examination in nine (2%). Carotid transient ischemic attack (TIA) was clinically confirmed in one man during this year, while unconfirmed symptoms were reported in 63 (13%). There was a relation between ipsilateral hemispheric stroke/TIA and severe carotid disease (p less than 0.001). Four of seven men with total occlusion had a stroke or a clinically confirmed TIA. Nevertheless, the majority of carotid stenoses (including severe stenoses) were asymptomatic. Cerebrovascular symptoms were not significantly more frequent among the men having moderate stenosis than among those having healthy arteries.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Mercury, selenium, and glutathione peroxidase in dental personnel.

Eighteen persons, dentists and nurses, with urinary mercury levels higher than the group median value of all dental personnel in the country of Västerbotten were compared with a group consisting of 15 persons with low urinary mercury levels working in the same clinics. A statistically significant difference between the high urinary mercury group and the low urinary mercury group could be seen in the plasma mercury level. In each group a statistically significant relation could be seen between the plasma mercury level and the total number of amalgam surfaces. The two groups did not differ with regard to the levels of plasma selenium and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase, and no correlation between these two variables and the plasma mercury levels could be found. To evaluate organ functions, a large number of supplementary analyses were performed. These analyses did not indicate any influence on organ functions. Although the persons in the present study were occupationally exposed to mercury, none of the biologic variables analyzed seemed to be affected. Even among dental personnel who handle amalgam professionally the number of amalgam surfaces is a major contributory factor to the P-mercury level.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Dermatitis of the face, yellow toe nail changes, hairy leukoplakia and oral candidiasis are clinical indicators of progression to AIDS/opportunistic infection in patients with HIV infection.

In a prospective longitudinal study of 89 men with HIV infection and persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) we tried to find clinical signs predictive of development to AIDS/opportunistic infection (OI). The mean observation time was 47 months. 27 patients (30%) developed AIDS/OI after a mean of 37 months. The estimated median time from diagnosis of PGL to AIDS/OI was 68 months. Four clinical signs of progression towards AIDS/OI were identified: dermatitis of the face, yellow toe nail changes, hairy leukoplakia and oral candidiasis. One or more of these signs were recorded in 25/27 (93%) of the patients before the development of AIDS/OI. The estimated median time from registration of each sign to AIDS/OI was: dermatitis of the face, 29 months; yellow toe nail changes, 21 months; hairy leukoplakia, 18 months; and oral candidiasis, 10 months. The estimated median time from herpes zoster to AIDS was only slightly shorter than the estimated time from diagnosis of PGL to AIDS/OI.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1989

Predictive markers of AIDS: a follow-up of lymphocyte subsets and HIV serology in a cohort of patients with lymphadenopathy.

From 1982 to 1985, 89 HIV-1 seropositive men with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL) were enrolled into a prospective longitudinal study. In February 1988, after a mean observation time of 45 months, 23 patients had progressed to AIDS with opportunistic infection (AIDS/OI), 4 had developed Kaposi's sarcoma, 47 had developed HIV-related symptoms, 14 still had PGL as only symptom, and 1 was lost to follow-up. Patients with CD4 lymphocytes less than or equal to 0.40 x 10(9)/l as well as patients with HIV antigenaemia and those lacking antibodies to p24 all had a significantly higher risk of developing AIDS/OI within 30 months of observation than other patients. HIV antigen was present in 70% and antibodies to p24 were lacking in 61% of the patients at the time of AIDS/OI diagnosis. All but one (96%) of the AIDS/OI patients had CD4 numbers less than or equal to 0.20 x 10(9)/l at the same time. The estimated median time to AIDS/OI in patients with HIV antigenaemia was 21 months and in patients lacking p24 antibodies 27 months. In patients with CD4 numbers less than or equal to 0.20 and 0.40 x 10(9) cells/l the estimated median time to AIDS/OI was 14 months and longer than 30 months, respectively.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1989

Surface dose measurements in clinical photon beams.

Surface dose measurements have been made with different dosemeters routinely in clinical practice such as thermoluminescence (TL) dosemeters of different thicknesses or Si-diodes. The results obtained are compared with surface dose measurements made with an extrapolation chamber. TL-dosemeters with a thickness of 0.13 mm are shown to be suitable for skin dose estimations and accurate within 5% if appropriate correction factors are applied. The measured dose obtained for 60Co, 6 MV and 21 MV x-rays should, for these dosemeters, be multiplied by 0.82, 0.90 and 1.0 respectively to obtain the correct surface dose. Thicker dosemeters are inaccurate because they overestimate the surface dose inside the beam and underestimate it outside the beam and the deviation from the correct dose varies with irradiation geometry.

Cobalt Radioisotopes↗

PubMed1989

Long-term follow-up of sickness periods in breast cancer patients primarily treated with surgery and radiotherapy or surgery only.

Morbidity as assessed by the number of sicklisted days was studied in 500 breast cancer patients. All patients were part of a randomized trial going on between 1971 and 1976 to evaluate the clinical effect of pre- and postoperative radiotherapy versus surgery only. Data on the number of sicklisted days and various forms of retirement from 1971 to 1984 was obtained by cooperation with the Swedish National Social Insurance Office. It was shown that the number of sicklisted days did not differ significantly between the study groups when the initial sickperiod--that is the time for operation, adjuvant radiotherapy and immediate recovery--was deducted from the total number of sicklisted days. The same result was also obtained when the time on disability pension was added. Our results do thus not support the hypothesis that adjuvant radiotherapy increases morbidity in breast cancer patients.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1989

Differences in blood T and NK cell populations between chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B cell type (B-CLL) and monoclonal B-lymphocytosis of undetermined significance (B-MLUS).

T and NK cell blood subpopulations were determined in 33 patients with B-CLL and in 14 patients with B-MLUS by two-color immunofluorescence. CLL patients had significantly higher total numbers of Leu-7+ and CD8+ cells and lower numbers of CD16+/Leu-7- cells as well as a higher Leu-7/CD16 ratio and a lower CD4/CD8 ratio than MLUS patients and control donors. Moreover, MLUS patients exhibited a significantly lower Leu-7/CD16 ratio as well as a higher frequency of CD16+/Leu-7- cells than healthy donors. These results suggest that B-CLL patients have higher numbers of circulating immature NK cells compared to B-MLUS, while B-MLUS patients have a larger proportion of NK cells with a high lytic capability as compared to both CLL and normal controls. The imbalance between CD4+ and CD8+ cells was prominent in CLL with a low CD4/CD8 ratio, but within the upper normal range in MLUS. Differences in immunoregulatory cell subpopulations between B-CLL and B-MLUS might therefore contribute to the different clinical behavior of these two disorders.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Pretransplant herpes virus serology and chronic graft-versus-host disease.

The influence of pretransplant herpes virus antibodies in patients and donors in the subsequent development of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was analysed in 150 consecutive HLA identical bone marrow recipients. The Cox regression bivariate analysis showed that (i) pretransplant seropositivity for cytomegalovirus (CMV) in the patients and the donors, (ii) donor seropositivity for herpes simplex virus and Epstein-Barr virus, (iii) high donor and patient age, (iv) a previous grade II-IV acute GVHD, (v) patients receiving unirradiated donor buffy coat cells post-transplant, (vi) overall CMV infection, (vii) high donor herpes virus load (positive serology for 3-4 herpes viruses versus 0-2), and (viii) high recipient herpes virus load prior to BMT were all associated with a high incidence of chronic GVHD. In Cox regression multivariate analysis, high pretransplant donor herpes virus load (p less than 0.001) and a previous grade II-IV acute GVHD (p = 0.02) were the strongest predictors of chronic GVHD. Thus, herpes virus immune cells in the donated marrow may play a role in the pathophysiology of chronic GVHD.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Variables predicting deep fungal infections in bone marrow transplant recipients.

Deep fungal infections (FI) were diagnosed in 27 out of 209 consecutive bone marrow transplantation (BMT) recipients. Autopsy verified that the incidence of deep FI was 10% and the overall incidence was 13%. Using bivariate logistic regression analysis at the time of BMT, high recipient age (p = 0.003), low bone marrow cell dose (p = 0.007), recipient cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity (p = 0.009) and splenectomy (p = 0.03) were significant risk factors for deep FI. In multivariate analysis, splenectomy (p = 0.008), recipient CMV seropositivity (p = 0.01) and low bone marrow cell dose (p = 0.01) held as significant. At 30 days post-BMT anti-thymocyte globulin treatment (p = 0.0006) and graft-versus-host disease grade II-IV (p = 0.005) were significant risk variables in bivariate logistic regression analysis and Fisher's exact probability test. Patients with these risk factors are candidates for treatment with antifungal drugs when they suffer from leukopenia and unclear fever.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Incidence of anal epidermoid carcinoma in Sweden 1970-1984.

A retrospective study was made of 858 cases of anal epidermoid carcinoma notified to the Swedish Cancer Registry in the 15-year period 1970-1984. The mean age at diagnosis was 67 years, with 5% (45) of the patients aged 25-44, 37% (314) aged 45-64 and 58% (499) greater than or equal to 65 years. All three age groups showed female predominance (c. 2:1), and the mean annual age-adjusted incidence/100,000 population was 1.40 for women and 0.68 for men. Incidence was highest in the cities of Stockholm (1.89) and Malmö (1.53). A strongly positive correlation was found between incidence of the disease and proportion of the population living in urban areas. Substantial annual rise (mean 4.3%) in incidence occurred during the study period, approximately the same in both sexes, in all age groups and in different "risk areas".

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Knee pain in middle age and its relationship to occupational work load and psychosocial factors.

In a sample of 574, 55-year-old residents of Malmö, Sweden, the occurrence of knee pain and its relationship with some predisposing factors were analyzed. The prevalence of knee pain was 10%. One percent (men only) had roentgenographic signs of gonarthrosis. Women with knee pain more often had varus knees, but patellofemoral tenderness was more frequent in valgus knees in both men and women. Men with knee pain were on average heavier than those without knee pain. Men and women with knee pain had been less successful in a childhood intelligence test, had a briefer education, were less satisfied with their working conditions, and had jobs with heavier physical demands than the average. The average income was also lower among subjects with knee pain. However, there was an interaction between the measured variables so that in a stepwise logistic regression analysis only two variables, body weight and job satisfaction, remained independent in men; in women, none of the variables was independent.

Anthropometry↗