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Biomedical subjects

B N Weissman

Publications and source records attributed to B N Weissman.

68 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Prognostic features of atlantoaxial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

The clinical and radiographic findings of 194 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and atlantoaxial (C1-C2) subluxation and/or atlantoaxial impaction (AAI) were reviewed. The condition of most patients with C1-C2 alignment abnormalities remained unchanged or became worse with time (i.e., the misalignment became fixed, subluxation increased, or AAI developed). The chance of developing upper cervical cord compression was not related to worsening per se, but to the degree of deformity. Upper spinal cord compression developed more often in men; when C1-C2 subluxation was greater than 9 mm; and in the presence of atlantoaxial impaction. The presence of lateral C1-C2 subluxation probably also contributes to the development of upper spinal cord compression. Settling of the skull and C1 onto C2 (AAI) were considered to be present when the anterior arch of C1 was abnormally low in relation to C2.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Resorptive hip arthropathy in hemophilia.

Hip involvement is unusual in patients with hemophilia. Radiographic findings range from soft-tissue swelling and growth abnormalities to cartilage damage and osteoarthritis. Two patients are presented in whom severe bone resorption followed these more usual findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Arthrosonography: gray-scale ultrasound evaluation of the shoulder.

Gray-scale ultrasound images of the shoulders of 6 rhesus monkeys were obtained before and after fluid instillation to assess the ability of ultrasound to diagnose joint disorders. The normal bony landmarks and muscular structures were shown. After the fluid was introduced, fluid collections were identified in the axillary pouch and subscapular bursa. Ultrasound is a promising new method of detecting intra-articular effusions of the shoulder.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Radiographic findings in the hands in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Hand radiographs of 59 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were examined. Thirty-four revealed radiographic abnormalities, most commonly periarticular soft-tissue swelling or demineralization. Alignment abnormalities, acral sclerosis, avascular necrosis, soft-tissue calcification and terminal tuft resorption were also seen. All patients with periarticular calcification or terminal tuft resorption had Raynaud's phenomenon. Clinical indicators of disease activity (including low serum complement levels) did not correlate with the presence or severity of radiographic abnormalities. Patients with abnormal radiographs generally were older at the time of diagnosis than those with normal studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Mammography of the definitively irradiated breast.

The role of mammography in evaluating tumor response was examined in 27 patients undergoing definitive radiation therapy for breast cancer. Radiographic changes observed after treatment included progressive skin thickening, fibrosis of the subcutaneous tissue, and breast retraction. The persistence of a mass more than six months after irradiation suggests treatment failure. Serial mammography may be particularly important in the evaluation of patients with locally advanced disease who require extensive radiation therapy and in whom physical examination is inadequate for the assessment of tumor response.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

Spontaneous fractures of the olecranon process in rheumatoid arthritis.

Spontaneous fractures through the olecranon process occurred in 3 patients with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis. In each case the elbow was severely damaged, particularly in the midportion of the trochlear notch, which was thinned either by erosion or cyst formation. The thin trichlear notch is the weak pivot point of a lever (the olecranon process) which pivots on the distal humerus. Excess stress on the lever, by the action of the triceps on the olecranon process, will produce a fracture at the weakest point: the midtrochlear notch.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Lesions resembling gout in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Although roentgenographic appearances are seldom important in establishing the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis or gout, atypical appearances of individual lesions may confuse the distinction between these two conditions. Sixteen patients with rheumatoid arthritis were selected to illustrate joint and soft tissue lesions which resemble gout. The lesions are divided into five broad categories on the basis of the appearance and sites of bone erosion as well as the nature of soft tissue changes. Symmetrical bilateral joint involvement was found to be especially helpful in distinguishing rheumatoid arthritis from gout.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1975

Radionuclide angiography in graded carotid stenosis. An experimental study with angiographic correlation.

Radionuclide and contrast angiographies were performed in 10 dogs. In 6 dogs unilateral or bilateral (partial or total) carotid occlusions were produced by silk ligatures. Follow-up angiographies were carried out at intervals up to 6 months following surgery. Visual assessment of the radionuclide carotid angiogram was compared to quantitative analysis of the time-activity curves over these areas. Several parameters of these curves were reviewed. The ratio of the slopes, was the most sensitive parameter of the assessment of carotid artery stenosis. The ratio of the slopes of the curves in normal dogs (mean 96 plus or minus 5.2 S.D.) was significantly different from that in animals with stenosis greater than 80% (mean 67.3 plus or minus 16.9 S.D.).

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arthrosonography--technique, sonographic anatomy, and pathology.

Ultrasound scanning of the hips, shoulders, and elbows was investigated as a noninvasive technique for the diagnosis of joint disorders. Sixteen patients with known intra-articular fluid collections, loose bodies, or periarticular abnormalities were studied. Ultrasound images clearly demonstrated the contours of bony surfaces, normal muscles, and other soft-tissue structures around joints. Intra-articular fluid collections were seen as sonolucent halos around the femoral neck and humeral head and as an oval, sonolucent area anterior to the distal humerus. Collections of fluid as small as 10 ml in the hip and 16 ml in the shoulder were visualized. Intra-articular loose bodies and para-articular fluid collections were also demonstrated. It is concluded that gray-scale ultrasound can demonstrate some of the basic pathologic processes in joint disorders. Further evaluation of its scope and applicability is indicated.

Body Fluids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Osteoporosis: radiologic and nuclear medicine procedures.

A number of radiographic and nuclear medicine techniques are available for the assessment of patients suspected of having osteoporosis or at risk for the development of osteoporosis. Spinal radiographs are insensitive indicators of osteoporosis. They can document the presence of metastatic tumors or other lesions that may produce compression fracture. The Singh index assesses the trabecular pattern of the proximal femur. As bone loss occurs, the trabeculae disappear in a definite sequence. Radiogrammetry refers to the measurement of bone and cortical widths in the peripheral skeleton, usually the second metacarpal. The method is low cost and most useful for population studies. It does not reflect early osteoporosis. Photodensitometry entails radiography of a part of a bone with inclusion of a standard reference wedge on the radiograph. The density of the bone is compared with the wedge. In some laboratories, precision is good (1.5 percent) and the radiation dose is low. Peripheral cortical bone is measured primarily, which is a disadvantage. Single photon absorptiometry uses the transmission of 27.5 keV photons emitted from an iodine-125 source to assess bone density. In most instances, measurements of the radial shaft are made, which reflect primarily cortical bone rather than the more reactive trabecular bone. The distal end of the radius and the calcaneus may also be measured; these areas contain primarily trabecular bone. Radiation dose is low (less than 10 mrad), but when cortical bone is evaluated, the results correlate poorly with spinal bone mineral. Thus, the test is an insensitive indicator of spinal osteoporosis. Dual energy photon absorptiometry uses a gadolinium-153 isotope source to emit photons of two different energies. The spine, hip, or total bone mineral can be evaluated. The radiation dose is low(<20 mrem). Although the axial skeleton can be assessed, the scan reflects the density of both the cortical and the trabecular bone and any adjacent calcification.Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) uses a reference phantom that is scanned adjacent to the patient to correct for scanner variations. The study allows the trabecular bone of the spine to be evaluated separately from the cortical bone. Precision is 1-3 percent. Accuracy is decreased by the presence (in older individuals) of vertebral marrow fat that makes the measured values of bone mineral spuriously low.CT scanning, using two X-ray energies, can improve accuracy, but decreases precision.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗