Contact depigmentation by adhesive material of bindi.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adhesives↗
Biomedical subjects
B N Gupta
Publications and source records attributed to B N Gupta.
The clinical and biochemical study of pesticide sprayers.
Clinical, haematological and biochemical studies of 34 subjects, occupationally exposed to different types of pesticides, were conducted. The findings have been compared with those observed in 14 control subjects. Inhibition of cholinesterase activity was observed in the exposed group. Serum alkaline phosphatase was also found to be raised. Radiological examination revealed pneumonitic patches in the chest skiagrams of three exposed subjects. Paraesthesia with hyporeflexia was also found in 8.8% of exposed subjects. The findings suggest that exposure to multiple pesticides over many years affects the normal functioning of different organ systems and may produce characteristic clinical effects.
Acetylcholinesterase↗
An investigation of metal concentrations in blood of industrial workers.
Pigments may contain chromates of zinc and lead, dioxide of manganese, oxides of copper and cobalt, and sulphides of cadmium. Workers engaged in the production of colored glass articles are exposed to fumes and dusts from these pigments. Exposure to these metals through inhalation may lead to a high concentration of these metals in blood. Correlations between biometric characteristics of workers and the blood levels of metals, and between blood levels of different metals were explored. Blood copper and chromium were correlated with occupational history. Significant correlations between blood levels of lead, copper, chromium and manganese were also observed.
Adult↗
Ventilatory dysfunction in glass bangle workers.
The pulmonary function status of 73 glass bangle workers suffering from chronic bronchitis having varied exposures to pulmonary toxicants in the work environment was evaluated in 1984. The findings were compared with those observed in 220 asymptomatic glass bangle workers and 88 unexposed controls. There was a higher prevalence (45.2%) of ventilatory dysfunction in the chronic bronchitic cases as compared to 19% in the asymptomatic workers and 2.3% in controls, respectively. The relative risk of airway obstruction was 8.3 and 19.6 times higher in the asymptomatic and chronic bronchitic workers respectively as compared to the controls (p less than 0.001). The prevalence of obstructive impairment among the smokers and non-smokers in the exposed workers was not statistically significant. However, age greater than 30 was found to be significantly associated with bronchial obstruction in chronic bronchitic cases. The relative risk of duration of exposure was found to be 1.86 in the asymptomatic workers exposed for more than 10 years (p less than 0.05) while it was 1.62 in workers with chronic bronchitis. The occupational and environmental factors responsible for the high prevalence of chronic bronchitis and associated ventilatory dysfunction in relatively young glass bangle workers are discussed.
Adult↗
Biochemical and histopathological changes following dermal exposure to paraphenylene diamine in guinea pigs.
The guinea pigs were dermally exposed to paraphenylene diamine (PPD) at a dose level of 0.1 ml day-1 of a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PPD for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. The absorption of PPD and its effects on lipid peroxidation, glutathione, histamine and several enzymes were assessed in skin and serum. Histopathological changes in liver, kidney and skin were examined also. The findings of the study indicated that PPD exposure resulted in significantly increased levels of lipid peroxidation and histamine contents in skin. The activity of enzymes increased significantly in skin and serum. PPD exposure also showed degenerative changes in liver and hyperkeratosis together with infiltration of cells in the dermis. Biochemical defects and histopathological changes in skin and serum correlated with the duration of exposure.
Administration, Topical↗
Cardiac stress in glass bangle workers.
The cardiac cost of work and recovery pulse rates were evaluated in 38 glass bangle workers (mean age 27.8 years, SD 3.4) exposed to radiant heat (46.2 degrees C, SD 5.1) and high ambient temperature (38.2 degrees C, SD 3.4) for a mean period of 11.0 years, SD 3.5 in the glass bangle industry. A reference group of 15 controls (mean age 27.0 years, SD 3.5 unexposed to occupational heat stress served as a comparison. The results showed that the pulse rate increased from a mean basal value of 80.0 beats.min-1, SD 2.7 to 113.2 beats.min-1, SD 11.4 in the exposed workers while in the controls the increase was negligible. Thus the cardiac cost of work was found to be 33.2 beats.min-1, SD 11.1 in the exposed group which was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than 7.8 beats.min-1, SD 4.2 observed in the control group. Among the exposed workers, 'belanias', who were engaged in the strenuous job of manually rotating the iron roller in the Belan furnace so that the molten glass could be wound in a spiral form, showed the maximum increase in the pulse rate (42.0 beats.min-1, SD 7.5) over the work-shift followed by 'muthias' (31.1 beats.min-1, SD 4.0) who were engaged in removing the glass spirals from the Belan furnace. However, wireman ('tarkashs'), who were engaged in the highly skilled job of making very fine threads of molten glass with the help of an iron roller, showed the smallest increase (19.5 beats.min-1, SD 3.4) in pulse rate over the work-shift.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
A global comparison of predicting equations on spirometry in the male population.
A multiple regression model considering dependent variables like vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and age and height as independent variables for the adult male population, which includes whites of European descent and non-whites was reviewed to evaluate the role of lung function status following standardization of age and height. Non-whites showed 0.19 litre decline in VC per decade of life as compared to 0.24 litres observed in the whites of European descent. Mean VC increased 0.05 litres per centimetre in non-whites and whites. The variation in the constant term in the regression equation determined the difference between the racial groups. Like VC, FEV1 showed ethnic differences similar to those of VC. However, the magnitude of the variation in the predicted values of FEV1 was found to be less than that observed in VC. When related to VC, FEV1 showed little difference between most European populations, New Guyanaese, Indians, Negroes, Africans and Chinese because FEV1/FVC ratio had a very narrow range between 77 and 80%.
Adult↗
An investigation of the neurobehavioural effects on workers exposed to organic solvents.
Forty-five workers exposed to the solvents xylene and toluene in varnishing processes in a major heavy electrical industry were studied to find the effect of this exposure on different parameters of behaviour. These were immediate and delayed memory, visual ability, visual learning and psychomotor ability. The findings were compared with those from subjects who were not exposed. Immediate memory and delayed memory were affected among both directly and indirectly exposed workers as compared with those in the controls which remained unaffected. Visual intelligence and memory were most affected by exposure. Psychomotor ability was significantly affected among the directly exposed workers, as compared with the occasionally exposed group which did not show any significant difference from the control workers.
Adult↗
Occupational diseases of teeth.
Occupational diseases of the teeth have, in general, received scant attention. The chief cause of this is lack of awareness among occupational physicians. Exposure to various chemical substances is one of the causes of occupation-related dental disorders. Physical and biological factors also contribute. The combination of these factors plus poor dental hygiene aggravates the condition. The present article aims to focus the attention of occupational physicians towards this important problem.
Animals↗
Role of vasopressin in cardiovascular and blood pressure regulation.
At low concentrations and in physiologic states vasopressin is a potent antidiuretic hormone. Its cardiovascular effects have been more complex and their role in circulatory adjustments to hypovolemia and hypotension difficult to define with precision. Although recognized as a powerful vasoconstrictor, its pressor effect in intact animals, even at high concentrations, is minimal. The reasons for this blunted pressor response have been explored. This report is a review of previously published work from our laboratories which highlights the direct and indirect vasodilator actions of this hormone in animals and humans. The indirect vasodilator effect is caused by inhibition of sympathetic efferents, and facilitation of the baroreflex through a central action of the hormone and its sensitization of arterial baroreceptors as well as cardiac afferents.
Animals↗
Pulmonary function study in female grinders exposed to agate dust.
This paper reports a cross-sectional study of a non-smoking population of silica exposed female workers compared with a group of healthy non-exposed females. The exposed group is divided into cohorts according to the presence or absence of pneumoconiosis in either simple or complex form. The study revealed statistically significant difference in pulmonary function between each of the pneumoconiosis group and the controls and healthy exposed workers. Furthermore, there was statistically significant difference between the values of pulmonary function parameters of the healthy exposed group and the controls. The most important observation of the study is that almost equal decrement of pulmonary function values was observed in the diseased groups and in the healthy exposed group compared to the decrement seen between the latter group and the control group. VC and FVC showed a mean fall of 11.0 and 11.5% in the healthy exposed group as compared to those observed in the unexposed controls (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05) while in the pneumoconiosis group VC and FVC showed 16.9 and 18.2% decrease as compared with the values obtained in the healthy grinders (p less than 0.01). Similarly FEV1 showed almost same decrease in the healthy (17.9%) and diseased (20.7%) exposed groups (p less than 0.001). However, FEV0.75 and MVV parameters showed greater decrement (25.4 and 33.7%) in the pneumoconiosis group as compared to 15.7 and 18.5% observed in the healthy exposed workers. The important observation made in this study is that potential pulmonary debilitation may occur in pneumoconiosis before, or in the absence of, any radiologic findings.
Adult↗
Synthetic detergents induced-biochemical and histological changes in skin of guinea pigs.
The linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) based synthetic detergents-induced decrease in lipid peroxydation and increase in histamine content in exposed skin of guinea pigs in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological alterations of exposed skin included moderate degree of hyperkeratinization at lower concentration but necrosis, scarring, sloughing as well as discontinuity of epidermis at higher concentrations. The results shows that the contact of skin with detergents causes dermal toxicity.
Alkanesulfonates↗
Study of respiratory impairment among pesticide sprayers in Mango plantations.
Pulmonary function studies were conducted on 489 pesticide workers engaged in spraying operations on mango plantations. These workers were exposed to a variety of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides. A reference group consisting of 208 controls, belonging to the same socioeconomic stratum, was taken from the same area for purposes of comparison. The results of the study showed 36.5 and 41.5% prevalence of respiratory impairment in the exposed workers and in the controls, respectively. The most common pulmonary impairment among the exposed subjects (18.8%) and controls (16.9%) was of the restrictive type, followed by mixed ventilatory defect. Bronchial obstruction affected 2.5 and 3.7% of the exposed and control populations, respectively. In a comparison of the prevalence of total respiratory impairment in the pesticide workers and the controls, the nonsmokers did not show any significant difference in this study. The prevalence rate of respiratory impairment showed an increasing trend in different exposure groups (p less than 0.05), thereby clearly indicating a dose effect. The study revealed that occupational exposure to pesticides had a direct bearing on the respiratory impairment identified in the exposed workers.
Adult↗
Oculotoxins: effects, implications, and importance in occupational health.
A large number of chemicals are being used in industries. The potential of many of these chemicals to cause ocular damage has been well documented. It is therefore important that proper attention be given to the prevention of visual handicap among the population exposed to industrial chemicals. The aim of the present article is to create awareness and provoke discussion among concerned health personnel and administrators.
Chemical Industry↗
Cardio-respiratory studies on glass bangle workers.
Cardio-respiratory functions were recorded in 18 glass bangle workers (Belanias) who worked near the belan furnace continuously for 2 h. The workers were exposed to high ambient temperature (tDB 38.2 degrees C +/- 3.4 degrees C) and thermal radiation (tG 46.2 degrees C +/- 5.1 degrees C) during their work. The physiological responses recorded after the work spell at 1 (R1) 3 (R3) and 5 (R5) minute intervals exhibited incomplete recovery. The oral temperature remained significantly high (0.74 degrees F +/- 0.27 degrees F) even at R5 and never reached pre-work value. Similarly the heart rate values remained very high (26.4 +/- 5.4 beats/min) at R1, (10.7 +/- 3.9 beats/min) at R3 and (4.01 +/- 2.4 beats/min) at R5 periods during recovery, thereby showing that heart rate did not regain the pre-work status. The incomplete recovery in heart rate revealed cardiac stress in the exposed workers. Besides the cardiac stress, the cardiac cost of the work under the prevailing hot conditions in the glass bangle industry was very high, adding further to circulatory strain in these workers. Almost all the exposed workers were found to have hyperventilation syndrome characterized by increased respiratory frequency and tidal volume resulting in ventilatory stress induced by physical and physiological heat.
Anthropometry↗
In vitro effect of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) on some enzymes in liver and gills of the teleost Channa punctatus.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Alkanesulfonates↗
Thermal stress and physiological strain of children exposed to hot environments in a glass bangle factory.
A group of 19 male children (mean age 12.1 years SEM 1.6 years) occupationally exposed to an excessively hot environment for an average duration of 2.5 years SEM 1.7 years in the glass bangle factory in Firozabad, India, were studied to evaluate the physiological strain induced by the thermal radiation (mean radiant temperature 46.2 degrees SEM 5.1 degrees C) and high ambient temperature (38.2 degrees SEM 3.4 degrees C) prevailing in the factory. Over a work-shift the mean increase in oral temperature was 0.90 degrees C in the exposed children, in comparison with the 0.40 degrees C increase recorded in the control children (p less than 0.05). The maximum increase in oral temperature was recorded in 'gulliwalas' (0.90 degrees C) and the minimum in 'battiwalas' (0.80 degrees C). The mean peak value of oral temperature (37.5 degrees C) was observed at 1600 hours. A significant increase in the pulse rate (25.9 beats.min-1) during the work-shift was observed in the exposed children in comparison with a mean increase of 9.4 beats.min-1 in the control group. Ventilatory studies showed pulmonary hyperventilation in the exposed workers. The increase in pulmonary ventilation was in the form of an increase in tidal volume and respiratory frequency induced by high environmental temperatures and thermal radiation. The cardio-respiratory responses showed physiological strain induced by the high ambient temperature and radiant heat prevailing in the glass bangle factory.
Adolescent↗
A study of the prevalence of ventilatory obstruction in textile workers exposed to cotton dust.
A study was conducted in a cotton spinning mill to assess the prevalence of respiratory impairment in 189 asymptomatic workers and 133 byssinotics drawn from various sections of the plant exposed to airborne cotton dust in the work environment. Eight-four healthy controls belonging to the same socioeconomic status and ethnic group having never been exposed to cotton dust or any other pollutant was also studied for the purpose of comparison. Of the 189 asymptomatic workers, 13 (6.8%) suffered from bronchial obstruction whereas only 2 (2.3%) among the control showed obstructive pulmonary impairment. The byssinotics showed a significantly higher prevalence (15.7%) of bronchial obstruction than that (6.8%) observed among the asymptomatic cotton workers (P less than 0.005). Byssinotics (grade II) showed significantly higher prevalence (31.5%) of bronchial obstruction than that (9.4%) observed in acute byssinotics (grade I). The effect of smoking on the prevalence of bronchial obstruction in the asymptomatic and byssinotics was quite discernible as smokers showed significantly higher prevalence than that observed among the nonsmokers (P less than 0.05). The asymptomatic cotton workers and those with different grades of byssinosis having more than 10 years of exposure showed significantly higher prevalence of bronchial obstruction than that observed in the group with less than 10 years of exposure (P less than 0.005). The healthy cotton workers and byssinotics engaged in the preparatory section (card, blow, and waste plant rooms) showed an insignificant higher prevalence of bronchial obstruction (11.3 and 24.4%, respectively) than among those who worked in the spinning, reeling, and winding sections of the mill. The mechanism responsible for causing ventilatory obstruction in the textile workers is discussed.
Adult↗