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Biomedical subjects

B Mueller

Publications and source records attributed to B Mueller.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Serum alpha 1-microglobulin and beta 2-microglobulin for the estimation of fetal glomerular renal function.

As proteins cannot cross the placenta levels of the microproteins alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1MG) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2 MG) can be used to assess fetal glomerular renal function. alpha 1MG, beta 2MG and creatinine were routinely determined in cord and maternal blood of 133 newborns [gestational age (GA) 25-42 weeks]. Twenty-nine patients with suspected impaired maternal or fetal renal function were studied separately and two fetuses were studied in utero. The mean fetal beta 2MG concentration fell from 3.87 +/- 0.56 mg/l in the 25-31 weeks GA group to 2.60 +/- 0.50 mg/l in the mature newborn group. alpha 1MG concentration fell from 3.10 +/- 0.51 to 2.25 +/- 0.49 mg/dl. In contrast, the mean maternal beta 1MG concentration rose from 1.73 +/- 0.69 mg/l in the 25-31 weeks GA group to a mean of 1.83 +/- 0.48 mg/l in the mature newborn group; alpha 1MG rose from 3.96 +/- 0.58 to 4.33 +/- 1.6 mg/dl. Maternal and fetal creatinine levels were identical. Fetal microprotein levels fall during intra-uterine development as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) rises. There is no correlation between cord blood and maternal alpha 1MG or beta 2MG concentrations. In 13 children with urological anomalies only 1 had elevated microprotein levels and he later developed renal insufficiency. Determination of microprotein levels in fetal serum can be used to detect severe renal function disturbances and to estimate GFR independently of maternal renal function.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1991

Gestational duration and birthweight in white, black and mixed-race babies.

Using the 1983 United States population of single live births, birthweight and gestational duration were compared for babies of these different parental racial groups: both parents White, mother White-father Black, mother Black-father White, both parents Black. The four groups differed significantly with respect to the usual sociodemographic variables. Mean birthweight and mean gestational duration decreased in that order from the White-White reference group, and conversely there were increasing trends for low birthweight and preterm delivery. Adjustment for the usual sociodemographic variables did not alter these trends appreciably. Group differences were more strongly related to the mother's race than to the father's, and the trends were related to the mother's race. Because the father's race was significant, genetic factors are probably of some importance. The evidence from this study, together with the often-demonstrated relationships between low birthweight and preterm delivery with sociodemographic variables, and the short-term downward secular trends in low birthweight, support the concept that non-genetic maternal factors are more important for these abnormal outcomes. But because neither the usually utilised sociodemographic variables nor genetic factors seem to explain much of the group differences, new approaches are necessary to understand why, irrespective of ethnic group, some women are at excess risk for suboptimal birth outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in children identified by immunological marker studies.

Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMkL), defined by the presence of the platelet-associated glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex on malignant cells, was diagnosed in 4 (4%) of 103 consecutive children with untreated acute leukemia or 4 (21%) of 19 children with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL). Particular features in the four children with AMkL were an age below 12 months at diagnosis (two patients), the absence of a significant hepatosplenomegaly (three patients), a leukocyte count below 20 x 10(9)/L with only a few blast cells in the peripheral blood (four patients), a technically difficult bone marrow aspiration (three patients), the presence of many megakaryocytes in marrow particles (two patients), and an inconclusive cytochemistry (four patients). The four children with AMkL were treated according to protocols for ANLL and a complete remission was obtained in all patients. One patient died from relapse after 3 months, one patient is a long-term survivor (38+ months), and two patients still on chemotherapy are disease-free for 11+ and 13+ months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

A double-masked comparison of carteolol and timolol in ocular hypertension.

We performed a double-masked study in which 98 patients with ocular hypertension who had been previously treated with timolol received either timolol 0.25% or carteolol 1%, a beta-blocker with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. The drugs were administered topically twice daily for one month after a one-week washout period. Intraocular pressure was measured at baseline and after one and four weeks of treatment. The appearance of the fundus, external eye, visual fields, tear secretion, blood pressure, and pulse were recorded. Adverse symptoms were elicited using a menu-type questionnaire and an overall judgment of therapy was recorded. Carteolol was as effective as timolol in reducing intraocular pressure. There were significantly fewer patients reporting adverse events overall (P = .019), and eye irritation specifically (P = .02), in the group treated with carteolol.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1988

Umbilical cord separation in the normal newborn.

During a 13-month period, 363 infants were followed up through the first six weeks to determine the effect of perinatal factors (birth weight, gestational age, type of delivery, and pregnancy and neonatal complications) on umbilical cord separation. Also, breast-feedings and umbilical cord care were studied. Except for cesarean section deliveries, study infants were similar to all infants (N = 1474) admitted to the same nursery during the study period. Cord separation occurred from days three to 45, with a mean of 13.9 days. Infants born by cesarean section were found to have an increased interval for cord separation when compared with infants born vaginally (mean +/- SD, 15.9 +/- 5.0 days vs 12.9 +/- 4.2 days). In this study, delays in separation of the umbilical cord beyond 3 weeks of age was not associated with an increased risk of infection.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1988

Concentrations of nicotine, RSP, CO and CO2 in nonsmoking areas of offices ventilated by air recirculated from smoking designated areas.

The exposure of nonsmokers to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) when smoking is relegated to designated areas that are not separately ventilated is of considerable interest. Concentrations of nicotine, respirable suspended particles (RSP), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO2) were measured in offices under different conditions of smoking regulation: smoking prohibited; smoking prohibited areas receiving recirculated air from designated smoking areas; smoking and nonsmoking sections of these designated smoking areas. Nicotine was collected by pumping air for periods of 1-8 hr at 1 L/min through sampling tubes containing a styrene divinylbenzene copolymer. RSPs (5 micron cut-off) were measured using an optical side scattering instrument. CO was measured by a direct reading electrochemical analyzer and CO2 by colorimetric detector tubes. Detection of nicotine in nonsmoking office areas that received recirculated air from smoking designated areas required sampling times of 4 hr or more. Nicotine levels in such offices were approximately 1.0 micrograms/m3. RSP, CO and CO2 concentrations were approximately the same in these offices as compared to nonsmoking offices not exposed to recirculated air from smoking areas. Providing a designated but not separately ventilated smoking area appears to be effective in eliminating most components of ETS from nonsmoking office work areas.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1987

Poor prediction of positive computed tomographic scans by clinical criteria in symptomatic pediatric head trauma.

A retrospective study of 98 children who received CT scanning for head trauma was conducted to determine whether clinical signs would accurately identify patients needing CT scans. The clinical findings of Glasgow Coma Scale score of 12 or less, altered consciousness on admission, and focal abnormalities on neurologic examination were each significantly associated with abnormal findings on CT scans (P less than .01). However, 31% of the 51 patients with Glasgow Coma Scale scores greater than 12 had abnormal CT scan findings. No clinical findings, alone or in combination, accurately identified all patients with abnormal findings on CT scans.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed1986

Limitation of myocardial unperfused area and necrotic zone 24 hours and 7 days after coronary artery ligation in rats by the stable prostacyclin analogue iloprost.

Protective effects of prostacyclin (PGI2) and Iloprost in experimental cardiac ischemia are reported by several authors. However, the effects of continuous administration on the final outcome of myocardial infarction are not yet known. We investigated the effects of Iloprost on cardiac unperfused area (UA) and necrotic zone (NZ) as assessed by Evans blue perfusion and extraction and nitrobluetetrazolium staining, respectively, using osmotic minipumps for continuous intravenous drug administration. Starting 3-4 hours after left descending coronary artery-ligation (LAD-L) Iloprost was infused at doses of 0.1 microgram and 0.5 microgram X kg-1 X min-1. While the lower dose is below pharmacological effect level, the higher dose in rats slightly lowered blood pressure and effectively inhibited platelet aggregation. LAD-L in control rats resulted in UA and NZ extending to 34.2 and 16.9%, respectively, of total ventricular mass (VM) after 24 hours and 28.3 and 21.3% of VM, respectively, after 7 days. At the dose of 0.1 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 Iloprost was ineffective in reducing UA 24 hours after LAD-L. However, at 0.5 microgram X kg-1 X min-1 Iloprost with UA and NZ of 16.3 and 8.4% of VM, respectively, after 24 hours and 8.5 and 5.2% of VM, respectively, after 7 days reduced the extension of myocardial infarction by approximately 50% after 24 hours and 70% after 7 days, as compared to controls. As assessed in unperfused ventricular tissue after LAD-L and normal myocardium of sham-operated rats following 24 hours of Iloprost infusion, myocardial tissue concentrations of Iloprost amount to approximately half of the plasma levels irrespective of LAD-L.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

EEG evaluation of drug effects in the rat.

A test procedure, inducing a defined state of vigilance in rats, has been investigated to ascertain its usefulness for EEG monitoring of the effects of drugs. In order to prevent spontaneous fluctuations in the level of vigilance, rats were trained to walk in a slowly rotating treadwheel. The level of vigilance recorded under these conditions could be shifted by amphetamine, 1.0 mg/kg p.o., to a higher state of arousal, as shown by a reduction in power in all frequency bands, and by diazepam, 0.3 mg/kg p.o., to a lower state of arousal, as indicated by a rise in the activity at low frequencies. Imipramine (1.0, 3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg p.o.) caused a dose-related reduction in power in the intermediate frequency bands (3-18 Hz).

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1979

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the oocyst wall of Isospora lacazei.

The oocyst wall of Isospora lacazei from sparrows was studied with scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. In TEM, the oocyst wall consisted of four distinct layers (L1-4). The innermost layer, L1, was moderately electron-lucent and 240--285 nm thick; L2 was electron-dense and 210--240 nm thick; L3 was moderately electron-lucent and 15--150 nm thick; L4, the outer most layer, was discontinuous and consisted of electron-dense discoid bodies which measured 180--220 nm x 320--840 nm. The discoid bodies of L4 as seen by TEM appeared spheroid in shape when observed by SEM. One or two membranes were situated on or between various layers of the oocyst wall. One such membrane occurred on the inner margin of L1, two closely applied membranes were interposed between L1 and L2, one membrane occurred between L2 and L3, and one membrane on the outer margin of L3.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Serological investigations on rabies tissue culture vaccine (USSR) and development of short methods in post-exposure treatment.

Comparisons have been carried out in the GDR between the Hempt-vaccine, which has been used until now, and a vaccine prepared in the USSR from the Vnukovo-32 strain on tissue culture. A trial of 1,800 treatments undertaken in 18 vaccination centres has clearly shown that the tissue culture vaccine is superior to the Hempt-vaccine and allows the number of injections to be reduced. The authors recommend three types of treatment--with or without the combination of antirabies immunoglobulin--according to the risk of exposure or the injuries sustained.

Antibody Formation↗