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B Millat

Publications and source records attributed to B Millat.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Simple surgical technique to prevent direct secondary aortoenteric fistulas.

To prevent direct secondary aortoenteric fistulas, a devastating complication of abdominal aortic surgery, we describe here a rapid, very easy to perform and no cost operating technique. A part about 4 cm long of the vascular prosthesis was cut to obtain a partial tailored ring which was passed through the prosthesis. After the anastomosis was realized, the tailored ring was hitched up to totally cover proximal anastomosis and prevent direct contact between aorto-prosthetic anastomosis and the bowel.

Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal↗
PubMed2001

Laparoscopic hernia repair in 2000. Update of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) Consensus Conference in Madrid, June 1994.

The 1994 meeting of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (E.A.E.S.) in Madrid highlighted a consensus-developing conference on the then new laparoscopic procedure for hernia repair. The conference was chaired by A. Paul from Cologne, Germany, and A. Fingerhut, from Poissy, France. The other members of the jury were B. Millat (France), L. Nyhus (USA), J. Himpens (Belgium), J.-L. Dulucq (France), V. Schumpelick (Germany), E. Laporte Rosello (Spain), C. Klaiber (Switzerland), J. Mouiel (France), P. Go (Netherlands), and J.-H. Alexandre (France). At that time, there were, in all, only three randomized trials available for analysis. Today, there are more than 60 trials and more than 12,500 patients have been entered into them. An update, presented this year in Vienna, is summarized herein.

Evidence-Based Medicine↗
PubMed2001

The European Association for Endoscopic Surgery clinical practice guideline on the pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic surgery.

BACKGROUND: The pneumoperitoneum is the crucial element in laparoscopic surgery. Different clinical problems are associated with this procedure, which has led to various modifications of the technique. The aim of this guideline is to define the scientifically proven standards of the pneumoperitoneum. METHODS: Based on systematic literature searches (Medline, Embase, and Cochrane), an expert panel consensually formulated clinical recommendations, which were graded according to the strength of available literature evidence. RECOMMENDATIONS: Preoperatively, all patients should be assessed for the presence of cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, renal, or vascular comorbidity. Presupposing appropriate perioperative measures and surgical technique, there is no reason to contraindicate pneumoperitoneum in patients with peritonitis or intraabdominal malignancy. During laparoscopy, monitoring of end tidal CO2 concentration is mandatory. The available data on closed- (Veress needle) and open-access techniques do not allow us to principally favor the use of either technique. Using 2 to 5-mm instead of 5 to 10-mm trocars improves cosmetic result and postoperative pain marginally. It is recommended to use the lowest intraabdominal pressure allowing adequate exposure of the operative field, rather than using a routine pressure. In patients with limited cardiac, pulmonary, or renal function, abdominal wall lifting combined with low-pressure pneumoperitoneum might be an alternative. Abdominal wall lifting devices have no clinically relevant advantages compared to low-pressure (5-7 mmHg) pneumoperitoneum. In patients with cardiopulmonary diseases, intra- and postoperative arterial blood gas monitoring is recommended. The clinical benefits of warmed, humidified insufflation gas are minor and contradictory. Intraoperative sequential intermittent pneumatic compression of the lower extremities is recommended for all prolonged laparoscopic procedures. For the prevention of postoperative pain a wide range of treatment options exists. Although all these options seem to reduce pain, the data currently do not justify a general recommendation.

Contraindications↗
PubMed2001

Lavage by laparoscopy fares better than lavage by laparotomy: experimental evidence.

BACKGROUND: Although carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum is proposed increasingly for treatment of secondary peritonitis, associated deleterious effects have been reported in experimental models, with the hypothesis that increased intraperitoneal pressure might facilitate bacterial translocation. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome (and qualitative microbiologic analysis) from peritonitis in rats after lavage by laparoscopy with the outcome after lavage by laparotomy. METHODS: After determination of the standard innoculum for this study in 30 animals, 120 male Wistar rats received 1 ml of Escherichi coli 10(6) colony-forming unit (CFU), Bacteroides fragilis 10(7) CFU, Enterococcus faecalis 10(7) CFU in a sterile rat feces-barium sulfate suspension adjuvant, were anesthetized with intramuscular ketamine, and then underwent peritoneal lavage by either laparotomy (n = 60) or laparoscopy (n = 60). The duration of peritonitis defined two groups: group A: duration less than 3 h (n = 20) and group B: duration 3 h or more (n = 40). Both groups underwent successive lavage with 10-ml aliquots (total, 50 ml) of 0.9% saline solution at 37 degrees C. Five 2-ml samples of liquid lavage were drawn for culture and microbiologic analysis. Blood (0.2 ml) and peritoneal liquid lavage samples were incubated 48 h at 37 degrees C and cultured. RESULTS: All the animals survived. Mean duration of peritoneal lavage was 13.2 min (range, 6-25 min) for laparoscopy and 9.7 min (range, 6-15 min) and for laparotomy. The difference was not statistically significant. The mean duration of operation was significantly longer with laparoscopy than with laparotomy: 44.5 min (range, 35-62 min) and 25 min (range, 16-40 min), respectively (p = 0.0001). The collected lavage volumes were not statistically different: 48.5 ml (range, 40-54 ml) and 46.7 ml (range, 37-56 ml), respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between the laparoscopy and laparotomy groups in terms of E. coli bacteremia, irrespective of peritonitis duration. The rates of positive blood culture for B. fragilis and E. faecalis were signficantly lower after laparoscopy than after laparotomy, both in the overall group (p = 0.025 and p = 0.045, respectively) and when duration of peritonitis exceeded 3 h (p = 0.001 and p = 0.044, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In this animal model of secondary peritonitis, lavage by laparoscopy was associated with less bacteremia for B. fragilis and E. faecalis than peritoneal lavage by laparotomy.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Quality assurance program for postoperative pain management: impact of the Consensus Conference of the French Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of a pain management quality assurance program (PQAP) after abdominal surgery. The means used were mainly based on the French Society of anaesthesiology's pain management guidelines. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective evaluation using a before after study design: two audits among surgical patients: a first one in 1997 before implementation of PQAP, and a second one year later. PATIENTS AND METHODS: First, standards were defined including objectives about pain relief and patient satisfaction. After analysis of discrepancy observed between these objectives and the data of the first audit, a pain management program was introduced that included education of physicians, nurses and patients, systematic assessment of pain, organized pain relief protocols and implementation of modern analgesic technologies. RESULTS: 201 consecutive inpatients were evaluated in the first audit, and 117 in the second one. Comparing the second audit with baseline, the visual analog pain scores decreased during the five postoperative days, and the rate of very satisfied patients increased (36% versus 26%). 43% of the patients were given a regular analgesic medication in 1998 versus 15% in 1997. 65% of medications were administered with an effective interval between doses versus 47% in 1997. Patient-controlled techniques were used in 28% of the cases in 1998 versus 9% in 1997. CONCLUSION: The PQAP provided an improvement in efficacy of postoperative pain management in our unit, with the help of the overall ward staff, but without requiring personnel specially qualified.

Analgesia↗
PubMed2001

[Follow-up of patients with colorectal cancer resected for cure in the Herault area. A medico-economical study].

UNLABELLED: Optimal modalities of surveillance of colorectal cancers (CRC) resected for cure have not been determined so far and the overall improvement of 5-year survival related to surveillance has not been demonstrated. AIM OF THE STUDY: To retrospectively evaluate modalities, results and costs of follow-up of patients during the 5 years following the resection for cure of CRC. METHODS: We studied medical and economical data from records of 256 patients registered in the cancer registry of the Herault area who underwent a potentially curative resection of CRC in 1992. We analyzed comparatively modalities of follow-up in patients who were followed according to recommendations from the 1998 French consensus conference (standard follow-up) and in those who had a simplified follow-up. We evaluated cumulative costs of follow-up. RESULTS: Nine patients died in the postoperative period. Recurrence rate was 27% (69 patients). Sixty-nine patients had a standard follow-up (30% of the 231 classified patients) and 162 patients (70%) had a simplified follow-up. The specific survival rate (taking into account only death related to CRC) 5 years after resection for cure was 75%. The 5-year specific survival rate after diagnosis of recurrence was 12% in the patients with recurrent disease within the 5 years after initial therapy. The 5-year survival rate after standard and simplified follow-up were 85% and 79%, respectively (P=0.25). Total cost of follow-up of the 256 patients was 1 085 507 French francs (FF). Mean follow-up cost per patient was 5 527 FF. Cost of the examinations not recommended by the consensus conference represented 30% of the expenses. Individual total cost of the follow-up of patients alive 5 years after the diagnosis of the recurrence was 120 356 FF. CONCLUSION: In Herault area, clinicians carried out in 70% of the patients a simplified follow-up and in 30% of the cases a reinforced follow-up in comparison with French recommendations. Survival rates were not significantly different between the 2 groups.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Common bile duct stones and their complications].

At the time of cholecystectomy for symptomatic cholelithiasis, 7-20% of patients have common bile duct stones. Nearly one third of them are asymptomatic. Routine cholangiography during cholecystectomy allows the diagnosis and treatment of common bile duct stones during the same operation. Selective indication for the diagnosis of common bile duct stones based on the positive predictive value of indicators limits treatment to symptomatic cases. No single indicator is however completely accurate in predicting common bile duct stones and the natural history of asymptomatic cases is uncertain. Endoscopic stone extraction preceding cholecystectomy is not superior to one-stage surgical treatment. Diagnosis and treatment of common bile duct stones are feasible laparoscopically. Complications of common bile duct stones are cholangitis and acute pancreatitis; if severe, they require specific therapeutic approaches.

Cholangitis↗
PubMed2000

Lymphatic involvement in early gastric cancer: prevalence and prognosis in France.

BACKGROUND: The prognosis of early gastric cancer (EGC) is considered better than that of invasive gastric carcinoma, with a 5-year survival rate of more than 90% after surgery. The prevalence of lymph node metastasis in EGC ranges from 8% to 20% and is associated with a poor prognosis. HYPOTHESIS: The main prognostic factor of EGC in patients in France is lymphatic involvement. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: From January 1979 to December 1988, 332 patients with EGC were operated on in 23 centers of 2 of the French Associations for Surgical Research. Clinical, pathological, and therapeutic data were reviewed, and the reckoning point was in June 1996. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The cumulative 5- and 7-year specific survival rates of EGC with or without lymphatic involvement. RESULTS: The cumulative 5- and 7-year specific survival rates of 332 patients with EGC (mean follow-up time, 80 months), excluding both operative and unrelated mortality, were 92% and 87.5%, respectively. Thirty-four patients (10.2%) had metastatic lymphatic spread: 13 exclusively in the lymphatic vessels close to the tumor, 17 in at least 1 lymph node, and 4 in both the lymphatic vessels and nodes. The rate of lymph node involvement (regardless of lymphatic vessel involvement) correlated significantly with submucosal invasion (P =. 05) and histologic undifferentiation (P =.03). Lymphatic vessel involvement correlated positively with lymph node involvement (P =. 003). Since 5- and 7-year survival rates of the 13 patients with EGC who had lymphatic vessel involvement without lymph node involvement did not differ significantly from those of patients who had EGC with lymph node involvement (85% and 84% vs 72% and 63%, respectively [P =.42]), all patients with lymph node and/or lymphatic vessel involvement were considered unique. Prognosis was poorest in these patients according to both univariate analysis (94% for 298 without node or vessel involvement vs 78% for 34 with node and/or vessel involvement; P =.006) and multivariate analysis (P =.01). Submucosal invasion was a prognostic factor independent of lymphatic involvement (P =.05). Five- and 7-year survival rates did not differ when the group of 211 patients for whom less than 15 lymph nodes were retrieved were compared with those (n = 51) for whom 15 or more lymph nodes were retrieved (95.5% vs 92% and 95.5% vs 88%, respectively), whether according to univariate (P =.21) or multivariate (P =.31) analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that both lymph node and lymphatic vessel involvement are important prognostic factors in patients with EGC. Lymphadenectomy in EGC is important to identify the high-risk population for whom prognosis is worse. The extent of lymphadenectomy (at least 15 nodes) in these patients, however, does not alter prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Surgical treatment of complicated duodenal ulcers: controlled trials.

Indications for surgery of duodenal ulcer (DU) have changed radically because of the efficacy of H(2)-antagonists, endoscopic procedures, and eradication of Helicobacter pylorus. The aim of this study was to analyze the current literature to determine if definitive surgery is still relevant for complicated DU (bleeding, perforation, gastric outlet obstruction). Two studies have compared early to late surgery in terms of bleeding. One recommended early surgery (significant reduction in mortality) in the elderly, but no statistically significant difference was found when analyzed with "intention to treat." In the other, mortality with early surgery was five times higher than with expectant therapy (when it was possible). Two studies comparing different surgical techniques for bleeding favored the radical procedure. Of at least 15 studies comparing endoscopic treatments, however, none has compared endoscopic therapy to surgical intervention for bleeding DU. One trial, comparing nonoperative to surgical treatment for perforation, found similar rates of morbidity, intraabdominal abscess, and mortality; but the hospital stay was longer (p < 0.001). Nonoperative treatment failed more often (p < 0.05) in patients over age 70. In three trials, postoperative morbidity (excepting wound sepsis in one) was not significantly increased by definitive surgery, with less ulcer recurrence (p < 0.05) compared with simple closure. Laparoscopy (versus laparotomy) was shown to take longer (p < 0.001) but required less postoperative analgesics (p < 0.03); there were no statistically significant differences as concerns the duration of nasogastric aspiration, intravenous drips, hospital stay, time to resume normal diet, Visual Analogous Scale pain scores for the first 24 hours after surgery, morbidity, reoperation rate, or mortality. Of 48 laparoscopic patients, 11 (23%) underwent conversion to open surgery. Three surgical techniques [highly selective vagotomy (HSU) + gastrojejunostomy (group 1), HSV + Jaboulay gastroduodenostomy (group 2), or selective vagotomy (group 3) + antrectomy) for gastric outlet obstruction (GOO)] showed that although postoperative results were similar (except wound sepsis in one trial), long-term Visick scores were significantly (p < 0.01) better in group 1 than in group 2, but not in group 3. Further studies are needed to determine the exact prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in complicated DU and to compare (1) definitive to minimal surgery (stop the bleeding or close the perforation) combined with antisecretory drugs and eradication of H. pylori; (2) surgery to endoscopic treatment combined with eradication of H. pylori; and (3) for GOO, surgery to balloon dilatation combined with eradication of H. pylori.

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed2000

Comparison of intravenous or epidural patient-controlled analgesia in the elderly after major abdominal surgery.

BACKGROUND: Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) with intravenous morphine and patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA), using an opioid either alone or in combination with a local anesthetic, are two major advances in the management of pain after major surgery. However, these techniques have been evaluated poorly in elderly people. This prospective, randomized study compared the effectiveness on postoperative pain and safety of PCEA and PCA after major abdominal surgery in the elderly patient. METHODS: Seventy patients older than 70 yr of age and undergoing major abdominal surgery were assigned randomly to receive either combined epidural analgesia and general anesthesia followed by postoperative PCEA, using a mixture of 0.125% bupivacaine and sufentanil (PCEA group), or general anesthesia followed by PCA with intravenous morphine (PCA group). Pain intensity was tested three times daily using a visual analog scale. Postoperative evaluation included mental status, cardiorespiratory and gastrointestinal functions, and patient satisfaction scores. RESULTS: Pain relief was better at rest (P = 0.001) and after coughing (P = 0.002) in the PCEA group during the 5 postoperative days. Satisfaction scores were better in the PCEA group. Although incidence of delirium was comparable in the PCA and PCEA groups (24% vs. 26%, respectively), mental status was improved on the fourth and fifth postoperative days in the PCEA group. The PCEA group recovered bowel function more quickly than did the PCA group. Cardiopulmonary complications were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSION: After major abdominal surgery in the elderly patient, patient-controlled analgesia, regardless of the route (epidural or parenteral), is effective. The epidural route using local anesthetics and an opioid provides better pain relief and improves mental status and bowel activity.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2000

[Spleen trauma].

The spleen is the intraabdominal organ the most often injured in case of blunt abdominal trauma. Cases of fulminant infection after splenectomy, both in children and in adults, point to the importance of developing a conservative approach to spleen trauma: abstention from surgery, conservative surgery. Total splenectomy does have its indications resulting either from the general condition of the injured patient, or peroperative observations. Approximately 30% of patients operated for spleen trauma undergo total splenectomy. Over the last 10 years, the proportion of conservative surgery cases has declined as abstention is increasingly favored, being adopted in 50 to 70% of cases with a success rate of at least 90%. Currently two initial criteria and one evolution criteria guide the decision to abstain from surgery: hemodynamic stability and absence of another intraabdominal lesion requiring laparotomy; and limit number of packed red cell units transfused. The decision to abstain from surgery implies very rigorous clinical monitoring. Imaging protocols vary. Computed tomography signs predictive of recurrent bleeding and the development of arteriography techniques with embolization may further raise the rate of success after abstention from surgery.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed2000

Prospective trials in laparoscopic bile duct exploration.

Laparoscopic exploration of the common bile duct (CBD) is performed either for the diagnosis or the treatment of CBD stones. Laparoscopic intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) versus ultrasonography (LUS) and laparoscopic versus endoscopic extraction of CBD stones were compared through a review of the prospective, comparative studies, randomized or not, evaluating these different techniques. Cystic duct cholangiography and fluoroscopic imaging are the standards for IOC. The potential protective effect of IOC regarding the risk or severity of CBD injuries might be the major argument for a routine use of laparoscopic IOC. Most if not all the purported advantages of LUS versus IOC for the diagnosis of CBD stones remain to be proven. Laparoscopic intraoperative diagnosis of CBD stones by cholangiography or ultrasonography followed by the laparoscopic extraction or, in case of failure, by postoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy, might represent the future for the diagnosis and treatment of CBD stones.

Cholangiography↗