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Biomedical subjects

B McNicholl

Publications and source records attributed to B McNicholl.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Intestinal lactase, sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase in 373 patients with coeliac disease.

Lactase, sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were measured in 833 peroral small intestinal biopsies from 373 patients with coeliac disease. Enzyme activities decreased with increasing degrees of mucosal damage. Enzyme activities in mucosae of patients with coeliac disease in remission were lower than in control groups matched for age, sex, and site of biopsy. Enzyme activities were measured in 81 patients when the mucosa was severely damaged and later when considerable improvement had occurred. Lactase activity remained low in 13% of patients under the age of 18 and in 33% of those over 18 years. Sucrase activity usually improved with histological recovery, but alkaline phosphatase activity tended to remain depressed in patients in whom lactase activity failed to improve.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Hyposplenism and gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Natural history, incidence, and relationship to diet and small bowel morphology.

Splenic function was quantitatively assessed using "pitted" erythrocyte counts in 177 patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Hyposplenism was found to be a common, but not inevitable, complication of gluten-sensitive enteropathy that fluctuated with disease activity. Splenic function improved after withdrawal of gluten from the diet and a close relationship was demonstrated between hyposplenism and the morphology of the small intestine. The severity of the hyposplenism increased with advancing age and prolongation of exposure to dietary gluten. Splenic function did not vary with the HLA-A, -B, and -DR antigens, but, due to the presence of HLA-B8 and -DR3 in the vast majority of patients, a role for this haplotype in the causation of the hyposplenism cannot be excluded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Family and population studies of HLA and coeliac disease in the West of Ireland.

Tissue typing (HLA-A, -B and -DR) was carried out on 92 patients with coeliac disease (CD) and on a further 71 first degree relatives of 13 of these patients. Results of antigen frequencies in unrelated patients and segregation analysis in families shows that HLA-DR3 but not HLA-DR7 is positively associated with CD. Haplotype and sib-pair data from these coeliac families suggest that with all of them, genetic susceptibility to CD lies in the HLA region of the sixth chromosome. In families where the coeliac proband has HLA-DR3, the relative risk to siblings who also have this antigen is increased 35 times.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed1983

Expiration induced femoral flow in neonatal coarctation of aorta.

In a 3 day old infant with coarctation of the aorta a loud Doppler signal synchronous with expiration was present for some hours in the femoral vessels, with only barely audible signals synchronous with cardiac systole. It is suggested that in the presence of severe aortic constriction and temporary ductal closure, blood was pumped through the infradiaphragmatic arteries by increased intrathoracic expiratory pressure.

Aortic Coarctation↗
PubMed1981

Early or pre-coeliac mucosa: development of gluten enteropathy.

Duodenal mucosa showed normal morphology, interepithelial lymphocytes, alkaline phosphatase, and sucrase in a girl with growth retardation and iron deficiency, but normal absorption of lactose and xylose after two years of abnormal stools. Mucosal lactase was low. Fourteen months later mucosal damage consistent with coeliac disease was evident, and gluten intolerance was subsequently confirmed by gluten challenge. It is probable that, in some children, the mucosal lesion occurs very gradually, so that at an early stage with normal morphology, suppression of lactase activity and possibly interference with iron absorption may be the only abnormalities.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1980

Giardiasis in infancy diarrhoea.

Of 435 infants with diarrhoea aged under one year, 6% were found to have Giardia lamblia; the incidence ranged from 3% housed infants to 12% in itinerant infants. All infants had duodenal fluid and faeces examined. Infants under 12 weeks may experience severe diarrhoea in association with infection by this parasite, but seem more likely to respond to metronidazole than older infants.

Diarrhea, Infantile↗
PubMed1980

The lymphocyte transformation test in coeliac disease: effect of gliadin and detoxified gliadin.

Following in vitro stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin, lymphocytes from coeliac patients transformed less than those from control subjects. Neither gliadin nor detoxified gliadin stimulated lymphocyte transformation in patients with adult coeliac disease, but depressed transformation in lymphocytes from normal subjects and from patients on a gluten-free diet.

Antigen-Antibody Reactions↗
PubMed1979

Variability of gluten intolerance in treated childhood coeliac disease.

Fifty children consecutively attending a clinic for coeliac disease co-operated in a trial; 10 found to have flat mucosa were excluded. Forty children of mean age 9.8 years, whose duodenal or jejunal mucosa had returned to normal or near normal appearance after a mean of 5.8 years on gluten-free diets, were put back on normal diets. In 37, mucosal occurred in a mean of 16.9 months (four to 74 months). Four of the 37 had serial biopsies, in which mucosal enzymes (particularly lactase) fell and interepithelial lymphocyte counts rose before the mucosal morphology was regarded as definitely 'coeliac'. Three children had normal mucosal appearance after 58 to 73 months on normal diets, one of whom showed temporary mucosal abnormalities, another having occasionally low enzymes, in both suggesting underlying gluten sensitivity. Lactase suppression and raised IEL counts appear to be sensitive indicators of gluten intolerance. In our experience, a diagnosis of coeliac disease based on severe mucosal damage and a satisfactory response to a gluten-free but milk-containing diet implies a very strong likelihood of permanent or prolonged gluten intolerance, but with a striking variability in its expression.

Adolescent↗