Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to B Maspfuhl.
In this survey the sexuologic relevant research trends and recent items of discussion have been listed up. Regarding to sexual medical research endeavour there are special references to the problems of methodology. Concluding new concepts of sexual therapy are mentioned.
Besides well-known organic reasons also a psychogenic participation in the symptom complex of an imminent abortion respectively an imminent preterm delivery has to be taken into consideration. In this study 15 pregnant women with an imminent abortion respectively an imminent preterm delivery had been investigated by the help of an anamnestic data questionnaire and different psychometric tests. This group had been opposed with a group of 91 women with an uncomplicated course of their pregnancy to disclose expected differences with regard to their personality profile, variables of their partnership and their adjustment, their experienced ancieties and anamnestic data, which shall be of importance for the outcome of the clinical symptoms. The results of this investigation show that among different psychogenic factors it is an asthenic personality profile coupled with neurotical and paranoid assimilation which reduces the psychic capacity of these pregnant women to cope with the adaptation processes of their occurred pregnancy and acuses the outcome of the clinical symptom complex of pretern labour.
Under psychosomatic aspects pregnancy complications are the result of an insufficient adaptation of a women with regard to an occurred pregnancy. This paper investigates, if there are existing differences between women with an uncomplicated course of pregnancy (n = 91) and those whose pregnancy resulted in complications and a higher risk for the delivery with regard to their personality profile, variables of their partnership and their adjustment, anxieties concerning the delivery and anamnestic datas. The results of this investigation show, that the reasons for disturbances of the adaptation processes of pregnancy are primarily based on the personality structure of the pregnant women.
In an attempt to investigate correlations between sexuality and urinary incontinence (UI), fifty-one women with stress incontinence (18), urge incontinence (12), or combined stress/urge incontinence (21) were interviewed on their sexual behaviours, prior to and after development of UI. The results were compared with data on the average female population in the GDR. Women with subsequent UI were found to have perceived cohabitarche as extremely beautiful or disgusting or anorgastic with significantly higher frequency, as compared to the general female population. The average number of sexual partners and frequency of cohabitations had been higher with women in whom UI was to develop later on. Their sexual behaviours did not come closer to those of the general female population until UI was growing manifest. While marital problems were quoted as causes of UI by 39 per cent of the interviewers, only 14 per cent gave a negative assessment of their present partnerships. Reduced sexual relationships were often (47 per cent) offset by vicarious sexual activities. These women were more often than others suspected of trying to find a pretext for evading sexual intercourse on grounds of marital problems. Yet, one third of women with UI said that during orgasm they would strongly press downward, which might result in additional strain on the pelvic floor. In other words, sexual disorders and UI appeared to favour each other. Hence, psychosomatic and sexological investigations on interhuman relations should be adopted as part of comprehensive therapeutic planning to cope with urinary incontinence.
A program of preparation for childbirth tested at present by the author is demonstrated, and some results of an investigation about anxieties for labour are pointed out. The program of preparation for childbirth is oriented on behavioural and learning-theoretical principles and contains the following elements: information on pregnancy and labour, functions and effects of pains in labour and the influence of anxiety to muscle tension, vasoconstriction and pain as well as a good knowledge of hospital; relaxation training, breathing exercises and anxiety management techniques as well as self-control strategies.
Subjective relevance of 26 different conditions of family planning was measured by means of Thurstone's indirect rating method of couple comparison. A population of 560 interviews had been subdivided by conditions of reproduction, that is desire for children, no desire, and not pregnant. Marital status was an additional criterion for subdivision. The following conclusions were drawn: - The rating given by all groups of probands to health and partnership factors was higher and thus more relevant to decision-making in family planning than that given to age, parity, and depending on marital status, was found to undergo variation which was more intensive than any assessment of socio-economic conditions. Reference is made to resulting conclusions of relevance to society.
Configurational frequency analysis according to Krauth and Lienert is a multivariant no-parameter statistical test method by which to identify types and syndromes. It was used in an attempt to disclose combinations of symptoms by which the various forms of functional urinary incontinence of women could be systematised by types. Efforts were made with particular reference to psychological symptoms, COG findings, and frequency of micturitional urge. The point is made that outcome of this study should be evaluated in terms of heuristics, with further studies being necessary.
A group of 630 probands was selected by random sampling and exposed to variance analysis to find out the extent to which extraversion and neuroticism as well as attitudes towards sexuality and gravidity depended on several conditions, such as desired pregnancy, undesired pregnancy, and no pregnancy, and on several demographic parameters, such as age, number of children, marital status, and occupational skills. The results were likely to suggest super-accidental correlations between condition and attitude towards pregnancy, age and extraversion (correlated also with condition), scare of childbirth as well as attitude towards pregnancy and sexuality, occupational skills and neuroticism, timidity as well as attitude towards sexuality and gravidity, marital status and neuroticism as well as scare of childbirth, and, finally, between number of children and scare of childbirth as well as attitude towards sexuality. Practice-related consequences are discussed.
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An approach to measuring attitudes towards pregnancy (S-S-G by Lukesch and Lukesch, 1976) is described in this paper together with preliminary results so far obtained from random samples in the GDR. Findings have suggested an obvious need for adjusting the Normal Category to GDR conditions. Attitudes taken during pregnancy also were found to depend more strongly on whether the given pregnancy had been planned or not. Differences between attitudes towards pregnancy were quite clearly associated also with the education factor and resulting occupational status.
Psychometric personality questionnaires were used to test 100 patients with symptoms of urinary incontinence. The following findings were recorded: Accumulation with significance of increased psychasthenic values in patients with normal urogynaecological status was higher than that recordable from patients in pathological conditions. The group of patients with mere stress incontinence differed from the group with urge or combined urge-stress incontinence by statistically secured differentiated between means values recordable from neurosis-relevant, test scales, including psychosomatic disorders, depression, neuroticism, social introversion, and phobic disorders. Reference is made to psychogenic factors and their role within a set of multifactorial conditions conducive to functional urinary incontinence of women. Consequences regarding diagnosis and therapy are discussed.
The purpose of this investigation was to test the method of Comparative Judgement in connection with the question, which conditions are relevant, if a woman want to give birth to a child. 31 pregnant woman, who intend to get interrupted their pregnancies had to decide by pairs about conditions which relate to health, age, parity, education, calling resp. profession, situation of dwelling and income and to personal or confessional questions. On the basis of the Law of Comparative Judgement (Thurstone 1937) we constructed an interval scale about these conditions.
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