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Biomedical subjects

B Marti

Publications and source records attributed to B Marti.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Body weight and risk of myocardial infarction and death in the adult population of eastern Finland.

Body mass index (weight (kg) divided by height squared (m2] and its association with the risk of myocardial infarction and death from all causes were studied prospectively in a randomly selected population sample in eastern Finland aged 30-59 at outset in 1972. The study population consisted of 3786 men and 4120 women. The participation rate in the survey in 1972 was over 90%. All deaths and admissions to hospital in the sample were obtained from the National Death Certificate and Hospital Discharge Registers. During the seven years of follow up until 1978, 170 men and 52 women had acute myocardial infarction, and during the nine years up to 1980, 223 men and 92 women died. Independent of age, men with a body mass index of 28.5 or more had a significantly higher incidence of acute myocardial infarction. This effect was also independent of smoking but not independent of biological coronary risk factors--that is, serum cholesterol concentration and blood pressure. In the analysis stratified for smoking in men the body mass index total mortality curve was J shaped among non-smokers, whereas smoking entirely outweighed body mass index as a predictor of death. Body mass index did not contribute significantly to the risk of either acute myocardial infarction or death in women. It is concluded that a body mass index of around 29.0-31.0 or more is not only a marker for coronary risk factors but is also a predictor of acute myocardial infarction in men.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Benefits and risks of physical activity from the epidemiological point of view].

The recent epidemiological literature on the health effects of physical activity is reviewed. Habitual physical activity is inversely associated with the risk of lethal and nonlethal myocardial infarction in men, in spite of a transient increase in the risk of sudden death during vigorous activity. Several mechanisms could explain this likely though unproved protective effect of regular exercise on coronary heart disease: lipoprotein pattern, functional cardiac capacity, glucose tolerance, and (presumably) hemostasis and catecholamines are favourably affected by vigorous physical activity, which is also inversely related to obesity and smoking. On the other hand, sports seems to be related in a linear way to musculoskeletal morbidity, especially in men. This negative though poorly documented side effect of physical activity renders preventive recommendations more difficult, but it should be kept in mind alongside the suggested cardiovascular benefits of exercise.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1987

Reduction of premature mortality by high physical activity: a 20-year follow-up of middle-aged Finnish men.

The association of physical activity level with the risk of death was analysed for a cohort of 636 healthy Finnish men aged 45-64 years followed up for 20 years. 39% of the cohort were classed as highly active physically at baseline in 1964. Up to 1984 there were 287 deaths, 106 of them due to coronary heart disease (CHD). During the first-two thirds of the follow-up, men with high physical activity had a lower risk of death than did men with low physical activity. During the last third, the survival curves of the men with high and low physical activity gradually converged. Of the men who died, those with high physical activity lived 2.1 years longer (p = 0.002) than those with low physical activity, after adjustment for age, smoking, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and body mass index. This difference was due mainly to fewer CHD deaths among the highly active group. Low physical activity was clearly weaker than smoking as a predictor of risk of death. High physical activity may thus independently prevent premature death among middle-aged men, but it probably does not prolong the maximum achievable life-span.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Leisure-time physical activity is inversely related to risk factors for coronary heart disease in middle-aged Finnish men.

Coronary risk factors and levels of physical activity at leisure were measured in a random sample of 3975 men 25-64 years of age residing in four areas of Finland. An index of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) as the product of weekly exercise sessions times their usual intensity (expressed as metabolic equivalents) was computed. It showed a graded, inverse association with mean arterial blood pressure, smoking and serum thiocyanate, coronary heart disease risk estimate (combining blood pressure, total cholesterol and smoking), and a nonlinear favorable association with serum lipoproteins. In multiple regression analysis, LTPA contributed significantly and independently to the variation in mean arterial pressure; the standardized regression coefficients were -0.06 for LTPA, 0.09 for weekly alcohol consumption, 0.25 for body mass index, 0.25 for age. In the regression of coronary risk estimate, the standardized regression coefficients were -0.19 for LTPA, 0.22 for weekly alcohol consumption, 0.09 for body mass index, 0.15 for age. There was no evidence that LTPA above 2000 kcal of weekly energy expenditure was associated with further reduced coronary risk factor levels. These findings thus support the inverse direction of the association between exercise and coronary risk factors but they also point towards an independent, but modest, role of leisure-time physical activity as a determinant of coronary risk estimate and blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Relationship between leisure-time physical activity and risk factors for coronary heart disease in middle-aged Finnish women.

Risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) and levels of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) were measured in a random sample of 4,059 women aged 25-64 years, residing in four areas of Finland. LTPA indexed as the product of weekly exercise sessions X their usual intensity showed an inverse association with smoking (p = 0.02) and with CHD risk estimate which combines the three main risk factors, smoking, serum cholesterol and blood pressure (p = 0.06), and a positive association with HDL cholesterol (p = 0.002). It was not associated with mean arterial pressure and serum total cholesterol. In a multiple regression analysis LTPA contributed independently, though modestly, to the model for CHD risk estimate. Age and body mass index were the most important independent predictors of both mean arterial pressure and CHD risk estimate. It is concluded that in middle-aged Finnish women, unlike men of the same population, high LTPA is only weakly related to lower CHD risk factor levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Determinants of physician visit rates among joggers: multivariate analysis of 4000 participants in a popular race.

In a large sample of joggers, endurance capacity was inversely, but weekly mileage, competitive training motive, and female gender were positively and independently related to use of ambulatory care. Despite the significance of regression models, sports activity and psychological characteristics of the joggers explained only a modest part of their low overall physician visit rates.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1986

[Epidemiology of running-induced complaints of joggers. Berne runner study '84].

In a sample of 4358 male joggers (= 76.1% of the participants in a popular 16 km race in Berne 1984) 45.8% of joggers sustained running-related injuries during a one year period. 14.2% sought medical help and 2.3% missed work because of jogging injuries. The most important factor in running-related injuries is (average) weekly mileage. Joggers see the doctor less often than the reference population, although this difference cannot be attributed directly to jogging. Increasing mileage is associated with more frequent visits to the doctor, and this increased frequency of medical consultations is due entirely to jogging-related injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Jogging is accompanied by low absenteeism (the Berne runner study '84)].

4358 male runners over age 16, competitors of the 16 km race 'Grand-prix of Berne' 1984, represent the study population of a cross-sectional survey. As a part of it, relationships between jogging and absenteeism were investigated. 16 km running time was positively associated with the number of missed work days (p less than 0.001); training activity (kilometers run per week, one-year's average) and absenteeism were related in an inverse way, but only up to a training distance of not more than 50 km/wk. Runners who smoked cigarettes missed over 50% more work days than nonsmokers (p less than 0.001). The relative importance of the motive for jogging 'as a balance to work' was associated with decreased absenteeism (p less than 0.001), whereas relative importance of competition-orientated motives was associated with increased absenteeism (p less than 0.001). A multiple regression analysis involving 8 factors was not able to explain more than 11% of the observed variance in missed work days, which underlines the complexity of this dependent variable. The question concerning a possible causal relationship between active, regular, moderate jogging and reduced absenteeism remains unanswered.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1984

[Bernese runner study '84--methodology, response rate and comparison between respondents and nonrespondents].

Over 7000 joggers (competitors of a 10 miles-road-run were studied by questionnaire. The response-rate of 83,6% (76,1% after reviewing) was probably due to the far-going integration of the survey in the running-event. The respondents were significantly older and (after age correction) faster runners than the non-respondents. No significant differences in response-rate could be found between men and women and between French and German speaking joggers.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Ergonomics and occupational safety].

This publication stresses the emphasis given to the ergonomic aspects in humanization of work and in the promotion of occupational health and safety. Based on the definition of terms and the ergonomic goals, the author briefly explains the methods of the organization of work. Finally it is shown that ergonomy has to serve not only to find solutions which suit best the humanization of work but also to optimize the efforts in occupational health and safety.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1981

[Promotion of occupational safety at work].

The need for a systematic and efficient improvement in work safety is put forward in terms of data concerning accidents and their economic consequences in Switzerland, as well as their ethical and social accompaniments. The immediate causes of accidents are either unsafe conditions or unsafe behaviour. It is shown that these can be avoided by technical organizational and behavioural measures. Preventive methods to identify dangers in places of work are described. It is stressed, that improvement of work safety is an integral part of the aim of production and that the employer must act accordingly.

Accidents, Occupational↗