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Biomedical subjects

B Marsh

Publications and source records attributed to B Marsh.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Transbronchial lung biopsy in pediatric and adolescent patients.

Since data are unavailable on the role of transbronchial lung biopsy (TBB) in pediatric and adolescent patients, we reviewed our two-year experience in 12 patients (median age, 14.5 years). In all 12, the indication for TBB was a persistently abnormal chest roentgenogram (nine with multilobar infiltrates, two with unilateral infiltrates, and one with a cavitary lesion). Overall, a specific diagnosis was made by TBB in six patients, including three patients with sarcoidosis, one with lymphoma, and two with eosinophilic granuloma. In three additional patients, nonspecific histologic findings on TBB combined with clinical findings, roentgenographic patterns, and supplemental laboratory data helped support a diagnosis. Although the need for general anesthesia and the small size of the biopsy specimens may limit the usefulness of TBB in most pediatric patients, TBB may be a useful alternative in carefully selected patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Isolation of genomic clones homologous to transcribed sequences from human X chromosome.

Several X chromosome DNA clones homologous to transcribed sequences were isolated from a human X chromosome library. The clones were selected for their ability to hybridize either with 32P-labeled human cDNA in the presence of an excess of unlabeled human repetitive DNA or with mouse fibroblast cDNA. The X chromosome specificity of these sequences was demonstrated by two criteria: A dosage effect was seen when the clones were hybridized to Southern blots of DNA from 1X and 5X cells, and they hybridized to DNA from mouse-human hybrid cells containing only the human X chromosome. The presence of transcribed sequences in these X clones was detected by hybridization with mouse cDNA or with human cDNA in the presence of unlabeled human repetitive sequences, by identifying restriction fragments which hybridize with cDNA but not with human repetitive DNA, and by hybridization with poly A+ RNA on Northern blots. These clones were mapped on the human X chromosomes using a panel of mouse-human somatic cell hybrids carrying various translocated human X chromosomes.

Cloning, Molecular↗
PubMed1983

Indications for flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in pediatric patients.

Although the availability of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) has been a major advance in adult pulmonary medicine, the role of FFB in pediatrics has remained less well defined. Therefore, a two-year retrospective study was undertaken to determine the indications for FFB in 95 pediatric patients (mean age, 6.9 years) who underwent 129 FFB procedures. Indications for FFB included stridor (41/129), abnormal chest roentgenogram (38/129), airway evaluation in patients with tracheostomy (13/129), airway obstruction (11/129), hoarseness (9/129), recurrent pneumonia (7/129), chronic cough (4/129), failed extubation (3/129), tracheal injury (2/129), and hemoptysis (1/129). Overall, a specific diagnosis was made in 88% of cases, of which 48% involved a lower airway disorder. A minor complication rate of 2% was observed with no major complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Cerebroside sulfatase activator deficiency induced metachromatic leukodystrophy.

Two siblings of consanguineous parents had presented with a variety of findings indicative of juvenile metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD). However, instead of the expected profound deficiency of arylsulfatase A (ARS A), their enzyme levels were about half-normal, and enzyme from fibroblasts had properties identical with the properties of enzyme from normal fibroblasts. Nevertheless, the hydrolysis of cerebroside sulfate by growing fibroblasts was markedly attenuated. Supplementation of the fibroblasts with cerebroside sulfatase activator normalized the response in the loading test. These results imply that the fibroblasts, and by extension the patients, are deficient in activator. Although the defective catabolism of cerebroside sulfate and the clinical manifestations in these patients mimic MLD, the molecular basis is distinct from the classical forms of the disorder.

Cerebroside-Sulfatase↗
PubMed1980

Nucleus hospitals: blending old into new.

A new nucleus hospital at Macclesfield will in three years' time form the keystone of a totally modernised district health service. Meanwhile, 40 miles away at Chester, a similar nucleus scheme is being built using a new type of contract which the DHSS hopes will enable hospitals to be built more quickly, more cheaply. Benjamin Marsh traces the history and the implementation of these schemes.

England↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of standard and large forceps for transbronchial lung biopsy in the diagnosis of lung infiltrates.

In order to determine whether larger biopsy forceps improve the diagnostic yield over smaller standard forceps, we performed 30 transbronchial biopsy procedures in 28 patients with lung infiltrates using three types of instruments. We found that compared to the standard forceps specimens the large forceps acquired larger specimens in 22 of 29 procedures and that the alligator forceps acquired larger specimens in 7 of 10 procedures. However, in only 2 of the 29 procedures did the larger biopsy specimen alter the pathologic diagnosis. Four of the patients subsequently underwent open lung biopsy which did not alter the pathologic diagnosis rom the transbronchial biopsy procedure. We conclude that the large forceps do not significantly improve the diagnostic yield of transbronchial biopsy in our patients.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1978

Bronchoscopic needle aspiration biopsy of paratracheal tumors.

Primary lung carcinoma adjacent to the trachea and paratracheal nodal metastasis without evidence of the primary tumor or airway invasion require invasive surgical procedures to obtain adequate diagnostic tissues. Adequate diagnostic tissue was obtained in 3 of 5 patients with paratracheal masses by means of a bronchoscopic needle aspiration technique. There were no complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1970

Cellular recognition by mouse lymphocytes in vitro. I. Definition of a new technique and results of stimulation by phytohemagglutinin and specific antigens.

The media and culture conditions required for in vitro stimulation of mouse lymphoid cells are described. The medium was arginine-rich and contained heat-inactivated human serum. A component of the human sera necessary for stimulation of the cells was a natural mouse cell agglutinin, which affected both background stimulation and the degree of induced stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Absorption of the agglutinin from the human serum rendered the medium incapable of sustaining DNA synthesis in the presence of PHA. The response to PHA of mouse spleen and thymus cells was age-dependent and, although this response was not present at birth, it rapidly rose to adult levels. Spleen cells from mice immunized with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) showed increased in vitro reactivity to added purified protein derivative (PPD) or SRBC stroma, dependent on the time of immunization. The dose response curve for the SRBC stroma stimulated, immune spleen cells is compatible with a theory of cell to cell interaction being necessary for an in vitro reaction to antigen. The possible role of the mouse cell agglutinin (AMLG) is discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maternal brain death--an Irish perspective.

BACKGROUND: Brainstem death is a concept used in cases in which life-support equipment obscures the conventional cardiopulmonary criteria of death. Brainstem death during pregnancy is an occasional and tragic occurrence. AIMS: To considerthe ethical, legal and medical issues raised by maternal brainstem death. METHODS: Medline and Embase search. RESULTS: The death of the mother mandates consideration of whether continuing maternal organ supportive measures in an attempt to attain foetal viability is appropriate, or whether it constitutes futile care. There is no theoretical limit to the duration of time for which maternal somatic function may be sustained. However, successful prolongation of maternal somatic function in pregnancies of less than 16 weeks gestation has not been reported to date. There is no legal imperative to continue maternal somatic support where there is little likelihood of a successful foetal outcome. CONCLUSION: The difficult issues raised by maternal brainstem death mandates a consensus building approach to decision making in this context.

Adult↗