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Biomedical subjects

B Maitrot

Publications and source records attributed to B Maitrot.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Study of the complement system. General principles and perspectives].

Measurement of complement in clinical medicine is traditionally based on the determination of CH50 and immunochemical and/or functional measurement of complement proteins C1q, factor B, C3 and C4. The interpretation of these measurements, as far as complement activation is concerned, can however be difficult as these tests do not allow to discriminate between consumption due to activation, hereditary deficiency, increased rate of synthesis or even hyposynthesis. This explains why their use as markers of evolutivity in diseases where complement activation is occurring has given variable results. New tests for complement activation have been more recently introduced. These are mainly the measurements of the anaphytotoxins, the degradation products of C3 and the membrane attack complex. As these tests reflect more directly complement activation, they may be more reliable markers. The immunochemical and functional measurements of C1-inhibitor are of special interest as they are the tests which allow definitive diagnosis of the hereditary angio-oedema. General principles for the interpretation of the different tests used to evaluate the complement system are presented and discussed.

Anaphylatoxins↗
PubMed1989

Biochemical exploration of azoospermia: interest of the seminal transferrin assay.

Seminal transferrin is considered a good index of Sertoli cell function. In this study, including 19 control subjects, four vasectomized subjects and 65 non-vasectomized subjects with azoospermia, transferrin was measured concomitantly with other classical biochemical seminal markers such as L-carnitine, fructose and zinc. This parameter should provide additional information for differentiation between obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia. A threshold value of 85 micrograms/ejaculate for transferrin was defined in the control and the vasectomized groups. The 65 subjects with azoospermia were divided into five groups according to L-carnitine and transferrin threshold values; the nature of azoospermia (obstructive or non-obstructive) was considered in each group. In the biological investigation of sterility, the measurement of transferrin provided information as to the aetiology of azoospermia. However, the determination of L-carnitine and fructose remains important in the localization of any obstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Factors of meningeal diffusion of amoxicillin and ampicillin at the acute phase of purulent meningitis in children].

Amoxicillin and ampicillin levels were comparatively studied in blood and CSF of children with purulent meningitis. Thirty one children aged 2 months to 11 years were treated by one of two beta lactams by monotherapy in a daily dose of 200 mg/kg (Group 1: amoxicillin, n = 17; group 2: ampicillin, n = 14). Samples were collected on day 2 one hour after administration of 50 mg/kg IV of the chosen antibiotic. The mean levels observed in serum (69.5 and 53.4 micrograms/ml) and in CSF (7.74 and 7.96) were not significantly different. Beyond these levels we studied different biologic parameters in CSF: leucocytes, polymorphonuclears, protein, glucose and lactic acid. Multiple linear correlations were found, for the two groups and for the whole population between the CSF antibiotic level and the 6 other parameters (group 1: R1 = 0.82; group 2: R2 = 0.88; group 1 + 2: R3 = 0.78). The best correlated parameters with antibiotic CSF level are serum antibiotic level and CSF lactic acid. With these two parameters we can also estimate antibiotic level in CSF with good correlations (R1 = 0.78; R2 = 0.72 and R3 = 0.72).

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1980

[Development and comparison of lecithin/sphingomyelin and palmitic acid/stearic acid ratios in amniotic fluid].

Fetal lung maturity has been studied both by silica gel chromatography of phospholipids and gas liquid chromatography of fatty acids. Lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratios and palmitic/stearic (P/S) ratios were compared. A good correlation was obtained. However, when the L/S ratio has an intermediate value (1.5 less than or equal to L/S less than 2) making it difficult to judge the fetal lung maturity, the P/S ratio expresses the lung maturity more accurately.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1979

[Effect of the MgATP2- complex on liver phosphoglycerate kinase activity in the rat].

Effect of Mg ATP2- has been studied on purified rat liver phosphoglycerate kinase in the direction of glycolysis. Lineweaver-Burk analysis indicated that Mg ATP2- inhibition was noncompetitive with Mg ADP1- and 1, 3-diphosphoglycerate; the intersection point is above the 1/[S]-axis and two sites can be suspected for this inhibitor.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1979

[Isoenzyme distribution of creatine kinase in various human organs. Interest in human pathology (author's transl)].

The isoenzyme content of creatine kinase was determined in various human organs after autopsy. The results found were on the whole in agreement with the literature. Their analysis dictates the choice of a method of separation of the MB fraction: chromatography or electrophoresis. It permits better interpretation of the results of estimation of the MB fraction in the serum.

Brain↗
PubMed1978

[The MB Iso-enzyme of creatine phosphokinase in myocardial infarction (author's transl)].

CPK and its MB iso-enzymatic fraction were measured in 240 patients, 180 of whom suffered from myocardial infarction. MB iso-enzyme was expressed as a percentage of total CPK and a minimum figure of 4 per cent of MB isoenzyme was taken as indicative of a diagnosis of myocardial infarction. In the 180 patients with an infarction, the average MB level as a percentage of total CPK was 12.1 +/- 5.4 per cent. Five patients with a proven infarct had an MB iso-enzyme level of less than 4 per cent. Amongst the 60 patients without a myocardial infarction who were included in view of a pathological level of CPK, the average maximum level of MB was 1 +/- 2.5 per cent. Five of these 60 patients (false positives: 8.3%) had an MB iso-enzyme level of greater than 4 per cent. It is concluded that the estimation of MB iso-enzyme of CPK using a chromatographic technic is a highly valuable laboratory method for confirming or eliminating a diagnosis of myocardial infarction in the numerous clinical circumstances when such a diagnosis is difficult or even impossible on the basis of standard data.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[A case of analbuminaemia (author's transl)].

A new case of analbuminaemia is described in a 6 month old child of algerian origin. The condition was discovered fortuitously, the clinical manifestations consisting only of slight oedema. Serum albumin concentration was 64 mg/l and its immunochemical behavior identical to that of normal albumin. The body react by an increase in the synthesis of globulins. In the propositus, levels of alpha, antitrypsin, caeruloplasmin, haptoglobin, jalpha2 macroglobulin, transferrin, immunoglobulin M were more than 3 times normal. Analysis of non-esterified fatty acids normally carried by albumin was normal. By contrast, it was shown that the presence of free bilirubin not bound to proteins was detected from 17 micronmol/l. Study of the family showed a normal distribution of albumin and globulins. The genetic origin seen in previously reported cases was confirmed by the co-sanguinity of the parents.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1976

[Biochemical modifications in a case of analbuminemia (author's transl)].

A new case of analbuminemia is described for a six month old child of Algerian origin. The serum albumin concentration was 64 mg/l and its immunochemical action was identical to that of normal albumin. The system reacted by an increase of the synthesis of globulins. For the subject, the alpha1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, alpha2-macroglobulin, transferrin and immunoglobulins M contents were three times higher than the standard figures. However, it was possible to show that the presence of free bilirubin independent from proteins could be detected at a concentration of 17 mumol/l.

Bilirubin↗
PubMed1976

[Biochemical study on the 1st case of analbuminemia in France].

A new case of analbuminemia was described as follows for a six month's old child of Algerian origin. The discovery of the disease was made by chance, the clinical signs were limited to small oedema. The serum albumin concentration was 64 mg/1 and its immunochemical action was identical to that of normal albumin. The system reacted by an increase of the synthesis of globulins. For the subject, the alpha1-antitrypsin, ceruleoplasmin, hatoglobin, alpha2-macroglobulin, transferrin, immunoglobulins M contents were three times higher than the standard figures. The analysis of the distribution of non esterified fatty acids ususally carried by albumin was normal. On the other hand, it was possible to show that the presence of free bilirubin independant from proteins could be detected for a concentration of 17 micronmol/l. A study of the family showed a standard repartition of albumin and globulins. The genetic origin observed in the symptoms was confirmed by the consanguinity of the parents.

Algeria↗
PubMed1976

[Determination of phenobarbital, mephenytoin and diphenylhydantoin in the surveillance of anticonvulsant treatment].

The authors describe a method of simultaneous estimation of phenobarbitone, mephenytoin and diphenylhydantoin in the blood. After extraction with ether, the methylation of these substances by trimethylanilinium hydroxide permits their rapid separation by gas chromatography. Heptabarbitone is used as internal standard and the chromatograph used is supplied with a thermoionic detector. The technique used is simple and rapid. Its reproducibility and sensitivity are satisfactory, permitting daily application to the supervision of anticonvulsant treatment, especially in Pediatrics.

Barbiturates↗
PubMed1975

[Separation and assay of the MB isoenzyme of serum creatine phosphokinase. Results apropos of 152 cases].

MB iso-enzyme of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) was estimated after chromatography. The technique used, Mercer's technique, was simple and rapid. It required 1 ml of serum. The study carried out in 152 subjects showed that CPK was increased (N less than 90 mU/ml). In the group of 104 patients with myocardial infarction (average CPK levels = 829 mU/ml +/- 516), the MB iso-enzyme was found in the serum in significant levels (average level of the MB fraction = 10.9% +/- 5.4). On the other hand, in the control group of 44 patients with various diseases, (CPK = 672 mU/ml +/- 531) the MB iso-enzyme remained low (0.35% +/- 0.44). In two subjects with myocardial infarction, no MB fraction was found. On the other hand, in two patients who died, one from necrotic, prostatic adenocarcinoma, the other from necrotic epidermoid lung cancer, the MB iso-enzyme was significantly increased. The test proposed here, which is applicable in a routine laboratory, seems the most specific of all laboratory examinations available to the clinician for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction.

Chromatography↗
PubMed1975

[Characteristics of guinea pig anti-bovine parathormone antiserum used in radioimmunologic determination of human parathormone].

The cross-reaction for hPTH radioimmunoassay and the multiple forms of hPTH circulating, pose several problems in interpreting results. This communication reports a sensitive radioimmunoassay for hPTH utilising a guineapig antiserum which is reactive with the amino-terminal region retaining biological activity, and which cross-reacts completely with hPTH, indicating levels of hPTH expressed as bovine PTH equivalent that would be correct.

Animals↗