Biomedical subjects
B M Williams
Publications and source records attributed to B M Williams.
Use of arteriovenous shunts and right atrial catheters for daily granulocyte collection.
Between June 1982 and April 1984, 67 adult granulocyte donors were randomized to receive external arteriovenous shunts or modified right atrial catheters as vascular access for daily granulocyte collections using blood cell separators. Six of 32 donors with shunts and 2 of 35 donors with right atrial catheters experienced failure of the access method. Local infection occurred in one donor with a shunt and one donor with a right atrial catheter. Bacteremia occurred in one donor with a right atrial catheter. Specified whole blood flow rates of 50-65 ml/minute were achieved with 28 of 32 shunts and 29 of 35 right atrial catheters (P = NS). The majority of the donors in each group tolerated the vascular access without significant problems. This study demonstrates that modified right atrial catheters can be successfully used as method of vascular access for single donor granulocyte collection with blood cell separators.
Comparison of techniques for dealing with major ABO-incompatible marrow transplants.
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Acupuncture treatment of paralysis.
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Granulocyte collection by continuous-flow centrifugation using arteriovenous shunts.
Two thousand nine hundred twenty-seven granulocyte collections were made using continuous-flow centrifugation with the Aminco Celltrifuge I, the Fenwal Celltrifuge II, and the IBM 2997. There were 231 recipients and 246 donors. In 32 patients attempts to provide daily granulocyte transfusions from a single donor were unsuccessful owing to clotting of the silastic-Teflon arteriovenous shunt. Repeated granulocyte donations produced severe anemia requiring red cell transfusions in all the females and most of the males who had previously donated marrow for transplantation. Granulocyte collections were similar when collected with the Celltrifuge I or the IBM 2997, but collections with the Celltrifuge II were smaller. Infusion of hydroxyethyl starch directly into whole blood as it entered the centrifuge increased granulocyte collections. Granulocyte collections decreased with increasing number of daily collections.
Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of norethisterone in women after oral doses of ethynodiol diacetate.
Measurement by radioimmunoassay of plasma norethisterone (NE) has been used to compare the bioavailability of tablets containing ethynodiol diacetate (EDA) with that of a standard oral solution of this progestogen in 12 normal women. The tablets investigated were from three batches which showed different in vitro dissolution rates. There were no significant differences in the bioavailability of the tablet formulations, which were essentially bioequivalent to the solution. Peak blood levels of NE were reached within 4h of EDA administration in solution or tablets. After the peak, NE plasma levels declined in two phases, with a mean terminal elimination half lives of 4 to 6.9h. The pharmacokinetics of NE after EDA administration showed some similarity to those observed by other workers after oral doses of NE itself.
Chloramphenicol-resistant Salmonella typhimurium.
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The transmission of S livingstone to cattle by the herring gull (Larus argentatus).
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Bovine mycotic abortion: some epidemiological aspects.
Records from 898 cases of bovine mycotic abortion occurring over the five years 1969 to 1974 in South Wales were examined with particular reference to incidence and climate. Mean incidence was lowest in September and highest in January and February. Annual incidence of Aspergillus-type infection decreased but that of Mucortype did not alter significantly. Most abortions occurred during the last trimester of pregnancy. The abortion rate for cattle fed hay in cowsheds was extremely high compared with that for other management systems. No correlation could be detected between total rainfall or number of raindays in June and September and mycotic abortions occurring over the succeeding 12 months. Fungal abortion was followed by pregnancy in most cases where subsequent breeding performance was known.
Clostridial myositis in cattle: bacteriology and gross pathology.
In a bacteriological study of 173 cases of clostridial myositis in cattle, Cl chauvoei either alone or with Cl septicum was demonstrated in 97 (56 %)min a further 62 (36%) cases Cl novyi was demonstrated either alone or with Cl septicum. On 11 (6%) occasions Cl septicum only was recovered, and on another three 1-7%) Cl sordelli only. The gross pathology of the lesions was correlated with the bacteriological findings, and prophylaxis in relation to the infections identified is discussed.
The in vitro drug resistance of Salmonella dublin isolated from cattle.
The resistance of Salmonella dublin to eight antibacterial drugs was assessed under diagnostic laboratory conditions. Two techniques were used consecutively and the differences in the results are described. Strains of S. dublin isolated from either calves, adult cattle or abortion material showed no differences in resistance for either of the techniques, though differences between the two techniques were found.
Salmonella dublin infection in adult cattle: a slaughter house and knackery survey in South West Wales.
A survey was carried out between June 1970 and December 1971 in which gall bladders from cattle either slaughtered for food consumption or disposed of through knackeries were cultured for salmonellas. Salmonella dublin was isolated from 28 of 1917 gall-bladders of adult cattle killed in the slaughterhouse at Carmarthen, and from 23 of 197 gall-bladders obtained from adult cattle sent to a knackery at Abergwili, near Carmarthen. The results are compared with a similar survey carried out in 1947 and 1948. Between June and November 1971 gall-bladders and uteri were also obtained from a slaughterhouse in Newcastle Emlyn, North Carmarthenshire, and a knackery in Tanygroes, South Cardiganshire. S. dublin was cultured from two gall-bladders but from none of the uteri of the 161 slaughterhouse cases. Seven of the 46 cows from the knackery yielded S. dublin on culture: 2 in the gall-bladder only, 3 in the uterus only and 2 in both gall bladder and uterus.