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Biomedical subjects

B M Rabin

Publications and source records attributed to B M Rabin.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Taste aversion learning produced by combined treatment with subthreshold radiation and lithium chloride.

These experiments were designed to determine whether treatment with two subthreshold doses of radiation or lithium chloride, either alone or in combination, could lead to taste aversion learning. The first experiment determined the thresholds for a radiation-induced taste aversion at 15-20 rad and for lithium chloride at 0.30-0.45 mEq/kg. In the second experiment it was shown that exposing rats to two doses of 15 rad separated by up to 3 hr produced a taste aversion. Treatment with two injections of lithium chloride (0.30 mEq/kg) did not produce a significant reduction in preference. Combined treatment with radiation and lithium chloride did produce a taste aversion when the two treatments were administered within 1 hr of each other. The results are discussed in terms of the implications of these findings for understanding the nature of the unconditioned stimuli leading to the acquisition of a conditioned taste aversion.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Interactions between radiation and amphetamine in taste aversion learning and the role of the area postrema in amphetamine-induced conditioned taste aversions.

Three experiments were run to assess the role of the area postrema in taste aversion learning resulting from combined treatment with subthreshold unconditioned stimuli and in the acquisition of an amphetamine-induced taste aversion. In the first experiment, it was shown that combined treatment with subthreshold radiation (15 rad) and subthreshold amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg, IP) resulted in the acquisition of a taste aversion. The second experiment showed that lesions of the area postrema blocked taste aversion learning produced by two subthreshold doses of amphetamine. In the third experiment, which looked at the dose-response curve for amphetamine-induced taste aversion learning in intact rats and rats with area postrema lesions, it was shown that both groups of rats acquired taste aversions following injection of amphetamine, although the rats with lesions showed a less severe aversion than the intact rats. The results are interpreted as indicating that amphetamine-induced taste aversion learning may involve area postrema-mediated mechanisms, particularly at the lower doses, but that an intact area postrema is not a necessary condition for the acquisition of an amphetamine-induced taste aversion.

Amifostine↗
PubMed1986

Role of the area postrema in radiation-induced taste aversion learning and emesis in cats.

The role of the area postrema in radiation-induced emesis and taste aversion learning and the relationship between these behaviors were studied in cats. The potential involvement of neural factors which might be independent of the area postrema was minimized by using low levels of ionizing radiation (100 rads at a dose rate of 40 rads/min) to elicit a taste aversion, and by using body-only exposures (4500 and 6000 rads at 450 rads/min) to produce emesis. Lesions of the area postrema disrupted both taste aversion learning and emesis following irradiation. These results, which indicate that the area postrema is involved in the mediation of both radiation-induced emesis and taste aversion learning in cats under these experimental conditions, are interpreted as being consistent with the hypotheses that similar mechanisms mediate both responses to exposure to ionizing radiation, and that the taste aversion learning paradigm can therefore serve as a model system for studying radiation-induced emesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Angiotensin II-induced taste aversion learning in cats and rats and the role of the area postrema.

The capacity of angiotensin II (AII, 1 mg/kg, IP) to produce a taste aversion was studied in cats and rats with and without lesions of the area postrema. Using a one-bottle test, injection of AII produced an aversion in cats but not in rats. Using a two-bottle test, injection of AII produced a slight, but significant, decrease in sucrose preference in intact rats, but had no effect on rats with area postrema lesions. Lesions of the area postrema prevented the acquisition of a taste aversion in cats. These results, which show a clear species difference in the capacity of AII to produce a taste aversion, are discussed as supporting the hypotheses that there is a relationship between the sensitivity of the area postrema to a compound and the capacity of that compound to produce a taste aversion; and that excitation of the area postrema constitutes a sufficient condition for taste aversion learning to occur.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1986

Mechanisms of radiation-induced conditioned taste aversion learning.

The literature on taste aversion learning is reviewed and discussed, with particular emphasis on those studies that have used exposure to ionizing radiation as an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned taste aversion. The primary aim of the review is to attempt to define the mechanisms that lead to the initiation of the taste aversion response following exposure to ionizing radiation. Studies using drug treatments to produce a taste aversion have been included to the extent that they are relevant to understanding the mechanisms by which exposure to ionizing radiation can affect the behavior of the organism.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1985

Intragastric copper sulfate produces a more reliable conditioned taste aversion in vagotomized rats than in intact rats.

Although copper sulfate is an emetic stimulus, preliminary experiments failed to obtain a taste aversion in intact rats following intragastric administration as had been previously reported in the literature. Several experiments were therefore run to further investigate the capacity of intragastric copper sulfate to function as an unconditioned stimulus for taste aversion learning and the role of the vagus in mediating that learning. The results of the first series of experiments showed that intragastric administration of copper sulfate (5 mg/kg X 5H2O) was more effective in reliably producing a taste aversion in vagotomized rats than in sham-operated control rats. The second experiment examined the effects of area postrema lesions on the acquisition of a taste aversion produced by intragastrically administered copper sulfate in vagotomized rats. The results indicated that the taste aversion observed following treatment with intragastric copper sulfate in vagotomized rats could be prevented by lesions of the area postrema. The present results indicate that intragastric administration of copper sulfate is a more reliable unconditioned stimulus for taste aversion learning in vagotomized rats than in intact rats. It is not certain what factors might account for the discrepant results between the present experiments and previously published research.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effects of dose and of partial body ionizing radiation on taste aversion learning in rats with lesions of the area postrema.

The effect of area postrema lesions on the acquisition of a conditioned taste aversion following partial body exposure to ionizing radiation was investigated in rats exposed to head-only irradiation at 100, 200 and 300 rad or to body-only irradiation at 100 and 200 rad. Following head-only irradiation area postrema lesions produced a significant attenuation of the radiation-induced taste aversion at all dose levels, although the rats still showed a significant reduction in sucrose preference. Following body-only exposure, area postrema lesions completely disrupted the acquisition of the conditioned taste aversion. The results are interpreted as indicating that: (a) the acquisition of a conditioned taste aversion following body-only exposure is mediated by the area postrema; and (b) taste aversion learning following radiation exposure to the head-only is mediated by both the area postrema and a mechanism which is independent of the area postrema.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Recall of a previously acquired conditioned taste aversion in rats following lesions of the area postrema.

A conditioned taste aversion was produced by pairing a novel sucrose solution with either 3 mEq lithium chloride or with 100 rad gamma radiation in rats with the area postrema intact. Lesions of the area postrema were then made in half of the rats exposed to each treatment and in rats that were not treated with the unconditioned stimulus. When tested for a conditioned taste aversion, all treated rats showed a significant aversion to the sucrose solution compared to the untreated control rats. There were no significant differences between rats with area postrema lesions and those with the area postrema intact, indicating that the lesions had no effect on the recall of the previously acquired aversion. The results are interpreted as being consistent with the hypothesis that the role of the area postrema in taste aversion learning is to monitor blood and cerebrospinal fluid for potential toxins and to transmit that information to the central nervous system.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1983

Effects of antiemetics on the acquisition and recall of radiation- and lithium chloride-induced conditioned taste aversions.

A series of experiments were run to evaluate the effect of antiemetics on the acquisition and recall of a conditioned taste aversion induced by exposure to ionizing radiation or by injection of lithium chloride. Groups of male rats were exposed to 100 rad gamma radiation or 3 mEq/kg lithium chloride following consumption of a 10% sucrose solution. They were then injected with saline or with one of three antiemetics (prochlorperazine, trimethobenzamide, or cyclizine) at dose levels that have been reported to be effective in attenuating a previously acquired lithium chloride-induced taste aversion. The pretreatments with antiemetics had no effect on the acquisition or recall of either the lithium chloride- or radiation-induced taste aversion. The data suggest that antiemetics do not disrupt lithium chloride-induced taste aversions as previously reported, nor do they effect radiation-induced taste aversion learning.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Acquisition of lithium chloride- and radiation-induced taste aversions in hypophysectomized rats.

The effects of hypophysectomy on the acquisition of conditioned taste aversions following injection of lithium chloride and following exposure to ionizing radiation were studied using a two-bottle preference test. Hypophysectomy did not disrupt the acquisition of a taste aversion following either treatment. The results are interpreted as: (a) suggesting that pituitary/adrenal hormones do not mediate the acquisition of a conditioned taste aversion following injections of lithium chloride or following exposure to ionizing radiation in a two-bottle preference test, and (b) consistent with other research suggesting that the involvement of pituitary/adrenal hormones in taste aversion learning may be related to the conflict induced by using a one-bottle test and not to the learning itself.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Attenuation of radiation- and drug-induced conditioned taste aversions following area postrema lesions in the rat.

The effects of lesions of the area postrema on the acquisition of radiation- and drug-induced (histamine and lithium chloride) conditioned taste aversions were investigated. The results indicated that area postrema lesions caused a significant attenuation of the aversion produced by pairing a novel sucrose solution with radiation (100 rad) or drug injection. Further, the area postrema lesions produced a similar level of attenuation of the taste aversion in all three treatment conditions. The results are discussed in terms of the implications of this finding for defining the mechanisms by which exposure to ionizing radiation can lead to the acquisition of a conditioned taste aversion.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on multi-unit activity of the hypothalamus in rats.

Multi-unit activity was recorded from the diencephalon of unanesthetized, immobilized female rats. Less than 50% of the recording sites in the hypothalamus showed changes in the level of multi-unit activity to changes in the level of glucose utilization induced by injection of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG). It was also not possible to specificy an area within the hypothalamus in which there was a concentration of recording sites which consistently responded to 2-DG. Relatively large amplitude, long duration changes in multi-unit activity levels were also observed in the optic tract, suggesting that 2-DG induced a widespread cellular metabolic response to glucoprivation which may not have been related to the regulation of feeding.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effects of gonadal hormones on the hypothalamic multi-unit response to glucose and saline in the rat.

The role of gonadal hormones in modulating the hypothalamic multi-unit activity (MUA) response to glucose and saline was studied in normal and gonadectomized male and female rats. In intact male rats, unlike intact females, all hypothalamic placements showed either an increase or a decrease in MUA following an injection of glucose. Gonadectomy alone did not produce a significant change in the pattern of hypothalamic response to glucose. Daily injections of estradiol-17beta resulted in a significant increase in the number of hypothalamic sites that did not show a glucose-induced change in MUA. In general, the effects on saline tended to parallel those on glucose, although the changes were not as extensive. The results are discussed of estradiol modulation of body weight (b.w.) and of the hypothalamic responsiveness to various stimuli, including glucosse and saline injections.

Animals↗